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Rocky Kistner

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Fracking With a Whole Lotta Shakin' Going On

Posted: 02/ 6/2012 12:37 pm

Take millions of gallons of natural gas hydro-fracking waste water then pour it down a hole dug thousands of feet down into the bedrock and what do you get? Well, according to the U.S. Department of Energy and other experts, you may get a whole lotta shakin going on. But right now, no regulations are on the books that force the oil and gas industry to take that into consideration when they dig their fracking waste wells—yet.

The risk of earthquakes put the kabosh on operations at a fracking waste-water injection well suspected of triggering a 4.0 trembler near Youngstown, OH, on New Year's Eve. This month, the state is expected to release a report to determine whether there are adequate regulations to address how these injection wells are sited and operated.

Watch NRDC geologist Briana Mordick talk about the earthquake risk in this video: 

 

Earthquakes linked to injection wells have been documented in numerous states, including Texas, Arkansas and even others in Ohio. Here's an excerpt from Briana's recent blog:

A similar swarm of earthquakes in the Dallas-Fort Worth area, where the Barnett Shale is being developed, was linked to produced water disposal wells. The Arkansas Oil and Gas Commission shut down a disposal well and enacted a permanent moratorium on future disposal wells in an approximately 1,200 square-mile area in the Fayetteville Shale after injection caused hundreds of earthquakes. In fact, this is not even the first time an injection well has caused earthquakes in Ohio: a series of earthquakes in Ashtabula, Ohio in 1987, 2001, and 2003 were caused by a disposal well.[1]

At the site near Youngstown, hydro-fracking wastes—called flowback water as well as produced water that comes to the surface with the oil or gas-—are imported from other states and injected deep underground, burying a toxic stream that includes carcinogens and low-level radioactive wastes. Local residents are becoming increasingly worried about industry’s “out of sight, out of mind” philosophy, and they are joining forces to pressure lawmakers to increase safety regulations of the exploding number of fracking operations in their area. Here’s what WYTV in Youngstown reported last week:  

Columbiana County resident Karen Bertolasio fears what oil and natural gas drilling may soon do to her community. She lives next to Beaver Creek State Park. "A lot of my neighbors are already talking about signing up," said Bertolasio. "There's nothing I would rather see happen in our state than for us to pick up and become very prosperous again, but not because people are going to be unsafe." 

Some Ohio politicians are fed up with the state's eagerness to import these kinds of wastes. “We have become in Ohio the dumping ground for contaminated brine,” state Representative Armond Budish, the House Democratic leader, said at a Jan. 26 forum in Columbus. “We didn’t prepare adequately for the potential for earthquakes and other environmental problems,” Bloomberg reported last week. 

Experts are taking a closer look at industry practices that some say have gotten ahead of adequate safety precautions. Until the fracking industry is forced to study earthquake dangers more closely, some worry there will be more rockin' and rollin' near these wells  as they proliferate across the country, pouring more chemical-laced liquid wastes underground.  

 

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Take millions of gallons of natural gas hydro-fracking waste water then pour it down a hole dug thousands of feet down into the bedrock and what do you get? Well, according to the ...
Take millions of gallons of natural gas hydro-fracking waste water then pour it down a hole dug thousands of feet down into the bedrock and what do you get? Well, according to the ...
 
