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Rosabeth Moss Kanter

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To Create Jobs, Break The ICE -- Innovate, Collaborate, Educate

Posted: 06/24/2012 3:15 pm

Bill Clinton often says that there's nothing wrong with America that can't be fixed by what's right with America. Even in tough times, the U.S. has enormous assets. Yet, sometimes our brainpower, innovations, business and human capital are underutilized when they remain frozen in silos, disconnected from one another. Regions with lower unemployment and greater growth prospects break the ice by finding the connections between innovation, collaboration, and education -- a flow of resources to create, attract, and grow jobs.

For example, Milwaukee is attracting fame and jobs as one of three global water hubs. Starting just before the financial crisis, business and civic leaders identified water as a theme linking older manufacturers (plumbing supplies, controls), local food entrepreneurs, and scientists at the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee. Subsequent investments grew their strengths. UWM built the nation's first graduate school of Freshwater Sciences. Labs are linked to business incubators and industries of the future. Startup companies see water opportunities; Sweet Water Organics grows perch and tilapia along with salad greens (a process called acquaponics) in an abandoned factory. This is spawning (pun intended) an industry providing healthy snacks to public school kids and science curricula to teachers.

The keys to breaking the ice:

Innovate to build enterprises.

Getting ideas out of the ivory tower and into enterprises requires both excellence in particular fields and collaborations to move innovations quickly. In Albany, the state university's nanoscience expertise has attracted a consortium of semiconductor companies working on collaborative research, bringing facilities and jobs to the area, and encouraging students to start related enterprises.

Perhaps we should measure colleges by not only the jobs their graduates get but also the jobs their graduates create. Rather than leave entrepreneurship to stealth all-nighters by the next Bill Gates, Michael Dell, or Mark Zuckerberg (who dropped out), new programs make it legit. In its first two years alone, University of Miami's LaunchPad, since emulated elsewhere, attracted 1,000 students and resulted in 45 new businesses. In general, according to a University of Michigan study, ventures nurtured in university-based incubators have an average five-year survival rate of 75%, much higher than the recent national average of 47%, and create jobs that tend to remain in the host region.

Connect the chains.

Once enterprises start, they need customers. Becoming a corporate supplier can produce significant growth for companies. About 70% of respondents to a Center for an Urban Future survey who became a supplier to a large company grew jobs by an average of two-and-a-half times by two years after the relationship began. Besides direct purchasing, big companies that invest in promising startups enhance their growth through mentoring and introductions to other customers, including internationally. The big companies can get first dibs on innovative ideas and better U.S. suppliers, helping bring jobs back to the U.S.

But access for small companies is difficult. To facilitate, IBM (a company to which I consult) created Supplier Connection, a Web portal resembling a universal college application. Several dozen big companies, representing over $160 billion in spending, are open to thousands of small and mid-sized businesses with the help of the SBA.

Verizon's Innovation Center in Waltham, Massachusetts, hosts about 80 other companies to develop industry-transformation projects running on 4G LTE networks -- taking technology out of the phone and into cars, bicycles, or refrigerators -- and sometimes links big and small, such as the "connected home" model that involved Hitachi, LG, and a seven-person startup called 4-Home.

Examples like these can be the basis for a national campaign to encourage big companies to help small businesses grow.

Educate for jobs.

An estimated one-third of U.S. unemployment is due to a mismatch between skills and available jobs. This is particularly true for so-called middle skill jobs, that require more than a high school diploma but less than a college degree. Many are well-paying occupations such as software engineering, advanced manufacturing, or medical technicians that support growth industries.

Community colleges, the source of such training, have been weak links, with high dropout rates (in Chicago, under 10% finish the two years of post-secondary education within six years). But when connected to employers and job skills, performance improves. Michigan's No Worker Left Behind program guarantees two years of free tuition toward an associate's degree and works closely with industry; in its first evaluation, 72% of 62,000 participants had found a new job or retained the current one.

In Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, over half of those under 22 pursue an apprenticeship to learn a skilled trade; the U.S. number is under 4%. But in South Carolina, a small employer tax incentive of $1,000 per apprentice is adding to the stock and helping make the state the "Akron of America" as the new tire manufacturing capital.

Let's redefine "vocational education" as an attractive pathway to jobs of the future. A promising model is the new six-year high school in New York City, P-Tech (Pathways in Technology Early College High School), a partnership between the public schools, community college, and IBM, which provides mentors from the beginning and a promise of a job interview upon completing grade 14 with an associate's degree. (New York is adding five more, and Chicago is starting its own with a range of technology companies.)

