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Rui Dai

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Should the Super Rich Be Richer?

Posted: 05/17/2012 5:50 pm

With the presidential election coming up in just a few short months, one of the biggest questions on everyone's minds is economics, specifically unemployment. President Obama has attempted to generate a momentum to raise higher taxes on the rich and giving other incentives to try to lower unemployment. The Republicans have always supported, though will only now infrequently say out-right, that the rich are the ones who create the jobs and therefore deserve lower taxes.

In the past few days, the fight was just sparked in a very interesting direction by TED censoring one of its own talks about U.S. inequality and publicity for the soon-to-be-published book by Mitt Romney's former right-hand man at Bain Capital, Edward Conrad.

Over the past month, Edward Conrad has been drumming up publicity for his new book titled, Unintended Consequences: Why Everything You've Been Told About the Economy Is Wrong. According to interviews with Conrad, the book provides a radical outlook on the reasons behind the financial crisis and how the United States can keep its edge in the upcoming global race for innovation.

Conrad believes that the banks' irresponsibility is not the reason behind the 2008 meltdown. Instead, it is because everyone decided to suddenly take all of their money out of the banks at once, similar to what he claims is the catalyst for the crisis in 1929. Because banks loan out the money that it receives, there is rarely a lot of money in the banks at one time. As a result, if everyone runs to the bank at the same time, there is not enough for everyone and results in a financial crisis.

I can understand this reasoning, but Conrad fails to fully explain the insolvent loans that the banks were making at the time of the collapse. Conrad argues that the banks were making risky decisions in order to reap in greater gains later on, but Congressional hearings have indicated that the banks were betting against the loans that they were making. This suggests that what the banks were doing wasn't risk per se; it was more of rigging the game.

Conrad's failure to completely account for how the super rich can rig the system also cuts at his strategy for creating innovation. Conrad argues that the super rich benefits society more than the financial incentives that they bring in. For every dollar that the super rich receives, Conrad argues that society gains $20 in benefits. This may seem counterintuitive, but the math behind it seems solid. Of course, because the data that he used isn't released, it is still very likely that his analysis is skewed because he used mainly successful companies.

Conrad argues that founders of companies such as Microsoft, Apple and Facebook makes society richer, more than increasing their own wealth, because of the products and services that their companies provide. Society benefits 20 times more from the iPhone than the financial rewards that Apples makes off selling it. As a result, Conrad reasons that in order to promote more innovation and risk-taking that will create similar companies to benefit society, the financial incentive needs to be greater. The super rich need to be richer.

I disagree most strongly with this reasoning, because it completely fails to take into account the mounting evidence that increasing financial incentives does not correlate with increasing performance. Giving out large bonuses has been shown to be completely counterproductive. Similarly, making the super rich richer will not necessarily generate more benefits for society.

An example that Conrad gave to show the amount of wasted potential is what he calls the "Art History majors," people who are college graduates and undoubtedly extremely smart, but who lack the motivation to contribute more to society. Conrad believes that if the super rich become richer and there is greater inequality, these "Art History majors" will be incentivized to make more of their lives and thereby contribute more to society.

This is the crux of Conrad's argument for inequality: increase inequality and people will have to be more innovative and therefore contribute more back to society.

Despite the gaping loopholes in Conrad's argument, it still appears logically sound and theoretically plausible. However, macro historical evidence from a censored TED talk by Nick Hanauer completely eviscerate Conrad's entire argument. The TED talk demonstrates that the rich have become richer, but the rest of society hasn't gained nearly as much. The theoretical benefit that Conrad proposes the super rich contributes to society does not hold up against Hanauer's data.

If Conrad's theory were right, then the cost of living would have decreased by 20 fold for every one-fold increase of the superrich's financial wealth. Instead, the opposite is observed in the data provided by Hanauer's TED Talk. Average hourly earnings have decreased since 1970, while everything else from food, gas to rent and utilities have shot up. The average income of the top 1 percent has increased by 240 percent since 1970, while productivity only by 80 percent. Similarly, cutting taxes on the super rich clearly inversely correlates with the unemployment rate: the lower the taxes, the higher the unemployment.

Of course, the data that the TED talk presents is also slightly skewed for dramatic effect purposes, but it appears to be less so than the data Conrad said that he used. There are gaps in both arguments, but the gaps in Conrad's seem bigger.

Hanauer's TED talk directly contradicts Conrad's argument in his to-be-published book. This might be why the talk was censored. The official reason for the censorship is that the talk is too political and creates too much partisanship. More likely however, because the super rich sponsor TED, it was censored because it causes too much damage both to Conrad's argument and in connection with the Republican platform of lowering taxes.

 
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06:02 PM on 05/18/2012
G.H.W. Bush called it "Voodoo Economics" when Reagan proposed cutting taxes in the primary. He did cut the marginal tax rate and that did result in a big increase in tax revenue, and so further tax cuts followed. The reason for the early success of the cuts is the Laffer Curve, see the video I just made at:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=seF9sUiZf0A

Have Fun,

Brooke Clarke
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Eno
More of the same ol same ... A change has to come.
02:09 PM on 05/18/2012
Great Great Great Read! I hope to hear much much more from the Author.
12:44 PM on 05/18/2012
"Despite the gaping loopholes in Conrad's argument, it still appears logically sound and theoretically plausible."