 
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emigholzjr
There is love and there is a cry for love
01:13 PM on 02/10/2012
What I want to know is anyone keeping track of the melted nuclear cores that have breached their containment vessels at the TEPCO nuclear plants? It seems to me that Japan is saying the radioactivity is on the decline so the problem is abating its self. Sure the situation it getting better on the surface but what about below the plant? Where are the cores exactly? Anyone...
08:58 PM on 02/11/2012
The core is the melting nuclear fuels rods -and it's casing. In an atomic reactions,(fission) a particle will release more than one particle for each emitted. the control rods (graphite/carbon) can be slightly removed or inserted to keep the chain reaction under control. Heat control is maintained by a recirculating closed (primary) water flow that drives turbines. This water is cooled by a secondary ( where I used to work ) Lake Michigan source whose tubes envelope the primary/radioactive tubes.Therefore the circulating water doesn't touch the radioactive/closed system water.. The circulation pump broke in Japan.So,meltdown.I'm not sure if the containment was substantially breached or not.
Below the plant,the situation must be improving,because there was a finite amount of fuel and it decays/breaks down with time.The question is ,how quickly it is improving. One would need to know how old the fuel rods were at the time of the accident. (ANd,even if they were 'spent' there's quite a lot of radiation.The half life of a nuclear fission is a pretty simple natural log calculation,but I don't know the fissionable materiel.
Now, I'm on call and have a bad migraine patient to see.Hope this helps
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emigholzjr
There is love and there is a cry for love
01:09 PM on 02/12/2012
Thank you very much. I may be over reacting but I feel the complete core meltdowns in the TEPCO power plants at Japan are a global problem. I feel as if the whole situation is turning into a big cover up, because of the vague and limited information about the cores. (Plenty of information about radiation).
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MilesToGo
03:08 PM on 02/08/2012
Hydraulic fracturing methods do produce quakes, as has been amply documented. Fifty years ago, along Colorado's Front Range near Rocky Flats (where nuclear bomb triggers were manufactured), nuclear waste-water was injected deep into the earth's subsurface, provoking subsequent earthquakes. These injections were immediately stopped.

The oil & gas corporations effectively rule public policy, so hydraulic fracturing will continue. The trade-offs between needed energy resources and environmental damages, despite what any industry spokesperson may insist, are ambiguous and unknown despite obvious problems seen in many areas where this method of energy extraction has occurred. The problem, of course, is that once environmental damages result, they will likely be irreversible and serious. Groundwater, as example, is 30 times more prevalent than surface water. Groundwater pollution will be disastrous.
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Chris Salmon
Geologist and Computer Scientist
06:48 PM on 02/08/2012
"Fifty years ago, along Colorado's Front Range near Rocky Flats (where nuclear bomb triggers were manufactur­ed), nuclear waste-wate­r was injected deep into the earth's subsurface­, provoking subsequent earthquake­s. These injections were immediatel­y stopped."

This has absolutely nothing to do with hydraulic fracturing.

"Hydraulic fracturing methods do produce quakes, as has been amply documented­."

Please provide links to said documentation?
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MilesToGo
09:23 PM on 02/08/2012
It's obvious you're little interested in facts. The verity of the claim about Rocky Flats, waste-water injections & earthquakes can easily be googled...I'll not do research for someone clearly not interested in facts, much less one who wants me to provide documentation about fracking & earthquakes right after said documentation is provided in the lead article to this thread. As to the Rocky Flats quakes provoked by injecting fluids many thousands of feet underground, this was done under low pressure, not using high pressure and sand, and still caused slippage at fault lines.
You oil & gas apologists have already won, so stop fighting the facts of your depredations, and maybe begin preparing for the coming law suits.
07:58 PM on 02/07/2012
Here in Idaho our Senate Resources committee just passed Rules Governing Oil and Gas production yesterday. To say they are inadequate would be the understatement of the century! There is also legislation working its way through that would allow injection wells and the injection of fracking fluid waste. Everyone seems to be forgetting that one teensy weensy SUPER CALDERA known as Yellowstone! Idaho is the 5th most seismically active state in the country! I cannot, for the life of me, figure out who the hell thought this was a good idea?! Of course we also have a gentleman by the name of David Hawk, who represents Governor Otter on the Idaho Geological Survey Advisory board (as well as sits on an Advisory Panel for the University of Idaho) speaking to the legislature and at public meetings stating that there are no documented cases of groundwater contamination from natural gas drilling/fracking-- and we know that is not true! It never ceases to amaze me how low these guys will stoop to make a quick buck-- even if it's going to hurt people in the process!
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Chris Salmon
Geologist and Computer Scientist
02:30 PM on 02/08/2012
"David Hawk, who represents Governor Otter on the Idaho Geological Survey Advisory board (as well as sits on an Advisory Panel for the University of Idaho) speaking to the legislatur­e and at public meetings stating that there are no documented cases of groundwate­r contaminat­ion from natural gas drilling/f­racking-"

Could you provide a link where these statements of his are quoted? I'd like to see exactly what he said - thanks!
06:34 PM on 02/08/2012
Chris,

