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Roberto Lovato

Roberto Lovato

Posted: September 24, 2007 03:30 PM

Why Latinos Fight Ken Burns' and Other Wars


2007-09-24-our20furture.JPGMembers of CPCC during 2007 Puerto Rican Day Parade in June

Private First Class Jose Peralta stopped smiling. He looked straight into me and answered the unsettling question about war, "I would go to Iraq if they asked me." His chubby companion, PFC Garcia, and his female companion, PFC Juarez, nodded soberly in agreement while their immigrant parents smiled politely. Their radiant brown hands and faces glowed against their starched straight white uniforms. But, instead of drawing the usual looks of admiration from onlookers, their regalia - shiny black shoes, tight white slacks and white hats and white shirts colored with shiny medals - drew stares of disgust on the Manhattan-bound D train. Riding from the working class immigrant part of Brooklyn near the Navy Yard to Union Square, the historic center of peace marches in Manhattan since the end of the Civil War, they didn't seem to let the stares distract them. They are committed; they are proud members of the Coastal Patrol Cadet Corps (CPCC); they are ten years old.

PFC Peralta and his fellow cadets are but a few of the thousands of Latino children targeted for early indoctrination into the military by programs designed for the very young. The Coastal Patrol Cadet Corps website states clear goals: "Our activities are designed to build upstanding Americans, with physical and mental stamina, discipline and obedience. Instructions are given in numerous categories, including military discipline, leadership, infantry drill, rifle drill, seamanship, navigation, first-aid, communications, boat handling, drum, bugle and band instruments."

I asked PFC Peralta if he knew anything about the Latino PBS The War controversy raging across the country. "No. I don't know nothing about that," said the bright-eyed son of immigrants from Puebla, Mexico. But he had, he told me, already made up his mind about the military: "I'm gonna be the Captain of a navy ship."

I thought about that earlier encounter with PFC Peralta and his crew as I watched Ken Burns' War documentary Sunday evening. The 14 and a half our epic was as much about the current and future PFC Peralta's as it was about the septuagenarians and octogenarians featured in the film. The controversy around whether and how to include Latinos should matter to all as should the issues around artistic license.

One can only the imagine the agony Burns experienced as he was forced to correct his Latino oversight with scenes a reviewer at the New Yorker magazine said had a "tacked-on" feel to them. Placed at the very last ten minutes of the first episode, the East LA accents and bolero music of the Latino interviews do, in fact, make those characters and stories seem completely foreign to the small town USA stories at the heart of the first two hours and the entire epic.

More than the actual film, the controversy around the film will have done more to educate the country about the more than 500,000 Latinos who enlisted, fought or died during World War II. Premiering during a historical moment of unprecedented anti-immigrant, anti-Latino sentiment, The War's "Oh-yeah,-Latinos-fought-too" feel will not inspire future PFC Peralta's to enlist. Viewed from the perspective of peace activists, Burns' jerky editing of Latinos into history (ie; even his Southwestern US-focused The West documentary included only 2 Latino characters out of a cast of 80) may actually be a good thing.

Those who depend on war and those who advocate peace know that future wars and the future of the US military itself depends on the decisions of young Latinos like Peralta. As Larry Korb, former Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower, Reserve Affairs, Installations and Logistics in the Reagan Administration Defense Department, once told me, "Latinos are very important to the national security of the United States," adding that, "A decrease in Latino enlistment numbers would make things very difficult for the armed forces, because they are the fastest-growing [minority] group in the country and they have a very distinguished record of service in the military." If he were Secretary of Defense, Korb, would "be very worried about the possibility of decreasing Latino numbers. I'd be thinking about how to make do with smaller numbers of troops or with further lowering standards for aptitude, age, education and other factors."

Programs like PFC Peralta's CPCC are part of an armada of programs and campaigns linked to or influenced by a Pentagon that needs 22 percent of the Armed Forces to check off "Hispanic" on enlistment forms if it is to meet recruitment and deployment goals by 2025. As if mounting a major offensive on a domestic adversary, the Pentagon is, unlike Burns, paying extremely close attention and spending millions to find out about the world of PFC Peralta: what he wears, where he hangs out, what kinds of groups he belongs to, what he reads, what he watches on TV, his grades, his dreams. Members of the Pentagon's many and well-funded recruiting commands are a permanent feature of urban school systems; programs like the No Child Left Behind guarantee that schools give recruiters PFC Peralta's home phone number, address and other information. Even popular children's restaurant chain Chuck E. Cheese is doing its part to make sure PFC Peralta gets the martial message when he's not at CPCC. Puppet shows at some restaurants include military music and Chuck E. Cheese television has broadcast images of Latinos and others in the Army giving food and supplies to children in Iraq.