National service programs are also a way to build links to work. They create direct jobs while teaching useful skills. YouthBuild turns at-risk youth into construction workers and green building experts. City Year (on whose board I serve) provides "near-peer" corps members to work in schools with dropout prone youth; many corps members go on to become teachers. Citizen Schools offers unpaid apprenticeships to middle school students, connecting them with the world of work and raising their aspirations.

Breaking the ice requires leaders in a region to work together to reinforce links across silos and sectors. If one part of the ecosystem dries up, it hurts the rest. To keep America strong and Americans working, opportunity must flow to everyone.

 
 
 

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07:55 PM on 06/25/2012
Excellent ideas Rosabeth, but I think we keep missing the point when we promote "innovation" and "start-ups." Innovation is very incremental and start-ups don't necessarily create jobs.

America's economic problems stem from our inability to solve major problems. Too much of innovation-speak is about making something a little better, not fixing it. Job creation only comes from "demand." Any suggestion to the contrary misses the objective - employing people to do something useful. In this regard, government programs have failed miserably. Incentives create false hope by providing enough money to rent a job or prevent a job from being eliminated. It's temporary.

I agree with you we should focus on new ideas, but what kind of ideas? We have a long history of ignoring (and only servicing) many of our most important problems - clean, affordable energy, new schools/education systems, reliable and affordable agriculture, attainable urban living and even more efficient/effective charitable giving. Solving these problems, which all have significant and measurable demand will create jobs. Millions of jobs.

The latest government Plan for jobs "hopes" to create 1 million jobs in the next 3 years at a cost of $500 billion - that's $500,000 per new job. This is completely insignificant and incredibly expensive. As many as 30 million people seek jobs.

If we focus on demand and economically-viable solutions we can create millions of jobs.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xj3Zc-SF0YE&feature=g-upl

Http://www.solutioneur.com
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Soc3947
Repeal Obama care because the IRS is corrupt
06:37 PM on 06/25/2012
Most ideas come out of a garage not an ivory tower.....
03:57 PM on 06/25/2012
I agree with the ideas of combining unemployed with companies that need skilled workers makes sense. But I also listen to NPR's interview with companies who don't feel that it's their job to train employees. Their remark was a hospital doesn't train doctors at cost to the hospital to work there so why should we train employees?? Of course they were talking about high-tech. manufacturing but still in this high unempolyment enviroment there is alot of competition for jobs. The need for employees to start working with feet on the ground running is what they want!!
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Ally Solver
Problem Solver Extraordinaire
12:47 PM on 06/25/2012
Some random thoughts. Isolated uses of intelligence/brainpower. No intelligence/brainpower in government. Too many people not making contributions wanting handouts. Everybody thinking the world works like they want it to. People wanting easy handouts instead of working for what they get. Misplaced democracy. democracy destroying intelligent decision making.

The solutions are available, but no one wants them.

The facts no one wants to read.
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mochaview
My micro-bio approves boycotting corporations
07:40 PM on 06/25/2012
Here's another random thought: People who were laid off in 2008, 2009, 2010, have maxed out their unemployment insurance, CANNOT find a job to save their lives because CORPORATIONS WITH THEIR PRE-RECESSION LEVEL PROFITS REFUSE TO HIRE PEOPLE, and If you are currently unemployed we're told to NOT EVEN BOTHER TO APPLY, cannot find jobs although they possess degrees, excellent experience, professional presentation. Should we starve to death or commit suicide, would that suit you better?
So, we wind up on public assistance sitting in classes with trainers who cannot handle that we earned triple their salary once and are more educated than them or have no criminal records and have an excellent command of the American English language. Then we're subjected to working for free under the WEP(Worker Experience Program)designed for people who have no experience in cleaning parks, public toilets, subways, etc. This the reality of what we live.
We don't want handouts we want jobs or financing for starting our own companies. Sorry but the corporations, the job cremators, are enjoying too much high unemployment working in their favor and it's about time the citizenry repeat the Boston Tea Party (not the Koch Bros tea party) and start boycotting the corporations that insert themselves in politics and our personal lives where they don't belong.
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Ally Solver
Problem Solver Extraordinaire
11:10 AM on 06/26/2012
Rant,whine and cry. Easy is going away. There are people so much more intelligent and hard working that are also without jobs.

You want, you want, you want. Its all about YOU. Since, you are not getting what YOU want, you are playing the blame game.

What can you do for business, the world, anyone?

The structure of the economy is changing, ever more rapidly. People have to adapt/change with it or be left behind.

Nobody owes you anything.

The facts no one wants to read.
12:18 PM on 06/25/2012
No. People in regions with low opportunity need to move.
11:05 AM on 06/25/2012
When I started my career corporations would provide training. Today they don't because they know they can run to the government to get work visas and import foreigners instead. Or they will offshore the work. But free trade is also a government policy and a new one. For most of the US's history we had protectionist policies. Once we switched to free trade we have had to borrow trillions to keep the economy going.