Here ya go:

http://www.mtexpress.com/index2.php?ID=2005140652

Here's the comment: "But Hawk said the regulation would be pointless as there is no chance of the company's wells contaminating groundwater in southwestern Idaho."

http://payette.govoffice.com/vertical/Sites/%7B44867065-4476-41DD-91A9-F7FF564B033D%7D/uploads/10-24-11_Work_Session.pdf

Here's the comment: "David Hawk stated that wells that were fracked they haven't seen a problem in other states"

On December 14th there were two Town Hall meetings held in Weiser and Payette. I physically attended both meetings and have audio and video recordings of both. Mr. Hawk made the same statement at the Weiser meeting, that "there are no documented problems from natural gas drilling".

In addition, at the third Senate Resources committee hearing this past Wednesday, Mr. Hawk repeated this ludicrous claim. I was not physically present in the room, but was listening to the live audio stream. I did however have three friends who WERE there in the room when he made this statement.

In fact, it was so egregious that Senator Werk (a geologist) actually called him out on it!

Hope this helps!

Alma
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lambdin1
What's this?
10:55 AM on 02/07/2012
Don't worry. Big Oil and Gas know better than all of us! GREED is a good thing! Just ask those that could do something about this! Mankind will destroy us in its pursuit of GREED!!
ThinkCreeps
Seriously, it's time.
06:58 AM on 02/07/2012
The cleanest place for produced water from conventional wells is back down into the reservoir it came from. That's difficult for shale gas, as there isn't a readily permeable reservoir involved. Increasing the amount of oil that can be extracted by injecting water is also a well-established practice. The obvious alternatives would seem to be dumping it into rivers, or letting it evaporate in ponds, neither of which seems like a great idea.

Carefully chosen disposal wells should be fine to use, and unless there is a huge fault through the injected area, there should be a modest upper limit to the size of an earthquake that can result - hence the 4.0 in OH, which apparently took place in an area that was rather more faulted than ideal for this purpose.
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Sister Bluebird
09:36 AM on 02/07/2012
They put the injection wells in Okla on the Nemaha Ridge/ Humboldt fault.

Thanks Guys! Love the new texture in my walls! You rock!
ThinkCreeps
Seriously, it's time.
09:40 AM on 02/07/2012
Mistakes are certainly made.

Have you tried to get the guys to buy you some new walls?
D-Driller
my micro-bio is empty
12:13 AM on 02/07/2012
Taking a look at the geology is a good idea for disposal well placement. In fact, there is a lot of opportunity for people who own land/subsurface leases in areas that are deemed suitable. That's only good business - put the wells where they make the least impact.
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blackraisin
Life, Liberty, Property.
06:44 PM on 02/06/2012
Man-made earthquakes? Are these any like those government-created Hurricanes like Katrina?
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bbrown37
Wherever you go, there you are
09:20 AM on 02/07/2012
The weather-machine that generated Katrina was privately owned by George W. Bush, this is known.
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doubleB
05:55 PM on 02/06/2012
Unfortunately, banning fracking would effectively put the "kabosh" on enhanced geothermal, in addition to shale natural gas. Geothermal (along with tidal) are really the only sources of non-intermittent renewables there are. Sure, we should definitely make companies disclose the chemicals in their fracking fluids, and regulate them appropriately, imposing fines and / or banning them if they don't comply. But I'm convinced we can control the tremors through methods that oil companies use today, involving water pressure and temperature, and taking into account the geology you're drilling into.

So we shouldn't effectively "throw the baby with the bathwater" by banning fracking outright. Taking a non-level-headed approach would effectively make us no better than the global warming deniers and the coal / oil / chamber of commerce / wall street journal / faux news / business-as-usual / dittoheads we criticize for being ignorant in the first place.
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mhh310351
Roosevelt Democrat
11:10 PM on 02/06/2012
every form of energy has it's draw backs.

