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Robert Reich

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Stock Tip: Be Worried. Workers Are Consumers.

Posted: 08/19/11 10:32 PM ET

Repeat after me: Workers are consumers. Consumers are workers.

We're slouching toward a double dip, and the stock market is imploding, because consumers -- whose spending is 70 percent of the economy -- have reached their limit.

It's not just the jobless who can't spend. It's mainly people with jobs. Median wages continue to fall. Weekly wages in July for Americans with jobs were 1.3 percent lower than eight months before.

America's median earners are now earning less (adjusted for inflation) than they earned ten years ago.

Every CEO of every company that continues to squeeze payrolls (Verizon, are you listening? Ford?) needs to understand they're shooting themselves in the feet. Where do they expect demand for their products and services to come from?

They're doing the reverse of what Henry Ford did back in 1914 -- paying his workers three times what the typical factory employee earned at the time. The Wall Street Journal called his action "an economic crime" but Ford knew it was a cunning business move. With higher wages, his workers became his customers, snapping up Model-Ts and generating huge profits.

Many on Wall Street are scratching their heads, trying to understand why the stock market is plummeting. After all, they tell themselves, corporate earnings are still near record highs.

But it's becoming clear those earnings can't be sustained. Corporate earnings are the highest they've been relative to worker wages and benefits since just before the Great Depression. And the richest 1 percent of Americans are getting a higher percent of total income since just before the Great Depression.

Get it? It was only a matter of time before the boom on Wall Street turned into a bust. Economic booms cannot continue without American workers participating in them.

Foreign consumers have helped sustain earnings, but that won't continue, either. The European economy is sinking and China is pulling in the reins on growth.

What will happen to the Dow Jones Industrial Average when corporate earnings revert to their historic average relative to American wages? I've seen various estimates. They're not pretty.


Robert Reich is the author of Aftershock: The Next Economy and America's Future, now in bookstores. This post originally appeared at RobertReich.org.

 
 
 

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03:30 PM on 08/25/2011
Workers are Consumers. Consumers are Workers. And they both need protection from corporate policies that sell them out and keep them down.

Sadly, corporations need protection against their own short-term, smash and grab antics. They fail to see that they are the architects of their own destruction, because the very workers and consumers who keep their companies afloat, bail them out after their greed has reached the tipping point and causes a bubble, which leads to a crash.

Corporations abuse on the production-end and they abuse on the market-end. They are killing us, while they sit in the lap of luxury, smoking cigars and ordering sexual favors home delivered.

"The Tide" Protest/Solidarity Song http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O2Rm9uX9sPA
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splashy
Really?!?!!!
05:12 AM on 08/23/2011
Yes, the wealthy don't get that when they take the blood of the economy, the money, out of the real economy, the workers, the economy starts to die and they lose.
06:28 AM on 08/23/2011
Corporations are 'too big to care.' Corporate financing of our political & governmental processes has resulted in legal bribery.

Campaign finances are built on a legal fiction. Similar & related to the legal fiction granting Corporations the same rights as individuals.

What's that quote from Shakespeare?'

"The first thing we do, let's kill all the lawyers."

How about starting with demanding they make sense?
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Scott Fraley
10:12 AM on 08/22/2011
Somehow I don't expect my boss to offer me a raise after I email him this article Robert.
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AZreb
equal-opportunity Independent heathen
10:00 AM on 08/22/2011
"Five U.S. Companies Creating Thousands of Jobs in China" - doesn't that tell you something? Cheaper labor, low fees when they export to the U.S., low to no taxes - why wouldn't these companies and corporations outsource their jobs and build factories in other countries? Our trade deficit is rising - not a good sign.
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splashy
Really?!?!!!
05:13 AM on 08/23/2011
But, who do they sell to if no one makes enough money to buy, if the workers that produce the products can't?

They get too greedy and starve the host.
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sonoflars
Growing old is mandatory, growing up is optional
06:16 AM on 08/22/2011
The genie is already out of the bottle. Humanity has gone past the tipping point where jobs are being eliminated faster than they can be created. Technology won't stop. Corporations will always act in their own self interests. Real unemployment is over 20% and can be expected to continue to increase as world economies slips into stagnation, recession and ultimately depression. The political and economic systems of the 20th century are incapable of meeting the needs of a world without jobs. Evolution or revolution. Unfortunately, we don't have the leadership to evolve.
07:47 AM on 08/22/2011
I agree with you when you say, "Corporatio­ns will always act in their own self interests."