Burns failed to fulfill promises to activists that he would "seamlessly" integrate the Latino portions of the film. But his failure will do little to inspire PFC Peralta and other Latino kids to enlist between now and 2025. Hopefully, documentarians of future US wars will lack Latino subjects because there will be fewer PFC Peralta's to film.

Thank you, Ken Burns, for barely including us in your War.

Follow Roberto Lovato on Twitter: www.twitter.com/robvato

 
 
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12:46 AM on 09/25/2007
You're in good company. When Burns began his series on the West I wrote to him telling him to check out the contributions of the Jews to the history of the west. Solomon Bibo, the Jewish Chief of the Acoma Pueblo, Philo Jacoby the greatest marksman of his time, the pioneer traders, the builders of opera houses, founders of newspapers, builders of the border towns - in many the frequency of language was Spanish, then Yiddish. The Jews got on well with the Native Americans - having no wish to convert them, and of course there is the story of the conversos in New Mexico- the Jews who posed as Catholics for generations. There were Jewish politicians, cowboys, artists, and great rabbis. Their role in the Gold Rush was significant, and the making of San Francisco. Levi Strauss, anyone?

But, sadly, no mention of my co-religionists in the entire series. I might as well have been watching a Roy Rogers film. No Jews in the West either.

kobe8lal
08:43 AM on 09/25/2007
kobe8lal
Thank you for your post.
10:16 PM on 09/24/2007
Nobody owns history, but there are many points of view on a common history. Ken Burns has established himself as a credible and talented documentary filmmaker. He has the right to present his own point of view on the Second World War.

If Latinos feel left out in "The War", they have that right. They do not have the right to demand that Burns rewrite his work to suit their whims. If Latinos have been so grievously harmed, than others have every right to produce their work with more emphasis on the role of Latinos.

You can't please everyone. No artist can please every demographic when their finished work is unveiled for the first time. It's simply impossible. Artistic and editorial choices are the purview of the person creating the work. If others disagree, then let them add their own work to the public debate instead of unending complaint.
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11:34 PM on 09/24/2007
Prov--

Yes! Thank you!

It really is all about freedom of speech. You can say, "damn, that film sucks." But you can't say, "Hey dude, make it be how I want."

Let Jimmy Smits, or Jessica Alba, or Jennifer Lopez make that film.

And just like I tell the government, stay the hell out of my life.
10:11 PM on 09/24/2007
Well, this comment probably won't make it either, but the more I think about it the angrier I get. You really shouldn't be bothering children you don't know about their politics. You shouldn't show their picture here, just to further your own political purposes. These kids will probably go further in life than their neighbors, unfortunately. As you know, the high school graduation rate for US Hispanics is abysmal, and one of the looming crises for this nation.

If you have a problem with the situation, talk to the parents, you creep. Don't abuse these kiddies just because you don't like their program.
09:59 PM on 09/24/2007
"Their radiant brown hands and faces glowed against their starched straight white uniforms. But, instead of drawing the usual looks of admiration from onlookers, their regalia - shiny black shoes, tight white slacks and white hats and white shirts colored with shiny medals - drew stares of disgust on the Manhattan-bound D train."

Ugh. I'm glad I don't live in a an anti-military area like Manhattan. And what were you doing pestering these children on the train about their politics? Those kids sound like they're a lot better grounded than you are. After all, you were horrified that "Chuck E. Cheese television has broadcast images of Latinos and others in the Army giving food and supplies to children in Iraq". Yeah, God forbid that anyone should show some of the many good works that our soldiers do.
09:49 PM on 09/24/2007
Here's what I carried away from this blog (a between the lines exercise):

People with "radiant brown skins and bright eyes" should be allowed to cross the border freely because they can make good soldiers.

Did I miss anything?
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quoveritas
Surgeon General warns: too much truth can cause...
09:12 PM on 09/24/2007
As a "humble" Hispanic, I will obediently stay quiet and endure the "soft bigotry" of Anglo-centric self-aggrandizement, yet be proud of the fact that I, like millions of other Hispanics in U.S. history, have served MY COUNTRY when it needed me.
No movie or any bigots opinion will ever change that.
09:12 PM on 09/24/2007
.

I served..

my brothers and sisters served..

my uncles..

my father..

my grandfathers..

my brothers in law served..

my nephews served..

my family has brown and black and white and red and yet we all served..

we do this because it is our country..

we would gladly die for this country..

my daughters will serve once out of college..

and their children no doubt..

we are citizens.. when i was young we pulled cotton in New Mexico and wore hand me down clothes.. and still we served..

this is our nation.. our country.. by birth.. by right.. by hard work and long hours..it only matters to us that we have opportunity.. to deny that same opportunity to others is disgraceful and shameful and it is what some would do.. and it hurts this country.. which we.. all of us.. made great..

our blood is spilled across the world for the benefit of our nation..

i am hispanic.. latino if you will..
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08:58 PM on 09/24/2007
Ken Burns is an infantile hack.

