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Robert Reich

Robert Reich

Posted: September 5, 2009 10:00 AM

The Real News About Jobs and Wages -- An Ode to Labor Day

What's Your Reaction?

Why aren't we hearing more about the worst job and wage situation since the Great Depression?

The latest employment figures (released Friday) show job losses continuing to grow. According to the payroll survey, job losses are increasing more slowly than in previous months. According to the household survey, they're accelerating -- from 9.4 percent of the workforce in July to 9.7 percent in August. Bottom line: almost one out of six Americans who need a full-time job either can't find one or is working part-time. Meanwhile, wage growth among people who have jobs has just about stopped. The Economic Policy Institute reports that between 2006 and 2008, wages grew at an annualized rate of 4.0%; by contrast, over the past three months annual wage growth has plummeted to just 0.7%. At the same time, furloughs -- requiring workers to take unpaid vacations -- are on the rise: recent surveys show 17% of companies imposing them. More than 20% of companies have suspended their contributions to 401(k)s and similar pension plans.

So why isn't the media screaming? Partly because these job and wage losses are not, for the most part, falling on the segment of our population most visible to the media. They're falling overwhelmingly on the middle class and the poor. Unemployment among those who have been in the top 10 percent of earnings is closer to 5 percent, and their earnings continue to climb -- although, to be sure, much more slowly than before the meltdown. It's much the same with health-care and pension benefits. Among people under 65 who are in the bottom 20% of incomes, only 21.9% have employer-sponsored health insurance -- if they have a job at all. Half of all people nearing retirement age have a 401(k) balance of less than $40,000.

I keep hearing that the economic meltdown has taken a huge toll on the stock portfolios of the rich. That's true. But the rich haven't lost nearly as much of their assets, proportionately, as everyone else. According to a report from the Bank of America Merrill Lynch ("The Myth of the Overleveraged Consumer"), analyzing data from the Federal Reserve, the bottom 90 percent of Americans hold 50 percent of more of their assets in residential real estate, which has taken a far bigger beating than stocks and bonds. The top 10 percent of Americans have only a quarter of their assets in housing; most of their assets are in stocks and bonds. And although the stock market is still a bit tipsy, it has rallied considerably since it hit bottom earlier this year. Home values, on the other hand, are down by an average of a third across the country, and are still falling.

What does all this mean for the economy as a whole? It raises the fundamental question of where demand will come from to get us out of this hole. If so many Americans are losing their jobs and wages, you have to wonder who will be returning to the malls.

That same Bank of America Merrill Lynch report notes cheerfully that 42 percent of consumer spending before the meltdown came from the top-earning 10 percent of Americans (not too surprising given that the top 10 percent was raking in half of total earnings) and the top 10 percent continues to do relatively well. So, says Bank of America Merrill, we can rely on the spending of the top 10 percent to get the economy moving again. Indeed, they conclude, Congress and the White House should be careful not to raise taxes on the top 10 percent, lest the consuming ardor of these most privileged members of our society be dampened.

This logic is morally and economically indefensible. If we've learned anything from the Great Recession-Mini Depression of the last 18 months, it's that the skewing of income and wealth to the top has made our economy far less stable. When the majority of middle-class and poor Americans are either losing their jobs or feel threatened by job loss, and when those who still have jobs are experiencing flat or declining wages, there's simply no way to get the economy back on track. The track we were on -- featuring stagnant median wages, widening inequality, and job insecurity -- got us into this mess in the first place.

Cross-posted from Robert Reich's Blog

 
 
 
 
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05:05 PM on 10/02/2009
During the Great Depression America's industrial might was on idyl. Before the Great Recession America's industrial might had largely been outsourced - that is, it was already largely nonexistent. Before the Great Depression people's life style choices were based on their wages. Before the Great Recession people's life style choices were largely based on their access to credit - and the jobs they had were largely in the service sector and dependent on easy access to mass credit. After the Great Depression America's industrial might returned and people got their jobs back. In fact, because of the war, there was a shortage of labor and so wages went way up. When the politicians and spin-doctors tell people that their jobs will come back eventually, really they don't have a clue. They don't have s plan. Really, they lie.
11:03 AM on 09/08/2009
The only solution to the problem is renegotiating the trade agreements. But that is NOT going to happen. The US and China are in a death embrace. We need their credit and they need our consumers.

Things aren't going to get any better without some serious fireworks.
10:55 AM on 09/08/2009
The labor situation will continue to worsen. If government manages to create a new bubble which they are probably trying to do, it will just prolong the suffering. The fundamental problem will still remain. American labor is too expensive. Our quality of life is too high, our healthcare costs are extreme, our benefits too generous (social security, unemployment, medicare), etc.