What we have in the present day is Corporatism without representation.

One thing you can say about Humanity is we are a tool making & tool using species. One of our greatest strengths seems to be our ability to adapt to change. Although most would agree adaptation is sometimes a blunt instrument & works as a double edged sword. I view our systems of government, including the political & economic systems, as rather sophisticated tools.

Tools can be misused or used not for their intended purposes, & sometimes they are destroyed in the process. In any event, a tool is created & meant to be used by people, & not the other way around.

If people desire to be used by tools, rinse & repeat.

If that is not our desire, we should stop.

Critical/creative thinking is a tool of inquiry & a process. No one thing takes the place of a process. We can, I believe, recalibrate our tools to better serve Humanity.
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sonoflars
Growing old is mandatory, growing up is optional
10:54 AM on 08/22/2011
Through out our history we have used the economic absolute: labor = reward (wages). We need to find something other than labor or redefine what labor is and we need to start the discussion quickly. 60% of America earns less than $14 an hour. 25% have less than $1,000 in the bank or under the mattress. $47 million people are on food assistance. Unemployment in the inner cities of America is close to 50%. And, (drum roll please) there are 300 million guns in this country. Do ya think we might have a serious problem? What would the riots in London have been like if the rioters where armed?

I don't know if we can avoid the massive civil unrest that is just over the horizon. We can't even have an honest conversation about jobs and unemployment. No republican dares to speak of real solutions because it would conflict with conservative mantra of less government, a balanced budget and lower taxes. We have no proof that Obama understands the accelerating slide into chaos.

Soon we may understand what France was like in 1789. Liberte, egalite, fraternite
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07:28 PM on 08/21/2011
OMG!!!!. Mr. Reich wrote a column that didn't call for more government speding or regulation. Maybe THIS is the moment the rise of the Liberal's began to slow and our planet began to heal.
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splashy
Really?!?!!!
05:15 AM on 08/23/2011
You don't understand what he wrote.
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Kirk Johnson
10:08 PM on 09/22/2011
Couldn't deal with the facts in the article so you attack the author... well done
S M V
Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses
04:29 PM on 08/21/2011
This statement makes no sense:

"They're doing the reverse of what Henry Ford did back in 1914 -- paying his workers three times what the typical factory employee earned at the time. ...With higher wages, his workers became his customers, snapping up Model-Ts and generating huge profits"

H. Ford What ever he said would not pay his employees more is they would purchase his cars. He would have been better off giving long term employees cars. Put this into context of your family. Would you be better off if you paid your kids a large allowance so that they could pay you for room and board? The best you could do was break even, and only if they spent no money one candy after school.

The truth is Mr. Ford paid high wages because he had to. His assembly line made workers much more efficient but it w curtail to have dedicated workers because each step was so dependent on the next. So because he was so efficient, producing cars with far fewer workers, he could afford to pay workers more AND doing so made his company more money.

This is how society becomes wealthier. Develop a process that produces something with less or cheeper inputs (including labor) frees those resources to do something else.
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laoshi
my micro-bio is now not empty.
07:08 AM on 08/28/2011
"This is how society becomes wealthier. Develop a process that produces something with less or cheeper inputs (including labor) frees those resources to do something else."

Is it possible that this formula converges to zero?

i.e. We are at the point where something else=nothing.
S M V
Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses
09:49 AM on 08/28/2011
I don't think it is possible to reach the point when something else = nothing for an extended period. It is very possible to lack the skills to do something else or to be stuck in the wrong place. As long as people want goods and service there is opportunity for growth and the opportunity for people to trade their skills for the things they want.