The fact that free trade requires us to borrow trillions to pay the bills just proves that free trade is unsustainable and does NOT work. Ending normalized trade with slave labor communist China is the first thing we need to do. Then end all work visas and end all student visas. We have all the people we need here in the US. Immigration should be cut in half too until unemployment falls below 4%.
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Robert SF
11:01 AM on 06/25/2012
Unfortunately, these are supply-side ideas that have already been proven not to work.

Innovation? Are households sitting on piles of money they're not spending because the things to buy are too old-fashioned and boring? No! Therefore, why would innovation trigger consumer purchases? Besides, innovation basically replaces other things that people already work on. The creation of a new product creates employment but reduces it in the production of the product it replaces.

Education? It's simply not true that a third of our unemployment (about 5,000,000 people) is caused by skills mismatch. If it were true, employers would be training workers and salaries would be rising in those fields. But neither is happening.

The reason unemployment is high is because employers don't need employees, and they don't need employees because business is down, and business is down because people aren't buying stuff, and people aren't buying stuff because they have no money. People have reached the end of their buying power. Americans are already spending all their money, and unlike before, they can no longer spend what they don't have.
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laoshi
my micro-bio is now not empty.
04:14 PM on 06/25/2012
Not only that, after the latest "crash" boomers, if they have a job, are trying to save what little they can for retirement or their kids college. No extra money for anything - vacations, movies, dinner out, etc. gone for many.
10:35 AM on 06/25/2012
End free trade with communist China, end work visas, and end amnesty for illegals. Until you change these policies we will see poverty continue to rise.

Poverty is rising in the US. Infant mortality is also on the rise in the US. The rich are going very well because they have offshored so much of the US's technology to communist China. To keep the system going our government has borrowed trillions. But its a completely unsustainable system. Without borrowing our free trade global economy would collapse. That alone tells you that free trade is unsustainable.
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William1950
everything I say could be wrong.
11:30 PM on 06/24/2012
good ideas and good examples... shrug... education, collaboration, and innovation.... all needed. And why not? cause we are so politicized and polarized that no one wants to entertain the idea that someone else comes up with will help... truthfully we need a lot. and even then we will not ever see full employment ever again... ever. Technological advances in productivity have replaced many jobs... automation, global communication...... we the people of the world will have to learn that we are not enemies.. that our mutual survival will be insured only when we put our heads together and do some of that innovation.... and come up with a more fair economic system than any ever yet tried... globally.
Until we wrap our heads around that we will continue to try one "fix" after another... and people will suffer... because we will not cooperate with one another.
12:19 PM on 06/25/2012
In a fair economic system, a huge number of people would starve.
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William1950
everything I say could be wrong.
12:04 AM on 06/26/2012
in an unfair economic system people would starve.... in a fair system nobody will starve.
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rtx47
09:26 PM on 06/24/2012
Creating the Right Jobs and Economy!

Society's wealth is created and expanded by INVENTIVE and ADDED-ON manfuacturing sectors needing mental and physically hard-skills that Americans, in centuries gone-by, had excelled. In today's economy major players are aero-space, auto, high-tech, computer tech, agriculture and energy sectors.

The "PAPER (transaction) ECONOMY" (that business schools tout) adds little to expand over-all productivity considering its high finance, legal, accounting and adminstrative costs. Many of these layers of public and private bureaucracies are a waste and a drain of societies's wealth and assets.

The increasing "SERVICE" and "HEALTHCARE" and "ENTERTAINMENT" economy adds quality but does not add value to the economy; except that they keep a lot of people employed. These type of economic activity circulates money without significantly contributing to societies' wealth.

Time has arrived that we separate productive economy (like manufactu­ring and those listed above) from non-produc­tive economy (tourism, restaurant­, entertainm­ent, finance etc) that merely services consumers without making consumers significan­tly expand / contribute to a productive economy.

This is the difference between the US economic productivi­ties of the 18th, 19th, 20th century and that of the 21st century.

It is also the difference in the economic productivi­ty of growing economies of Northern Europe and stagnating economies of Southern Europe; which are currently in fiscal crises.

Military economy of a country, while needed, should be classified as non-productive economy. Currently there are 2 milion vacancies for those with the right technical skill sets.
10:40 AM on 06/25/2012
No, the major difference in that before Bill Clinton normalized trade with communist China and signed NAFTA we protected our markets from cheap imports.