PBS uses him to make nostalgia movies - jazz, baseball, ww2 - whatever.

He looks only for facts that support his agenda.
Rather like cherry-picking intel.
If a fact doesn't suit his agenda, it doesn't get in the film.

PBS is alsolutely worthless.
They do nothing but promote their sponsors' products.
Then they show an opera to show they're classy.
07:55 PM on 09/24/2007
I saw Hispanics in last night's episode. One of the first people interviewed was born in Mexico - I think his mother was Mexican but he had an Anglo last name. The point was that the guy started out feeling lonesome among the Anglos but after going through basic training together they all were close friends.

However, I didn't see any Swiss/German/Irish Americans pointed out in the episode, and I feel my people's contributions to WW2 should be highlighted. I plan to complain to Ken Burns ASAP.
guajiro
posted 5 minutes ago
09:57 PM on 09/24/2007
You bring up a good point! Perhaps Burn's point of view was that Hispanics were considered white, such as are Swiss/Germans/Irish, and other Anglo stock today, and thus there was no need to differentiate them from other 'anglo' servicemen. Although we see this as not true today in light of today's concept of racism, perhaps this had some part in his refusal at first to bring in Hispanic looking and Hispanic sounding surnames. As my birth certificate shows, the box where race is denoted is checked off at the "white" box, however, I am Hispanic. In the end though, it doesn't hurt to listen to the public when you take their money. Wish the politicians would do as well.
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mrcontinental
10:10 AM on 09/25/2007
"Perhaps Burn's point of view was that Hispanics were considered white"

They were considered white during the war. They had the same rigts and benefits that white americans had at that time.

Now they are trying to rewrite history by playing the wounded minority when at the time they were part of the majority and more then happy to reap those rewards. What a crock.
01:00 AM on 09/25/2007
As I said earlier, but was apparently lost in the ether--Complain to Mr. Lovato. He seems to have the market cornered on how we unrepresented minorities feel.
07:07 PM on 09/24/2007
I smell fake outrage.
05:32 PM on 09/24/2007
The Hispanic-specific content is tacked on at the end, which is probably Ken Burns' revenge. As Burns pointed out: "If you were painting a still life and you leave out an orange," he said, "does the orange lobby then lobby to have Cézanne put back, in addition to the banana and the apple and the pear, the oranges?"
06:16 PM on 09/24/2007
Crummy analogy. It's more like trying to paint a still life without a tube of Cadmium Red Light (a strong opaque orange-red). You can do it, but the results will never look as "real".
07:56 PM on 09/24/2007
Yet who is to say what's real? And through whose eyes are you looking?

Van Gogh's works could hardly be called "realism" per se, but they are considered great art none the less.

Let's allow the artist to exercise his singular impression of what he sees and feels, as well as his god given right to speak to it in his own unique voice.

Anything else is censorship, plain and simple.

As I have said elsewhere--If you don't like the film, go out and make your own, but don't you dare to tell me how to make mine!
05:12 PM on 09/24/2007
The same reason lots of poor and minorities joing the military period is because of lack of other job opportunities. This is not a bad thing if you can get trained in a skill that's also useful in the civilian world. The problem is in a war, infintry is paramount, especially with most support services being contracted out, and not only is that dangerous most of those skill sets do not transfer to the civilian world. I think anyone thinking about joining needs to think long and hard - weigh ALL your other options.
09:44 AM on 09/25/2007
That is completely false in so many ways. The infantry units are actually maintained to a war-time level at all times, so there wasn't a real shortage of personnel in those units. Now, it would have been better had we spun up a few more divisions, then we wouldn't have the manpower shortages we are now. But that didn't happen until recently and although the process has spun up, it is going to be a few years before those divisions are ready to see action.

As for the support services, they are not mostly being contracted out, except for things like cooks and barracks managers. Who the hell joins the military to learn how to cook or manage a barracks anyway? The high-tech MOS's or job skills are in extremely high demand in both the Marine Corps and the Army. The Marine Corps is offering ridiculously high bonuses now to try and keep the high-tech guys in, rather than watch them all leave for jobs paying 70-80k at start up. It has always been that way, but now that the need is greater, the bonuses are much higher. Kind of nice, actually, for those of us who are actually in and serving. The military is a great way to start a career in any number of technical fields and despite what many of you believe, this war isn't really hurting the enlistment or reenlistment rates. Hell, every one of my Marines is begging to get augmented to go back over there and do it again, and we've already been over three times in the last two years.
04:54 PM on 09/24/2007
Ironically, the 1956 movie "Giant" did a much better job highlighting the Latino role in WWII and the rampant discrimination faced by Latinos in those days. The Latino character played by Sal Mineo dies in the service to his country and comes home to a very simple Texas burial. One of the Benedict boys is also drafted but gets to come home to a hero's welcome. The movie was also quite advanced for its time for showing Elizabeth Taylor's character as a very strong willed, smart woman. In those days, it was more common for women to stay home and bake cookies and not get involved in political discussions. If you've never seen the movie, I would recommend it.
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NABNYC
04:49 PM on 09/24/2007
I guess we didn't watch the same show. I watched Part 1 of The War last night on my PBS station. It certainly did include people from various different ethic groups including Japanese, black, and Hispanic. And Irish. And Italian. No, it did not focus exclusively or primarily on Hispanics, but then the title of the film isn't "Hispanics in War."