As President Obama says all the above.
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Chris Salmon
Geologist and Computer Scientist
07:21 PM on 02/08/2012
These quakes have nothing to do with hydraulic fracturing and couldn't be used as a reason to ban it.
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phal4875
The world is run by cats; we just feed them.
03:49 PM on 02/06/2012
"Fracking" sounds like a near-swear: "I just broke my fracking toe," for example.
03:12 PM on 02/06/2012
One more time. They've been fracking for the past 15 years. america is becoming the No. 1 gas supplier in the world. world prices have dropped almost 50%. the volume of natural gas available through fracking is staggering. it is a clean resource. name 1 significant injury caused by fracking in 15 years of operation.
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phal4875
The world is run by cats; we just feed them.
03:50 PM on 02/06/2012
I cannot do so, but I would hate to ever get fracked.
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ultrawiz
Holding the Middle Ground
04:53 PM on 02/06/2012
How about tap water in people's kitchen sinks being flammable? Or is it natural where you live to be able to light water on fire? And then there are those pesky earthquakes that begin happpening when fracking is introduced. But as long as someone is making the almighty buck to hell with a clean safe environment, right?
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doubleB
06:02 PM on 02/06/2012
We should force companies to disclose their chemicals and regulate / ban accordingly. This is a no-brainer and industry insiders know it, and it's outright criminal they're dodging the issue.

But earthquakes can be controlled by regulating water temperature and pressure, depending on the geology they're drilling into. There are also theories that once you release the "potential energy" in the ground, the tremors will become smaller and smaller.

We shouldn't throw the baby out with the bathwater. Banning fracking means we ban enhanced geothermal too, which is one of the most promising, non-intermittent, universally-applicable renewable technologies there is. And we aren't going to replace traditional sources with intermittent renewables, which don't line up exactly with demand peaks, unless we have clean and sustainable storage (not here yet) or backup "peaker" natural gas plants.

We need to have a level-headed approach to this, or we're no better than the climate deniers or right-wing nitwits we constantly criticize.
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Chris Salmon
Geologist and Computer Scientist
05:57 AM on 02/07/2012
"How about tap water in people's kitchen sinks being flammable? "

Do you have an example of this? NOT the one in "Gasland" because when that was investigated by actual environmental scientists of the Colorado Dept. of Natural Resources and NOT a theater kid from New York City, it was determined that it was biogenic gas not associated with oil & gas development. Probably from the FOUR coal beds the water well penetrated at shallow depths.

" And then there are those pesky earthquake­s that begin happpening when fracking is introduced­."

This, too is incorrect, as the seismic activity doesn't coincide with hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic fracturing was never thought by anyone to be causal. In fact the wells being investigated as possibly related were never hydraulically fractured at all! They're not even gas wells! They're wastewater disposal wells, which are used throughout the world for dozens of other purposes in addition to frac flowback disposal. Obviously, there's not much cause for alarm, as if a high pressure injection well is inadvertantly drilled into a fault zone (often previously unknown) and is causing problems, you simply plug that well and move to a different location.

Furthermore this frac flowback disposal problem is about to be solved by treating frac flowback to distilled-water purity and re-using it. As this technology, and waterless hydraulic fracturing, spread in the oil field the issue of disposal well related fault slippage becomes irrelevant.
01:21 PM on 02/06/2012
Hey Chicken-little.. You data for Arkansas is WAY flawed!!! Ther were having earthquakes back in 1982 before ANY hoizontal drilling or hydor-facki.ng
Additionally, many of the "toxic elements" you mention occur deep within the formations drilled through. Get your facts straight before you scream "Fire!" in the movie theater!!
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RedneckDem
The top 1% stole my made in china bootstraps
01:29 PM on 02/06/2012
Do a little more research and look at the averages before fracking and after. The increase, as coinciding with fracking, is amazing. Now apply the common sense you seem to be lacking and think about what should happen if you frack upon a known fault line. sheesh...
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Chris Salmon
Geologist and Computer Scientist
06:01 AM on 02/07/2012
Except these wells were never hydraulically fractured and aren't gas wells. Hydraulic fracturing was never blamed by anyone for any of this seismic activity. No one even thinks that if they read about it.
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sandyinalabama
Prejudices are what fools use for reason.
01:47 PM on 02/06/2012
don't you mean fire from your kitchen faucet?!?
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Chris Salmon
Geologist and Computer Scientist
06:02 AM on 02/07/2012
Do you have an example of this? NOT the one in "Gasland" because when that was investigat­ed by actual environmen­tal scientists of the Colorado Dept. of Natural Resources and NOT a theater kid from New York City, it was determined that it was biogenic gas not associated with oil & gas developmen­t. Probably from the FOUR coal beds the water well penetrated at shallow depths.
01:18 PM on 02/06/2012
Notice the author doesn't ID the damage caused by these earhquakes. There was none. Very, very minor incidents. They've been fracing for years with no significant damage.
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RedneckDem
The top 1% stole my made in china bootstraps
01:31 PM on 02/06/2012
So...we should just keep our head in the sand until something bad (and predictable) happens? I guess the well poisoning andother issues are just as fake, eh?
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doubleB
06:08 PM on 02/06/2012
Nope you're right. We should just keep using coal and nukes, while building up an (intermittent) renewable infrastructure (thereby mining and extracting more resources) that isn't going to offset squat.

