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Ron Prosor

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The Middle East's Greatest Untold Story

Posted: 07/05/2012 7:54 pm

This month the United Nations marks World Refugee Day, a star-studded, multimedia campaign to raise awareness about the plight of refugees. Celebrities like Angelina Jolie have cut video spots that will be broadcast on television and spread on social media. Millions will participate in events spanning five continents, from concerts in London to a film festival in Beirut to a bike race in Ecuador. Yet mention of one group of refugees will be noticeably absent from any of these activities: the 850,000 Jews expelled from Arab countries during the past six decades. Their history remains one of the 20th century's greatest untold stories.

At the end of World War II, 850,000 Jews lived in Arab countries. Just 8,500 remain today. Their departure was no accident. After Arab leaders failed to annihilate Israel militarily in 1948, they launched a war of terror, incitement, and expulsion to decimate their own ancient Jewish communities.

In Iraq Jewish businessman Shafiq Adas, then the country's wealthiest citizen, was immediately arrested on trumped-up charges and publicly lynched. This was followed by bombings targeting Jewish institutions, arbitrary arrests of Jewish leaders, and massive government seizures of property. Within years virtually all of Iraq's 2,500-year-old Jewish community had fled, emptying the country of many of its greatest artists, musicians, and businessmen.

Similar scenes played out across the region, from Egypt to Syria to Libya to Yemen. State-sanctioned pogroms descended on Jewish neighborhoods, killing innocents and destroying ancient synagogues and Jewish cemeteries. New, draconian laws prevented Jews from public worship, forced them to carry Jewish identity cards, and seized billions of dollars in their property and assets. The total area of land confiscated from Jews in Arab countries amounts to nearly 40,000 square miles -- about five times the size of Israel's entire land mass.

The vast majority of these Jewish refugees came to Israel, nearly doubling its population. Most entered the Land of Milk and Honey with no milk, no honey, and no money. They were embraced with full citizenship rights and ambitious programs for integration, rising to the highest levels of society.

The years have passed, but the injustice inflicted upon these Jewish refugees continues. Many around the world have remained silent and complicit as Arab governments have sought to erase all memory of their stories.

Nowhere is this revisionist history clearer than in the halls of the United Nations. Year after year Palestinian refugees attract more attention and resources at the U.N. than Britney Spears at a paparazzi convention, yet not a single syllable about the Jewish refugees expelled from Arab countries can be found in any of the 1,088 U.N. resolutions on the Middle East or the 172 U.N. resolutions dedicated to Palestinian refugees.

While Arab leaders have found a refuge from reality at the U.N., they have been unable to outrun the consequences of religious and sectarian persecution, incitement, and violence at home. In the rubble of Aleppo's former Jewish neighborhoods, Assad's Allawite-led regime continues to brutally suppress Syria's Sunni-led uprising. In Egypt mobs burn Coptic Christian churches in the same way that they attacked synagogues years ago. In Baghdad, where Jews once constituted a third of the population, Sunnis and Shiites remain pitted against each other after years of bloodshed.

Forging a peaceful future in the Middle East will require Arab governments to finally learn the lessons of their pasts. They must build inclusive societies that protect minorities and offer everyone a seat at the decision-making table.

The first steps toward true pluralism will come when Arab countries acknowledge the history of persecution and intolerance in their own lands. They should start by unearthing the 850,000 untold stories of Jews ripped from their ancient homes.

The historic Jewish presence in the Arab World must be recognized. The grave injustices inflicted upon them must be acknowledged. The crimes committed against them must be rectified.

Ron Prosor is Israel's Ambassador to the United Nations.