Current US situation:
Keynesian economic theory focuses on low consumer demand. It think it is more accurate to think of it as a series of popped bubbles. When the Internet bubble popped the finance industry bubble should also have popped shrinking finance. Instead the bubble kept growing because of low interest rates. The Fed is following the same policy again. This will cause further displacement and slow growth.
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democrats for life
republicans need not apply
04:15 PM on 08/21/2011
Commodities will be the only thing that continues to go up in the stock market, everything else will sell off. gold, silver, corn, soybeans, sugar, coffee, etc will thrive
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whyus
San Francisco native
03:31 PM on 08/21/2011
Exactly, Mr. Reich. We need you back in Washington, D.C. We need some back bone there to start making big corporations pay more of their profits back in taxes to this country. More revenue will create more jobs which will create more consumers, which is what we need.
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humanbeing-rick
Born in the USA 1947
02:58 PM on 08/21/2011
We need more visionary business leaders like Henry Ford, who knew that "Workers are consumers. Consumers are workers."
Our current business culture is the result of decades of corruption, cronyism, and selfish greed.
Too many of our business leaders have fallen to the temptations of riches and fame, and we are reaping the results of that.
We need to re-introduce the concept of doing the right things, rather than exploiting the situation.
We as Americans need to develop our compassion and empathy for one another. We can unite once again. United, we can conquer any foe!
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Southernthinker
02:06 PM on 08/21/2011
Tell us something new! Unemployed workers as a rock hurled at 44 becomes a battery of stones hitting the national economy. Capitalizing on this economic crisis means we're all in a freefall. The capitalists are out of control! This is not what capitalism should like.
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nofriendofrepublicans
Mother friendly.
01:59 PM on 08/21/2011
Henry Ford said you need to pay your employees enough to buy your product. Holds true even today.
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laurieanichols
je pense donc, je suis
11:51 AM on 08/21/2011
For supposedly economic pro's, these corporate moguls still don't get the strong relationship between the middle class and Wall Street, we might not be investors but we are the engine that drives the economy. The elite need to leave their insulated bubbles and walk amongst us to get the real lay of the land. When we do better, everything else does better.
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humanbeing-rick
Born in the USA 1947
02:59 PM on 08/21/2011
These corporate moguls are laying waste to the streets of America, as they get rich selling us out.
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splashy
Really?!?!!!
05:19 AM on 08/23/2011
They believe their own PR, that they are smarter than the workers and deserve more, much more. It's been a common theme throughout history when people become rich, a failing of our species to keep in touch with reality when we get too much power.
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CarlyQ
Without followers, evil cannot spread.
11:12 AM on 08/21/2011
For most people, it's common sense: if consumers aren't paid living wages, then they won't be consuming. Ergo, corporations will eventually fail, no matter how little they pay their workers.

How this very simple fact escapes those well-paid CEO's and government workers who serve them, is baffling.

Best and brightest, indeed.
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splashy
Really?!?!!!
05:19 AM on 08/23/2011
They have swallowed their own PR and believe it.
08:56 AM on 08/21/2011
Albert Einstein is thought to have said, "Perfection of means & confusion of ends seem to characterize our age."

When President Eisenhower named Charles Wilson (then President of General Motors) as US Secretary of Defense, he was asked during the nomination hearings, if, as secretary of defense, he could make a decision adverse to the interests of General Motors, Wilson said yes but added that he could not conceive of such a situation "because for years I thought what was good for the country was good for General Motors and vice versa".

It should be noted:

At that time, GM was one of the largest employers in the world – only Soviet state industries employed more people.

In 1955, GM became the first American corporation to pay taxes of over $1 billion.

In the present day, Corporations can still be good for this Country & vice versa. However, in order for the Country to benefit, the Corporations must employ people at a living wage & pay their fair share of taxes.

Mr. Reich eloquently explains what would be taken, in a more rational age, as akin to stating the obvious. Although I believe that a 'perfection of means & confusion of ends' comes into play here as well.

Perfecting the means by which Corporations are able to create profits for themselves has become confused with promoting the general Welfare of the Country. Equally or even more worrisome, this (faith based) belief system is self-perpetuating as opposed to self-sustaining.
09:47 AM on 08/21/2011
Corporations must also pay taxes. GE, a multi-billion dollar corporation, paid no federal taxes in 2010.
09:51 AM on 08/21/2011
Yup, this is one of the differences between now & then.
10:26 AM on 08/21/2011
Overall, I also think it would make much sense to increase taxes on upper-income Americans & to reduce taxes on lower-income Americans.

Lower-income American people spend more of their income (as %) than upper-income American people. Lowering taxes on those who need to spend nearly all of their income to simply pay their bills, would increase consumer spending.
11:41 AM on 08/21/2011
Well that's the thing, isn't it. At some point corporations will not be able to layoff themselves into big profits and bonuses and they will have to do it the old-fashioned way - by hiring and producing once again.

Money talks and we're already hearing money say they should be taxed more. In the near future the pendulum will swing in the worker's direction again - it's inevitable - and with the anti-Chinese sentiment building up the practice of producing back in the USA will be quickly rewarded.

We had to go through the cycle to get here but once again, money decides and its new decision is clear. Wall Street was Republican until the TPers caused them the current fiasco on principle and no thought to repercussions. I believe we'll see Wall Street start to favor the lesser of the two evils and back the grownups in the room...