The bleeding started in manufacturing and spread to technology. The people complain and government gives them "retraining" programs or helps them get a "loan" for a college education or skills training or whatever. The problem is that no amount of "retraining" is going to help in any meaningful way. Retraining every 3-5 years to an "outsourcing safe" job is a solution for the government, not for a person.

Observe the next few years as the mass of newly unemployed gets "retrained". My guess is that they will move into health care, which is good (for now) because there is a shortage in that field. But how many new workers can the field handle? At some point it will also become saturated and then the downward spiral will begin all over again.

Contd
11:14 AM on 09/08/2009
When I said too generous I meant too generous relative to labor elsewhere.
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Samalabear
10:54 AM on 09/08/2009
Report on jobs in LI Newsday:

Hot jobs (hiring) (health care No. 1): Average wage $23,000 annually.

Cool jobs (not hiring): Average wage $63,000 annually.

This is reporting on Long Island, where most homes are still over $300,000 for a modest shack in a decent area.
10:09 AM on 09/08/2009
thank you robert reich. you should be in obamas cabinet. seems you are the only one that knows what is going on. bravo!!
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Bobzmcishl
09:07 AM on 09/08/2009
In France, one of those evil "socialist" countries, only 4% of citizens work beyond 65 versus over 25% in U.S.
07:54 AM on 09/08/2009
I LOST FAITH IN THE AUTHOR WHEN HE SAID OUTSOURCING ISN'T A BIG THING.
04:39 PM on 09/14/2009
I'm sorry, but it truly isn't. Think of how many jobs are here from outsourced countries, think of all the toyotas, hondas, bmws, hyundais, HP computers, Sonys, etc. The majority of these products are made or assembled in America due to tariffs on finished goods. This causes manufacturing of foreign products to be made in the good ol' US of A. If you would take a second to research, you would find out that manufacturing jobs have been dropping Y.o.Y globally for the past 15 years. This is due to robotic assembly, not "outsourcing."

Think of it this way, if we didn't outsource a single job and kept all manufacturing at home, all those foreign companies with plants here in the US would close them too. If you don't like foreign run companies manufacturing on US soil, buy american; there are many that do that already....
03:29 AM on 09/08/2009
Professor Reich,

What do you know about this Obama character? It seems to me that his goal was to stabilize the stock market. Can you please tell me it's more complicated than that and that he has assembled the right team of economists and advisers and that they are looking beyond the data to day NYSE charts? I just don't see alarm at unemployment numbers and I don't hear of any plans to avoid systemic risk that led to trillions infused in financial institutions. Can you give us reassurance?

Thank you.
02:59 AM on 09/08/2009
Simple solution, require a 100 IQ to vote.
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Social Construct
Go left, young man.
01:27 AM on 09/08/2009
The top 10% of Earners are responsible for 42% of spending in an economy that is fueled by 70% consumer spending? talk about have and have not! Anyone that is not a part of that 10% supporting a status quo approach to righting our ship of state is blinded by faith in leadership that has no interest in how the 90% of us participate in this grand experiment of democracy. It has nothing to do with redistributing wealth. It has everything to do with claiming our fairly earned share of it.
02:10 AM on 09/08/2009
Fairness has nothing to do with it. The idotic American voter has bought the crap that its fair to tax workers at 35% and investors at 15%. And the GOP keeps repeating the lie that we need to protect investors, when in reality 70% of the economy is dependent on consumption. Lowering taxes on the poor does a hell of a lot more for the economy than lowering taxes on the rich.
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Pablo Manriquez
Huffpo Latino Affairs blogger
06:00 AM on 09/08/2009
How?
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Social Construct
Go left, young man.
10:33 AM on 09/08/2009
How do 90% of the consumer spending public go from being treated as 3rd party participants in the American political process? Without the assistance of the public servants that they elected it would be next to impossible, I admit. However, if it's not outright impossible, then I'm willing to push that rock up the hill no matter how many times I might have to start anew from the bottom. Education, organization and action have always been the best tools in addressing needed changes for our social problems. That's where I'd start.
01:09 AM on 09/08/2009
Obama has a choice to make. He will emulate the Bold policies of FDR who created millions of government jobs as well as programs to provide incomes to families like the CCC and WPA or he can take the advice of Senator Paul Simon who wrote in his seminal book Let's Put America Back to Work that the government can alleviate suffering by being the employer of the last resort. And Obama can work the Congress like LBJ soothing and high fiving one day and threatening the next. Or he can leave a legacy as the “Great Compromiser”
who was able to pass tepid legislation that caved in to the most craven and monetized interests in America. It's really his choice. Even if he is a one term president and even if a full scale battle ensues over healthcare, it is far far better to leave office having done everything in his power to put people back to work and to finally deliver healthcare for all Americans. Win or lose, he wins. And the Republicans will have to answer as to why they opposed both job creation and healthcare. But if he is one term and does not even try to seek the change he asked us to believe in, then the loss is all the more pathetic and will affect both the 2010 elections and his legacy
11:07 AM on 09/08/2009
Job programs are only going to work if there is a real job to replace it at some point.
12:12 AM on 09/08/2009
Gosh. Seems like only yesterday that we were being told that our economy would be seriously damaged by repatriating our 12-20 million illegals. The pro-immigration crowd was worried about a serious labor shortage. Senator McCain was convinced that repatriation wasn't pactical, and wanted yet another amnesty. (Arizona does have a large number of Hispanics, doesn't it?)