 
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11:29 AM on 07/15/2012
Great article. Interesting on how there is never a mention of European Jewish refugees. My father was a farmer, as were his parents, grandparents and great grandparents in what is now the Ukraine. They farmed over 2,000 acres. In March 1944 (only 4 years before Israel's war for Independence) the Hungarians and Nazis came to arrest them and deport them. That was the last day they lived on their farm. When my father went back after surviving Auschwitz- Birkenau, Dachau he found that the government took our land and homes and gave them to private citizens. What about my parent's and my refugee status, not to mention millions of Jews who survived the Holocaust only to find themselves in the same situation? The difference is that the Jews of Europe and the Arab countries quietly went on with their lives. Israel took in most of the Jewish-Arab refugees & cared for them. In the U.S. and other countries private Jewish NGO's like HIAS and the JDC cared for European and FSU Jews. Contrast that to Arab oil rich countries who have keep the Palestinians, most of whom fled voluntarily in 1948, (on the advice of the Arab countries who promised they would drive the Jews into the sea) permanent refugees. Every Arab country (except) Jordan has refused them citizenship and they are relegated to second class status. They don't give a damn about the Palestinians except as a weapon and open sore to be used politically against Israel.
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fuster
"The fuster we go, the rounder we get"
11:18 PM on 07/23/2012
good, good comment
02:53 AM on 07/15/2012
My mother, Rita, of Jewish Libyan origin, lived in Libya until being exiled in 1967.
When she was little, her mother, my grandmother, was the nursing mother of a young Muslim baby, about my mother's age, because her mother couldn't feed her and there was no such thing as "breastmilk substitute".
She and my mom became good friends, but grew apart as the years passed because they went to different high schools.
Still, when the authorities in Libya gave the masses permission for 48 hours of violence, that young women, formerly breastfed by my grandma, pointed the crowd towards my mother's family hiding place, and urged them to "burn the place with a bottle of gasoline".
Even at 60, my mother remembers that heartless women TO THIS DAY, and she will never forget how cruel can Muslims be.
NEITHER WILL I.
02:41 PM on 07/10/2012
I like what White Hall -- Great Britain's Foreign Ministry -- is proposing that all claims for compensation just be dropped. By both the Palestinians and the Mizrahim, because holding on to it, is just impeding the creation of a two-state solution. Before World War I, Armenians in the Ottoman Empire took out insurance from American insurance companies. When they were forced to leave their homes, to be marched out into the desert, their descendants today are still battling those insurance companies for compensation. Some things can be looked back at, but some are just rectified by looking forward.
12:58 PM on 07/09/2012
Israel & Palestine are such tiny countries that most of the world has no idea of where one starts and the other ends... yet they have been fighting for centuries. Get over it!
07:42 AM on 07/10/2012
"tiny countries ... fighting for centuries"

What a bunch of nonsense.

Modern Israel only exists as a country since 1948, and Palestine doesn't exist at all (and has *never* existed) as a country.

In fact, before 1948, there was not even such a thing as a "Palestinian people".
All Arabs were just known simply as "Arabs", and "Palestine" was a generic, non-ethnical name for that patch of land (it was arbitrarily chosen by the British, who in turn copied it from the Ancient Romans who used to call that general area "Province of Palestine" over 2000 years ago when it was still inhabited by Jews and not a single Arab had settled there yet).

Until the end of World War I, the land had belonged to the Ottoman Empire (which was neither Arab *nor* Jewish).

After World War I, the term "Palestinian" was used as a generic identifier for "people who currently live in the patch of land which the British dubbed Palestine", i.e. it was used for Jewish and Arab and all other inhabitants alike.

In 1923, the eastern 80% of the British mandate of Palestine was separated off, purged of Jews, and established as a pure-Arab country (now known as "Jordan").
Accordingly, the name "Palestinian" then shifted to only include the inhabitants of the remaining western 20% of the land, but it was still used for *all* inhabitants independently of their ethnicity and origin.
07:43 AM on 07/10/2012
Only after 1948, when Israel was founded on around 50% of the remaining western 20% of the land, did Arabs and their supporters start to establish the term "Palestinian" as a name exclusively for the *Arabs* who happened to end up in that western 20% of the land, and started claiming that they were a "sovereign people" with an exclusive "historical right" to the western 20% of the land.

(This is especially staggering, seeing as how the majority of those Arabs who happened to live in that land by 1948 and are now hence called "the Palestinians", only immigrated into the land *after 1850* from other Arab countries - i.e. during the same time when most of the Jewish inhabitants immigrated.)

And so began the narrative of the "Palestinian people" whose "ancient homeland" was "invaded" by the "evil Jews", which Anti-zionists have repeated over and over again so many times that the majority of the world's media audience has started believing it.
(The current generation of Palestinian youth seriously believes it as well, since they have been force-fed this propaganda since birth.)
09:39 PM on 07/08/2012
A lot of the comments on here just prove how prevalent anti-Semitism is today and always will be. The singling out of Israel's actions to defend herself and painting it as atrocities is proof. The unacknowledgement of Arabic crimes to humanity and painting them as victims of an "Israeli war machine" is proof. I am sickened by this hate, especially when it is veiled in moral uprightness.
04:47 AM on 07/08/2012
Little known fact: The UNRWA definition of a Palestinian refugee is a person "whose normal place of residence was Palestine between June 1946 and May 1948, who lost both their homes and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 Arab-Israeli conflict".