I actually think this whole Hispanic fuss is a silly bunch of noise without substance. Until we see the entire 14 hours, I guess none of us can judge the whole body of the work. But from what I saw, Part 1 was terrific. As a woman, I note there was little discussion of the women who served, but I'll withhold judgment about whether or what effect that might have on the documentary.

I also note that Lulac and some other Hispanic groups strongly encourage young Hispanics to sign up to go to Iraq. They support having the recruiters come to the high schools, support sending the young Hispanics off to die. I am perplexed at anyone supporting the war in Iraq. The fact that people go to war is not always a sign of courage. Sometimes it is a sign of stupidity and ignorance, and false machismo from the adult males who encourage young boys to go off to other countries to die.

I would like to see these same people out at the high schools forcing the young Hispanic men to stay in school, reverse the shocking drop-out rates. I would like to see them out in force pushing young Hispanic men into college and into careers that make sense, and do not involve killing others.

But I think it's probably a lot more fun, and definitely a lot more macho, to promote war. So that's why we heard so much nonsense this week-end.
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Nezua
publisher of http://theunapologeticmexican.org
07:42 PM on 09/24/2007
Those darn Hispanics making fuss!
04:46 PM on 09/24/2007
Thanks for bringing this to my attention. I will continue to watch The War, but with a much more critical eye.
07:43 PM on 09/24/2007
Boy Howdy, I guess we got that Ken Burns guy, but good, huh?

"One can only the imagine the agony Burns experienced..."

So hooray for us and to hell with the rest of y'all. We bent him to our will, flexed our mighty muscle and got some justice done.

And how about that whole 1st amendment thing, freedom of speech? Well we'll just call it "artistic license," as in, "The controversy...should matter to all as should the issues around artistic license."

Oh that nasty artistic license, and those equally nasty artists. Thinking that the constitution might actually cover their mangy asses as well. Guess they'll think twice next time they go to make a film, paint, write, speak or otherwise exercise those same rights, by god!

Thank god for this politically correct culture and knee jerk liberal guilt. We can scream racist, bigot, liar, fraud without proof, and the lap dog MSM will eat it up and help us dig the hole to bury you and your rights in.

Yeah, it was easy. We just took the stake of entitled intolerance and drove it right through the beating heart of the Bill Of Rights.

OH, and you Black folks, Gays, women, and other disenfranchised minorities; while you are cheering our success at sticking it to the man, just remember, if you get on our bad side, you could be next.

Ain't Amerika great?
guajiro
posted 5 minutes ago
09:48 PM on 09/24/2007
"So hooray for us and to hell with the rest of y'all. We bent him to our will, flexed our mighty muscle and got some justice done".

This is a PBS 14 hour documentary that had omitted mention of Mexican-Americans having any contribution in WW2.
http://news.ncmonline.com/news/view_article.html?article_id=972862a2e41d338ffbdd54f424bdc79e

Hispanic contributions are well documented, but Burns seeks to 'rewrite' history, and for this he was repeatedly asked by many groups to not omit Hispanic's contribution. As the first link shows you, he refused to many, many, different requests. That he finally acquiesced is to his credit. This has nothing to do with 'politically correct'ness. If Burns were to do a film PRIVATELY, without Federal funds, he could do whatever type of film he chooses to do, even one depicting someone such as yourself, being the lone reason why WW2 or Vietnam or Iraq was won by U.S. forces ane no one would say a peep. But facts are facts and we called him out on the facts.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_Americans_in_World_War_II
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NABNYC
09:24 PM on 09/24/2007
One minor additional point. This article says 500,000 "Latinos" "enlisted, fought or died during World War II." Just to clarify, the entire U.S. military "only" had about 420,000 deaths during WWII. So the statement is a bit misleading to the extent it could be read as suggesting that 500,000 American Hispanics died in WWII. It also is not clear who is included as a Latino. For example, Spain was Fascist under Franco. Is Franco's fascist military included in these numbers?