That is exactly what we though of supply-side economic theory, and look where that took us.
RealistBC
Micro-bios must pass muster.
11:26 AM on 05/18/2012
Wealth leads to the greed disease, and the wealthy of the US have it bad. They already get all of the benefit of economic expansion at the expense of the rest of us, and all they want is more. Always more. They are out of control, and they will harm the entire world if they aren't stopped soon. But they own those who could stage an intervention expressly to prevent such an activity. The people themselves are too sated on corporatist media to do anything. Thus, we all can just bend over and kiss our kiesters goodbye.
09:14 AM on 05/18/2012
You have a basic incorrect assumption that economics are a zero sum gain, that if people achieve that it is at the cost of others. The reason for income disparity is a function of what drives success. Post-WWII, the US economy achieved through manufacturing because we were the only functioning world economy. As Asia, India, etc developed manufacturing and capital resources, low skilled jobs became commodities. There was no grand conspiracy, but simple economics. 30 years ago, a high school grad earned ABOVE average wages and there was only a 25% differential to college grads. Today, a HS grad earns only 70% of average and a College grad 80% higher. With only 27% of the population with BA/BS+ and 1/3 HS and below, you do the math.

You might argue that we need more government investment. Over the past 30 year, total government has dramatically increased from 30% of GDP to 43% of GDP (source:OEDC). Or perhaps, that the rich need to pay more in taxes. in 1980, Top 1% paid 19% of taxes, top 10% 49.% and bottom 50% paid 7%. Today, top 1% pay 40% of taxes, top 10%, 70% and bottom 50% 2.25%. It has gotten MORE not less progressive.

On an inflation adjusted basis while it has gotten more progressive, in 1965 the average HH paid $11K in taxes while today they pay ~$20K in taxes.

More taxes, More spending, More progessivity, bigger problems. Continue the same? No.,
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VPerry24
Carpe Diem!
01:06 PM on 05/18/2012
The lie about we have to practice austerity in order to get back on our feet does not compute. First, the government should cut out unnecessary spending like the war in Afghanistan (why are we there anyway?), but we cannot get healthy with investment programs in place when addressing the deficit. The GOP just upped the military budget and now is looking for an additional 70 mil for a missile defense for Israel (our 51st state).
04:05 PM on 05/18/2012
Why do you assume that military is off the table? I am all for reduction in military spending. The problem is absolute reduction spending is limited unless the President changes his position on foreign policy. Personally, I would change policy from offensive to true defensive and try and take down spending by 50%. However, the bigger issue is Medicare. The healthcare law is a complete disaster as it placed increase coverage over cost containment and actually included significant tax increases. Unless the government implements cost containment, Medicare/Medicaid will cause massive continued increase in government spending.
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Konnie
GOP = GOLDEN CALF OLD PARTY
09:04 AM on 05/18/2012
that last sentence pretty much said it all. TED is a playdate for the 1%. they pretend like what they do is sooooo important to mankind, when in reality it's a just one big brag - look what i'm doing with my gazillion. might as well do the lewis black joke and hire a b@ll washer...................
04:02 PM on 05/19/2012
I LOVE Lewis Black!
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KarmaPatrol
Riverboat Gambler, satellite whisperer. Independe
08:56 AM on 05/18/2012
Those who earned their wealth should enjoy it, though our tax code should favor long term gains which employ Americans. It's handing off so much wealth that their heirs can influence our Congress that I'm totally opposed to. Enough to live off of, sure, and if the heirs do good in business, great. the wealthy have always had more influence in politics but citizens united is way too much.
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08:17 AM on 05/18/2012
Clearly the rich should take social responsibility and retire to let the younger less established have their chance for the golden ring. Actors like Aston Kucher, Johnney Depp, Robert Downing Jr should quit making movies and tv, bands like U2, Jimmy Buffet, Barbra Striesden need to retire and give up new albums and touring to make room for the next generation. We need to start a boycott against rich preformers and start supporting the new talent comming up.
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Amanda Matthews
08:53 AM on 05/18/2012
Right.

Make older performers retire.

That's why we're in the mess we are today. Because Depp, Downing, U2, etc. won't retire.

Yeah. We'll all be hopping on your boycott. That'll fix everything.
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12:25 PM on 05/18/2012
If the rich retire, the second tier talent then will move to star positions.  Read the article.  People need to leave work once they  made enough.
 
 
RealistBC
Micro-bios must pass muster.
12:25 PM on 05/18/2012
Why should they get to retire when the young are supporting the effort to eliminate Social Security for the rest of us? We thus can't get out of their way and let them have the careers they believe are their due.
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gevan
big dubya
09:42 AM on 05/18/2012
Watch more youtube.
George Picard
Send lawyers, guns and money
07:20 AM on 05/18/2012
The Rich pay an income tax rate of 36%.

