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Shaun Johnson

Shaun Johnson

Posted: March 7, 2011 06:52 PM

Letters to Wendy: Pre-Service Teachers React to Teach for America


In the face of prevailing education reforms, is what I do important? Seriously. As a teacher educator, pre-service teachers spend their entire senior year with me. In addition to classes, they do two full days in an elementary school in the fall and then transition to five days, essentially full time, in another elementary school in the spring. They get roughly six official weeks of full-time teacher experience over the course of nine months. Schools of education throughout the country prepare teachers in a similar fashion, albeit with slight variations.

My students and I recently discussed Teach for America (TFA), the alternative darling of the mainstream education reform movement. My personal views of the program are conflicted. On the one hand, it kind of makes what we do in so-called "traditional" teacher preparation look foolish. How do extensive and time-consuming clinical experiences stack up against much briefer trainings in pedagogy and immediate employment in extremely difficult settings, redolent of TFA? On the other hand, if we consider the education marketplace, would TFA even exist if they were not fulfilling a need that those of us in "traditional" teacher prep are not? Honestly, I cannot say that many pre-service teachers with whom I worked end up in high-needs schools.

With all due fairness, however, my pre-service teachers in elementary education work harder than many undergraduates in other majors. They certainly work harder than I did my senior year in psychology. For many in more elite circles, education is not considered a serious major. What is more, despite teacher bashing, which is our new national pastime, TFA members appear to be insulated from the same criticism, as if they're taking one for good old Team USA. I could be wrong, but I have not heard much defense of the profession that TFA members apparently love for 24 months.

But after discussing TFA with my students, we participated in an activity called Letters to Wendy. After reading about the history and mission of the program, students in small groups wrote fake letters to TFA founder Wendy Kopp. Here are a few choice quotes:

Supposedly you want to cure the ills of urban schools, yet you are a large contributor to its greatest problem--the revolving door. Students in these low-performing schools need stability more than anything else and you undermine the preparation of high quality teachers in programs across the country.

The thought that people with "higher" degrees can aimlessly teach the most at risk children without proper preparation and training is false and cruel.

Just because someone went to an expensive college doesn't qualify him or her to teach and actually make a different in just two years.

And this one just sort of made me smile a bit:

It's bologna. They have no idea how to teach!

Needless to say, their feelings were somewhat strong, and they needed little prompting from me, although I was very up front with them about my own intellectual struggles with the program. Yet I can't say that I blame them for their strong reactions. They are working extremely hard to enter a profession that is reaching a nadir of negative public scrutiny. Then we have the TFA folks who are viewed as heroes in all of this, supposedly doing what run-of-the-mill teachers can't or won't. I'll admit as I did above that TFA is a notable stopgap measure in high-needs schools. But I won't join in valorizing corps members at the expense of dedicated educators who plan to make a career out of teaching.

 

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01:48 PM on 03/17/2011
There is a need for good, qualified teachers in high needs areas. As you stated, not many education students are clamoring to get into low income urban education. In my experience as a TFA high school teacher in Chicago, I've seen great traditional and TFA teachers, as well as terrible traditional and TFA teachers. I will agree that TFA is a stop-gap measure, and that in a perfect world, it wouldn't need to exist, but the academic achievement gap dictates otherwise. Many TFA corps members get more kudos than deserved simply because they are in TFA. Instead the honors (or criticisms) should stem from the results they provide to their students, schools, and communities.

I cannot agree with your students. If they were accomplished teachers with a track record of success, then I would definitely see merit in their words, but reacting as such to a career they haven't entered yet, or without looking at the data of TFA retention rates, test scores, impacts on communities, etc just sounds like self-victimization. I've rarely heard good teachers (traditional or otherwise) at my school (or from friends) criticizing TFA. Mostly, the teachers that do have many complaints are the ones that have been consistently shown to be ineffective urban teachers and have been bounced around from school to school, whether charter school or public.