The 1948 War of independence started on May 15 1948, when the one day-old country of Israel was simultaneously attacked by all its neighboring Arab states. It lasted 13 months. Why then are Arab Palestinian refugees defined as only those displaced BEFORE the beginning of war, not those displaced DURING the conflict? Easy: the Arabs were forewearned by their leaders and were offered shelters by their neighbors, resulting in a massive Arab Palestinian exodus before May 1948. But no one would offer Jews shelter prior to the creation of Israel on May 14th, so the exodus of Jews from Arab lands, including the Arab partition of Palestine, occurred during the war and, thus, after May 1948. The UNRWA definition, adopted after the end of the conflict, was carefully crafted so as not to be textually racist, yet to exclude Jews.

Thus, the 1,500 Palestinian Jews of East Jerusalem who were forcefully expelled by the Jordanians soon after they took that territory missed the UNRWA cut-off date by a few days and have never been recognized as Palestinian refugees.

For millennia, Jews have embodied the concept of refugee, yet the UN has never granted refugee status to any group of Jew anywhere at any time.
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Just because...
10:44 AM on 07/08/2012
F&F Very well said.
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09:14 PM on 07/08/2012
f&f
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Jerusalem Palestine
09:50 PM on 07/07/2012
So sad that an Israeli ambassador spreads these untruths. It is common knowledge that the newly formed Israeli government used the services of Irgun to scare the Iraqi Jews for example into leaving Iraq for the newly formed state. They needed to expand the census of Jews in Israel and the most obvious option was to "convince" the large population of Arab Jews to emigrate. The Arab Jews had no reason to leave their homes where they had lived peacefully for hundreds or even thousand plus years. Israel itself has now admitted that they actively terrorized these Arab Jews into thinking that their lives were in danger. Just as Israel indicated at the time and still states today that Palestine was an uninhabited land, they can spread these falsehoods that Arab Jews were expelled from their homes by their home countries. No one can be duped my these untruths any longer.
04:15 AM on 07/08/2012
The Irgun made up the mob of thousands that killed hundreds of Jews in the 1941 Baghdad Farhud? The Irgun stripped thousands of Jews of their Iraqi citizenship in 1951? The Irgun killed 11 of the 50 remaining Jews of Baghdad in 1969?

Your hatred of Israel is making you go crazy.
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austinreid
Cheers, Prost, Campai, L'chayim
02:11 PM on 07/08/2012
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Iraq#Modern_Iraq
So sad that people believe such lies Jews move when they are persecuted. The persicution of the Jews in Iraq began in the In the 1930s. In the 1930s, the situation of the Jews in Iraq deteriorated. Previously, the growing Iraqi Arab nationalist sentiment included Iraqi Jews as fellow Arabs[citation needed], but these views changed with the introduction of Nazi propaganda and the ongoing conflict in the Palestinian Mandate. Despite protestations of their loyalty to Iraq, Iraqi Jews were increasingly subject to discrimination and harsh laws. On August 27, 1934 many Jews were dismissed from public service[citation needed], and quotas were set up in colleges and universities. Zionist activities were banned, as was the teaching of Jewish history and Hebrew in Jewish schools[citation needed]. Following the collapse of Rashid Ali's pro-Axis coup, the Farhud ("violent dispossession") pogrom of June 1 and 2, 1941, broke out in Baghdad in which approximately 200 Jews were murdered (some sources put the number higher[citation needed]), and up to 2,000 injured—damages to property were estimated at $3 million. There was also looting in many other cities at around the same time. Afterwards, Zionist emissaries from Palestine were sent to teach Iraqi Jews self-defense, which they were eager to learn. (Simon, Reguer, and Laskier, p 364)
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JoshInPgh
Pro-Jewish, no matter the censors.
08:30 PM on 07/07/2012
www.unmemovie.com
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
just a voice here
Just because...
07:48 PM on 07/07/2012
I was watching the History Channel about American television sports journalist, Jim McKay and the 1972 Olympic. When talking about the Israeli Olympic hostages, NEVER once were the Palestinians Black September terrorists called Palestinians in all the actual News footage. They were always referred as ARABS terrorists or Black September.