The bottom 50% in this country pay almost zero in income taxes each year.

Other then making the people who already dont pay income taxes feel better taxing the rich is not going to help them get richer.
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FirstGame72
The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters
07:48 AM on 05/18/2012
Tax the rich at 1950's rates and everything else will pretty much take care of itself. Right now the extra billions of $'s held by the rich is doing nothing for the country.
Even if graft, waste, mismanagement and corruption siphon off half of the extra billions collected by taxing the rich at 1950's rates the other half will still go to fixing our broken economy instead of what those billions are doing for America now, which is again, NOTHING.
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08:19 AM on 05/18/2012
Right - We own them and they work for us. How dare anyone think they can be so greedy to keep the money they earn. They work for us, and what they earn is ours.
George Picard
Send lawyers, guns and money
08:37 PM on 05/18/2012
Can we have the same laws on immegration that we had in the 50's.  Same laws on welfare. DO we get the same tax loopholes we had with the tax laws in the 50s?
09:27 AM on 05/18/2012
womp womp. Wrong. That talking point has been debunked many times over. On top of the fact that those numbers are taken out of context (the bottom 50% still pay payroll, sales tax, state tax, etc) the super rich have rigged the system to allow their "income" to be all but tax-free.

Thanks for playing.

http://crooksandliars.com/jon-perr/debunking-47-pay-no-taxes-talking-point
George Picard
Send lawyers, guns and money
08:37 PM on 05/18/2012
Thanks for playing but I said income tax.
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lrobb
Gold Standard = four paws and a tail
04:23 AM on 05/18/2012
Part of Conrad's argument is that the wealthy bring us products we want. When we buy lots and lots of them the price goes down, the consumer benefits and the rich get richer.

Has it ever occurred to Mr. Conrad that maybe society needs to save its money, and we really don't need the next iGizmo? I don't mind someone getting wealthy inventing something we really, really need--but a video game?
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philhellene
Far Left and Proud of It!
10:27 PM on 05/17/2012
Seems to me that Macroeconomics 101 teaches us that you cannot have an economy in which a very few have all of the disposable wealth. But, then, greed and intelligence are always mutually exclusive.
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Sahuaro
Molded by Gilligan, Steed, Darrin, 99, Spock, &Ayn
01:05 AM on 05/18/2012
We can conclude that it is not true that a very few have all the disposable wealth. Indeed, when you compare the standard of living of a "poor" American against the world's average, you can see that they too have disposable wealth.
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john649
12:09 PM on 05/18/2012
HaHa, yea, its was "disposed" when the rich scrambled to grab our tax dollars to prop up their greedy failing businesses and then turned around and screwed us!!
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lrobb
Gold Standard = four paws and a tail
04:25 AM on 05/18/2012
Both the poor and middle class have also increased their standard of living--just not nearly as much as the rich. All boats are rising, but some have become airships and are now floating well above the waves.
RealistBC
Micro-bios must pass muster.
11:44 AM on 05/18/2012
If all boats are rising, how come I have to throw life jackets to my children to keep them from going under? I am sacrificing my retirement to defend their future, something the very wealthy are determined to take from as many as they possible can. He who dies with the most money still dies, and AMEX isn't accepted at the Pearly Gates no matter what color it is.
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john649
12:10 PM on 05/18/2012
really??? losing your job, then a home foreclosure is now an INCREASE in the living standard??
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Allene Stucki
07:49 PM on 05/17/2012
Dai has not a clue how the financial system works, nor how the financial meltdown came to pass. Her understanding of the events is so simplistic and inaccurate as to render her unqualified to graft her thoughts on the matter onto a liberal ideological rant such as this.

It's simply not true that "The banks were betting against the loans they were making". In the first place the Wall St. banks were NOT the ones making the loans in question. The sub-prime mortgage loans, the collapse of which brought on the recession, were being made on Main St, not on Wall St.

The role of the Wall St. banks was to purchase the loans from the local banks, re-package them into bonds, ( CDO's) and sell the bonds to investors worldwide. Certain Wall St. banks and hedge funds eventually recognized that the Main St. banks were granting them to borrowers with bad credit. The Main St. banks didn't care whether the loans ever got repaid or not, because they were selling them to the Wall St. banks. The Wall St. banks didn't care either, because they were selling them to outside investors. However, some of them (I only personally know of two - Goldman Sachs, and the John Paulson hedge fund) recognized that loans made to people with bad credit would inevitably go into default and they did indeed bet against them by purchasing credit default insurance contracts (aka CDS's) from AIG, the world's largest insurance company.
11:48 PM on 05/17/2012
That is a correct interpretation in part. Securitization leads to risk pass through and also allows for a drop in underwriting criteria on the part of the lender. They no longer hold the risk of the loss. The point does not address some of Conrad's point and I admit I have not read his book. However, unless I was on Mars a few years ago there was no run on the banks ala the Depression period. Conrad's other points, I presume, are correct only if those with money actually reinvest in ways that are productive which is not the case. Apple reaps large rewards and yet oursources mfg. and shelters income. I say this being all about making money.
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