Natural gas can be used for "peaker" plants, ramped up and down quickly, and back up renewables when the sun isn't shining or wind isn't blowing. Until we have cheap and sustainable storage technologies, or pull geothermal and tidal out of their "redheaded stepchild" status, this is pretty much our only option. Either that or keep up business-as-usual with the coal and nuke plants. We have to transition to something.
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Chris Salmon
Geologist and Computer Scientist
06:08 AM on 02/07/2012
"I guess the well poisoning andother issues are just as fake, eh?"

Yes, that is correct.

Pennsylvania State Study Shows Hydraulic Fracturing Does Not Harm Aquifers or Water Supplies

http://www.cst.net/geoscience/oil-business/123-new-pa-study-shows-fracking-doesnt-damage-aquifers
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Sister Bluebird
01:59 PM on 02/06/2012
Continual minor damage to homes and businesses add up. And in Oklahoma, it has raised our insurance rates.

When people in my family had damage to their homes, the state didn't fix it, the drillers didn't fix it. The home owners fixed it and on their own dime. That adds up, And when that happens to families on fixed incomes, it quickly becomes a hardship.
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tacevad
American SS Card Carrying Socialist
01:09 PM on 02/06/2012
all water used should be treated until it is as pure as it was before it was used, the true cost of raping the planet must be paid before profit is sucked out of it.
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doubleB
06:10 PM on 02/06/2012
Amen. This is the most level-headed comment I've seen on here.

Make companies disclose their chemicals, and then regulate / ban if they don't comply. This is a no-brainer. But we shouldn't just outright ban it, without thinking about the consequences.
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CanadaStan
Cogito ergo spud, I think, therefore I yam
07:19 PM on 02/06/2012
Rape?
Maybe mother Earth shouldn't dress so provocatively!

OOOHHH Baby, shake that mountain range!
01:02 PM on 02/06/2012
The solution for fraccing pollution is waterless fraccing; Gasfrac has done over a 1000 fracs with gelled propane; you don’t need any water; you don’t produce any waste fluids (no need for injection wells); no need to flare (no CO2 emissions); truck traffic is cut to a trickle from 900 trips per well for water fraccing to 30 with propane fracs; and on top of that the process increases oil and gas production; it is a win for the industry, a win for the community and a win for the environment.
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doubleB
06:12 PM on 02/06/2012
So there's no danger of injecting propane into the water table?

Sounds a little too good to be true, if you ask me....
08:45 PM on 02/06/2012
It is good and true; google LPG fracturing and you will find all the information you need.

Regards,
Nawar
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BobHiggins
Living on the brink of was.
12:04 PM on 02/06/2012
There is nothing good about fracking, from beginning to end, except for the most important thing which is further bloated profits for the oil and gas industry at public expense.
01:35 PM on 02/06/2012
The gas released by fracking is a very clean inexpensive fuel source that significantly decreases our dependence on foreign fuel.
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sandyinalabama
Prejudices are what fools use for reason.
01:48 PM on 02/06/2012
thank you for that insight, ANGA.
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parlimentMike
Terrorists keep you in fear
02:00 PM on 02/06/2012
But what about our future dependence on foreign water once we've polluted ours with fracking?

Solar and wind can do the same energy job without despoiling America.