In 1972, the News Media never knowledge the Arabs in the Middle East as Palestinians.

Today's News Media will never knowledge the Palestinians for what they are, Arabs!
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HistoryBuffBU
01:42 PM on 07/07/2012
Why does Hezbollah put rockets near civilian areas, thus increasing the likelihood of collateral damage
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tomstedham
Troubled old white guy....
12:47 AM on 07/09/2012
Ummm... speaking as a career military man, I'm gonna make a wild guess that (in Gaza, anyway) it may be because there isn't too much space that ISN'T "near civilian areas"... Something to do with a small space being crammed with expelled ethnically-cleansed people, as I recall.

Also, again speaking from a military perspective, it may have something to do with the vast amount of cameras and satellite intel access that Israel has (thanks to billions of US tax dollars), plus drones, and other aircraft, that constantly "surveil" the area, picking out... let's call them "targets".

A man (terrorist, if you want to call him that) carrying a weapon in an open area would probably be spotted rather quickly, bringing down a drone strike, etc...

And, I don't have the pics in front of me, but I seem to remember reading that quite a few ISRAELI military bases, outposts, guard shacks, etc. (let's call them "targets", just to be funny) are "near civilian areas"... A little bird reminded me that the HQ of Mossad or military intelligence, or one of those spy groups is in fact located in the heart of a major Israeli city...

So... why does Israel put rockets and planes and tanks and soldiers, all legitimate "targets" of a resistance movement, near civilian areas, thus increasing the likelihood of collateral damage???
02:21 AM on 07/15/2012
As a career military man - you do know that Hezbollah is based in Lebanon, and not in Gaza? Lebanon, by the way, has its own army, completely seperated and somewhat rivaled to Hezbollah, the latter being an illegal Shi'ite armed organization. But, as a career military man, I guess you already knew it.
04:26 AM on 07/15/2012
hey,
1. Israel don't have any presence in Gaza strip, so why the terrorist are still firing rockets to civilian areas? you can respond as a civilian or as a military man. i think it named as a"terror".. remember 9/11? it was a resistance movement also?
2. US didn't gave to Israel a nickle for free, and amount of cameras and satellite intel access are paid only from Israeli defense budget, not US! by the way, US also helping to several Arab countries, including Saudis, i don't remember that Israel attacked US.
3. im sorry to say that but if you are a military man, you probably not a sharp one, maybe a jar-head... because if you saying that attacking civilians without any reason as a resistance movement, you justify terror.
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HistoryBuffBU
01:40 PM on 07/07/2012
Israel has a better hdi than France,Uk, and Belgium and has the best in the region.
05:19 AM on 07/07/2012
"The historic Jewish presence in the Arab World must be recognized. The grave injustices inflicted upon them must be acknowledged. The crimes committed against them must be rectified."

Truth and reconciliation is a noble exercise that can bring closure to a traumatic event. However, Prosor demands it for one-side only. While he makes his egregious demands, Israel is already stoking the flames for another war in Lebanon. Below is an excerpt from Haaretz (5th July 2012):

[The commander of the IDF's 91st Division, Brigardier-General Hertzi Halevy] "The Goldstone report will pale in comparison to what will be here next time. There is no choice but to fight against the enemy where he is, and that is in the heart of a populated area. "

http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/senior-idf-officer-israel-is-preparing-for-the-next-lebanon-war-1.449126

How many more refugees will there be escaping Israel's murderous rampage in Southern Lebanon? Does Israel not remember the fact that it murdered over 1000 civilians in its shameful 2006 Invasion?
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austinreid
Cheers, Prost, Campai, L'chayim
11:32 AM on 07/07/2012
Oh I don’t know would it be more than the thousands of Christian Lebanese Israel graciously allowed to settle in her territory so they would not be massacred by their Muslim neighbors? The wars in Lebanon have for the most part been caused by the internal conflicts of the Lebanese themselves just one more example of how people blame Israel for all that goes wrong in the Middle East. The 2006 campaign was a direct result of years of Hezbollah bombarding northern Israeli towns and cities.
07:08 AM on 07/08/2012
"Prosor demands it for one-side only." Exactly! He wrote a one-sided article to point out the equally one-sided UN politics when discussing refugees : Palestinians only, Palestinians always.