Now there is not a single voice voicing that opinion nor one willing to admit they ever did.
They were like Mitzi Gaynor in "South Pacific" when she sang, "When the sky is a bright canary yellow I forget every cloud I've ever seen."

I'm not worried about our becoming a second rate country. Looks like we're already there. Maybe it's Senator McCain who is no longer practical.
07:20 PM on 09/07/2009
Dr. Reich knows that the underlying issue is aging boomers. For the next 20 years, the number of older people relative to the number of working age will increase, for the first time in history. It is a global demographic change, although it's impact is felt and different times. Every economist looks to demographic changes first. Why the big secret? It's quite the dilemma, old people need to get out of the way for young, old people don't have enough money to survive 20 or 30 years in retirement, companies put older people out to pasture too soon, costs for health care-affecting older people more are growing and the solutions are clearly decided.

Where is Super Boomerism?
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Pablo Manriquez
Huffpo Latino Affairs blogger
05:59 AM on 09/08/2009
"...the number of older people relative to the number of working age will increase, for the first time in history." Interesting. Do you have a source for this?
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BocaMom
04:47 PM on 09/07/2009
Bravo! Great story, Robert! How come no one in the Administration or in Congress is talking about getting America back to work, lowering unemployment and attacking employers who are slashing wages as well as employees? Not that I don't want Universal Health, but didn't we learn anything from President Clinton??? It's the economy stupid! And we have the most stupid Congressional Leaders ever! It's no wonder their ratings have fallen below 25%! I literally know over dozen family and friends out of work. And no one in Washington or the media is talking about it! They talk about Ted Kennedy, Health Care, Obama's speech for children, punishing the CiA and the Bush administration, but what about the economy and getting Americans back to work? And helping everyone who is draining their retirement savings just to stay afloat! Not only do we have to pay taxes, but huge early withdrawal penalties, so we can pay our bills. How come no one in Congress is helping us??? All the care about is helping themselves! I thought it would be different with a Democratic President and House, but unfortunately our crooks are worse than the Republican crooks!
money to pay bills so we
11:27 PM on 09/07/2009
Because politicians are owned by the rich. If this was talked about too much then laws may be changed to stop funneling money to the rich. For example, investments may be treated as wages for tax purposes.
02:44 PM on 09/07/2009
NO, NO, NO! I'm unemployed, have been for over a year, it's almost impossible to get a job in my profession, real estate, because Big Government has regulated a shut-down in the credit markets! The point is, I DON'T CARE IF WARREN BUFFET OR BARACK OBAMA OR ROBERT REICH MAKES A BILLION DOLLARS so long as I have lots of jobs that will bid for my services. And I don't care what they pay, I'll do several to get income, or make my own job.

GET GOVERNMENT TAXES, MANDATES, REGULATIONS OUT OF THE WAY SO I CAN GET BACK TO WORK!
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ideasmatter
Knowledge is free
06:51 PM on 09/07/2009
You're really clueless in blaming the gov't for this crisis. Wall Street perhaps? The real estate bubble that all involved -- including your profession -- helped cause?

Big gov't has regulated a shut-down in the credit markets? Truly insane.
06:32 PM on 09/10/2009
Talk to your local banker.
11:31 PM on 09/07/2009
Lol, it was the lack of regulations that caused real estate to crash so many other markets. Anyone who has taken out a home loan knows how mortgage brokers want to coach you into exaggerating your income and assets. Conflict of interests combined with lack of oversight was the main cause of the bubble, and yes of course an incredibly stupid fed chair blunted the warnings of economists in 2004.
06:10 AM on 09/17/2009
Those crummy mortgages happened because FNMA AND FHLMC, GOVERNMENT REGULATED AGENCIES, ALLOWED THEM TO, BOUGHT 'EM UP WHEN THEY WERE SOLD BY MORTGAGE COMPANIES! Those 2 agencies controlled big portion (30+%, I think) of the entire mortgage market, were given AAA ratings because of their government status (both have in their charters the ability to borrow funds DIRECTLY FROM THE US TREASURY).

Those agencies couldn't have made all those subprime loans if they were private businesses.

No FNMA or FHLMC, no huge bubble. Very simple.