During the 19th century the US was the MOST protectionist nation on Earth. That is how we rose to power.
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Aesops
Appearances often are deceiving
08:57 PM on 06/24/2012
What business does matters little as long as the government persists with negative real interest rates. We need to get rid of the misallocation of capital in the economy otherwise everyone is incentivized to take inefficient action. We need a reset and debt destruction and asset deflation.
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Michael D Ballantine
Texas Justice Party - Chairperson
08:11 PM on 06/24/2012
You pretty much state the obvious but ignore the reality. We cannot get companies to create jobs until there is demand for products. Innovation only works when our factories are competitive. We have closed our factories because misguided economists said we can survive on a service economy. We implemented free trade because costs would go down for people with a fixed income forgetting that by eliminating the tax base, we could no longer afford to pay the fixed incomes. Corporations have put their financial interests ahead of our national interest preferring the Chinese and Indian markets where growth is 10% per year against the American market at 3% or stagnant.

Neo-classical economists believe we can tweak the markets into growth or encourage animal spirits all this while the nation continues to deleverage and housing prices fall. It's funny when someone's belief system fails them, but continuing to follow the same economic medicine year after year when it only leads to stagnant wages and little growth borders on insanity. We need a demand driven growth strategy, not a trickle down austerity policy.

We need economic Justice built on prove economic solutions, not the ones proposed by those resoponsible for our crisis. Suppor Rocky Anderson and his reform revolution.
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rtx47
09:34 PM on 06/24/2012
Even with America's manufacturing base replaced by robots on the assembly line and other jobs shipped overseas; we would not be in such a bad unemployment shape if the service and other sectors like finance, education, health-care etc etc, (which we should be good at), worked well.

But:
We ourselves criminally manipulated the banking system.
We ourselves manipulated Wall Street with Hedge Funds, Insider trading and lax enforcement.
We speculated on the market; creating bubbles, for last 2 decades.
We ourselves manipulated home-building and related industries causing the boom and bust.

And:
We ourselves are mismanaging our school and college education system.
We are mismanaging health-care delivery, which could be an international industry.
We are mismanaging energy management which could be an international industry.
We are mismanaging environmental pollution which could be an international industry.
We ourselves are mismanaging our and the world's monetary debt.
We ourselves are mismanaging world peace.
10:38 AM on 06/25/2012
Did we ourselves share in the wealth when we ourselves manipulated the stock markets?! No. So shut up with the double speak. If we didn't all profit then we didn't all rob the bank together.

You must work for the corporate communist because you are repeating their talking point.
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Michael D Ballantine
Texas Justice Party - Chairperson
05:52 PM on 06/27/2012
The service industry is being replaced by computers, too.  We are only mismanaging the economy from the perspective of the middle-class and workers.  If you are one of the top 10%, things are pretty good.
07:50 PM on 06/24/2012
Sweet Water Organics is hardly a job creator, Professor Kantor.
Perhaps you are simply unaware of what is public record: 12 at or near minimum (non-living) wage positions. These 'jobs' include the owners, who were taking pay while they still owed back wages to former employees, and people who were "re-hired" (although they never left) at wages much lower than what they were making before SWO misled the Milwaukee city council into giving them $250,000 to create these jobs. Just weeks before the city awarded the funds, half of SWO's staff left knowing that the company was ~$million in debt. These former employees were owed thousands in back pay, and were no longer able to stomach the environmental disregard of those in charge.
Fast forward to a year later, when these bogus jobs met the requirements to have the loan forgiven by producing yet another show of smoke and mirrors.

Please research before you write... it's all in the news:

Should Tax Dollars Have Been Given to Sweet Water?:
http://www.jsonline.com/business/some-souring-on-sweet-waters-city-financing-deal-f64rugb-146527625.html

Politician Claims "100's of Jobs Created". City Documents Show Otherwise:
http://bloggingblue.com/2012/03/29/some-questions-about-sweet-water-organics/

What's Buried at Sweet Water Organics?:
http://bloggingblue.com/2012/04/03/two-more-questions-about-sweet-water-organics/
Images of buried tanks:
http://bloggingblue.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Outdoor-InGround-Tanks-Buried-at-SWO.pdf
07:59 PM on 06/25/2012
People making money no matter the outcome. Sounds like sub-prime mortgages in a nice green wrapper.
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Brady Westwater
03:55 PM on 06/24/2012
Great ideas, all, but ones that are not likely to be implemented in California

In Sacramento the three key goals of the state government towards business seems to be tax, regulate and demonize - and the attitude towards our students isn't much better.

The high drop out rates in high schools are often due to Draconian policies such as forcing all students - regardless of their career paths or abilities - to pass algebra and other college prep classes; classes that far too often causes them to drop out.

And the vast sums of money wasted force feeding students classes they will fail - and they will never need in the real world - could easily fund a wide variety of vocational programs - or help set up the types of apprentice programs we need. Unfortunately, though, the California Teacher's Association will first have to be reformed from within by its teacher members before any meaningful reforms regarding education and the state's attitude towards business can take place.