That was the point of this article and you missed it entirely.
02:29 PM on 07/08/2012
It was a polemic not an article! Right now there are millions of UN-registered Palestinian refugees, internationally-recognised as such. Prosor's weepy fiction is just another attempt to deflect attention from the humanitarian catastrophe that Israel created in 1947-48.
03:33 AM on 07/07/2012
"The historic Jewish presence in the Arab World must be recognized. The grave injustices inflicted upon them must be acknowledged. The crimes committed against them must be rectified."

What needs to be recognised by 'the West' are the grave injustices committed by Europeans/Americans on the peoples of the MIddle East since the dawn of the 20th century.

Had Modern Political Zionism never caught on the Levant would've been a lot more peaceful. Consequently, Jews, Muslims and Christians would've lived in peace together. The onus is on Israel to publicly recognise the ethnic cleansing of Palestine during 1947-1948, as well as the practices of evictions, house demolitions and expulsion from land that occurred and occurs in the OPTs from 1967 onwards. There needs to be a public apology for this, and a recognition that the aims of Zionism had always been to displace the non-Jewish population of Palestine.
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yonatan c
11:40 AM on 07/07/2012
With all of the Muslim vs. Muslim violence in the ME, how can you, with a straight face, say the Levant would be more peaceful. There are 2 different Palestinian organizations fighting each other right now.
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BGosh
Certifiably Fatwahfiable
01:44 PM on 07/07/2012
Do you recognize how vapid your thoughts on the Middle East actually are?

If you can't see that, Toots, then you don't see much.
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tallen
panem et circenses
09:01 PM on 07/06/2012
>>"Nowhere is this revisionist history clearer than in the halls of the United Nations."

No one really takes the UN seriously any more.
It's become a cesspool of third world autocracies united in one agenda to disrupt and corrupt any meager movement towards freedom and liberal democracy.

It is now a circus where Iran is appoint to the Commission on Women's Rights and the worst abusers of human rights such as Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Syria, China, etc., are appointed the overseers of the world's human rights.

The organization is far beyond its shelf life and free democracies would do well to form an entirely new organization and send the old one packing to meet in Mogadishu.
03:34 AM on 07/07/2012
I think Prosor is just bitter because he has no friends in New York.
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AJ Raalte
Israel forever - warts and all.
03:13 PM on 07/07/2012
What a silly remark, EVSW.
07:00 AM on 07/08/2012
Nice dream you have!
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just a voice here
Just because...
06:27 PM on 07/06/2012
Since 1949 the United Nations has passed more than a hundred resolutions on Palestinian refugees and not a single one on Jewish refugees from Arab countries. The UN makes a clear divide between the "right of return" of millions of refugees even into Israel proper (the pre-1967 borders) and the rights of these Jewish refugees.

Although they exceed the numbers of the Arab refugees, the Jews who fled are a forgotten case. Whereas the former are at the very heart of the peace process with a huge UN bureaucratic machinery dedicated to keeping them in the camps, the nine hundred thousand Jews who were forced out of Arab countries have not been refugees for many years. Most of them, about 650,000, went to Israel because it was the only country that would admit them. Most of them resided in tents that after several years were replaced by wooden cabins, and stayed in what were actually refugee camps for up to twelve years. They never received any aid or even attention from the UN Relief And Works Agency (UNRWA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, or any other international agency. Although their plight was raised almost every year at the UN by Israeli representatives, there was never any other reference to their case at the world body.
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erehwon2
09:48 PM on 07/06/2012
I think part of the reason they never were considered refugees is because Israel, not wanting Jews ever even to appear to be anyone's victim again, especially so soon after the Holocaust, never made an issue of it. They welcomed the refugees immediately and worked hard to absorb them into their new country. It's a shame the Arab countries didn't do the same for their people.
03:38 AM on 07/07/2012
There are no Jewish refugees. Israel encouraged them to come to boost the Jewish demographic balance in Palestine. Israel's Jewish character is entirely dependent on Jewish migration.
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yonatan c
11:41 AM on 07/07/2012
there are no Palestinian refugees either then. That is fine.
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austinreid
Cheers, Prost, Campai, L'chayim
11:58 AM on 07/07/2012
That is like saying the prime motivation for the Jews of the Russian Empire to move to America in the 1880’s was rumors that America was a land where the streets were paved with gold and no one went hungry and not the Czarist Programs that killed hundreds. Jews move when they are persecuted Israel may very well have put out advertisements about the opportunities in the new Jewish state but I guarantee you what made the Jews move was the riots going on against them and their business and synagogues being burnt down.