Let's all just agree that our measure for success and failure of education programs should be just that. The successes and failures of our students.
11:40 AM on 03/13/2011
TFA is harmful to American education. Studies prove that most, if not all, teachers are not very effective during their first two years on the job. TFA teachers are not exempt from this. They are, however, much more likely to leave the profession after two years (about 80% get their feet wet with teaching and leave after their two year stint is done- just around the time when they would have started to really learn to teach). I worked in a school with quite a few TFA members. They generally wish to do right by kids, but their altruistic impulses are coupled with a strong desire to move up the ranks or on to a more prestigious career. I was sickened when I heard TFA members talk about how their teaching stint with TFA looked really good on a resume for med school or something else- realizing that they disn't respect teaching as a profession, but rather, they viewed it as a stepping stone to their real career. This elitist attitude is condescending to the lower income students we teach and insulting to my profession.
12:17 PM on 03/10/2011
The revolving door's a problem, but it's not limited to TFA. In Los Angeles, I remember meeting an idealistic teacher with an education degree, who was assigned to a low-income community. The situation wore her down, and she could not wait to get out of the city and teach in the suburbs. It's no indictment on her, but just insight into the preferences of many students, to teach among students who want to learn.
01:27 AM on 03/10/2011
I would like to point out that TFA doesn't discriminate against kids with education degrees - they welcome them with open arms. Four students in my corps majored in education and their perspective is highly valued and welcomed. TFA would love to have your kids, Shaun. All four of our education majors came in fully certified - TFA is not a certification factory. TFA is merely a mechanism to recruit and most importantly support teachers in their first two years in low income schools. Your students could benefit from it as well. It would just mean getting mentored and receiving extra feedback in professional development during their first two years. And really - couldn't all new teachers benefit from that, regardless of their major? I don't understand what you gain from being anti-TFA, nor do I understand what your students gain. If your students don't like it, tell them to take jobs in low-income schools. Until traditionally certified students like yours are willing to teach in our poorest schools, TFA will still exist.
10:18 AM on 03/10/2011
Great comments
11:58 AM on 03/13/2011
There is no shortage of teachers who completed traditional certification programs and are perfectly willing to work in lower income school disctricts. The erroneous assumption held by so many is that TFA members, and members of similar programs such as the NYC Teaching Fellows, fill a void that no one else is willing or able to fill. The truth is that many people, TFA or traditionally certified, do enter the profession and get frustrated and leave after a few years. However, TFA members are MUCH more likely to leave. They are also given preferential treatment. While certified teachers have have trouble finding positions and frequently can't get in the door, TFA members, who are generally seen as somehow superior, are placed in schools. TFA members are appealing to school leaders with little to no teaching experience, an unfortunate reality today, because they can boast degrees from competitive universities, have a generally anti-union mentality (not surprising considering most of them come from money), and have no intention of sticking around long enough to get paid a substantail salary. They may be well intentioned, but they take postions that could be filled by real professionals. Forigive us experienced teachers if we view this as an attack on our profession and on the quality of education in this country.
02:00 PM on 03/17/2011
I will reply to your points with my own personal experience as a TFA corps member.

1. TFA corps members are not more or less likely to leave education than other teachers in the low-income areas they teach in. Many change their plans to continue as educators after the two years despite other intentions they may have had.

2. The preferential treatment may be there systemically (TFA job fairs etc) but (at least in Chicago) I have to compete with traditional teachers and other alternative certification teachers for a job. I had to go through nearly a dozen interviews to get hired (same as most traditional teachers as well as TFA teachers)

3. TFA corps members have not had time to develop true feelings towards unions, but it is difficult when you are being demonized from top to bottom by every speech any union official gives. The president of the Chicago Teacher's Union once called TFA members 'mercenaries.' Is this rhetoric helpful to our students? Absolutely not. If she thinks TFA teachers are inferior, prove it objectively. As far as 'coming from money' I can tell you that I am a 1st generation immigrant, and many of my fellow TFA members are not as well off as you'd imagine (a few are, however).

4. I don't know many teachers (traditional, TFA, otherwise) that become teachers to 'stick around long enough to get paid a substantial salary.' Frankly, that is the wrong reason to get into education.
11:42 PM on 03/17/2011
1. TFA are more likely to leave the profession after a few years than teachers from traditional certification programs. This is not my opinion; this is a fact.

2. Even your response suggests that TFA members are given preferential treatment. Half a dozen interviews, by the way, is not a lot. It is certainly not proof that you aren't given preferential treatment.

3. If anybody understands what it feels like to be demonized, it is us, the certified and experienced professionals. You are, however, entitled to your feelings.

4. I never said that all TFA members come from money- I simply said that most do. I didn't mean that they are filthy rich either, but that they certainly do come from comfortable enough backgrounds to not have an understanding of why unions matter to regular working people. And you may be a first generation immigrant, but that doesn't mean that you are poor.

5. You did not understand my point about earning a substantial salary. I said nothing about teachers wanting to earn more money (although they shouldn't have to apologize for this either). My point was that exprerienced teachers are frequently seen as less desirable candidates simply becuase they take a bigger chunk our of school budgets.
10:21 AM on 03/09/2011
I've been a classroom teacher for over thirty years. I don't know how things work in your department, but I can tell you why college teacher prep programs in my neck of the woods don't get more respect-- because they don't earn it.

Every co-operating teacher knows the drill. For one period of one day in one semester, we will instruct our student teachers to do a series of foolish things and ignore what they've learned in a real classroom, because their college supervisor will be making one of his/her rare fly-by visits, inspecting the student teacher to make sure that some specious lesson is being applied.

State college teacher programs are bad. They provide poor preparation. In particular, they fail to provide any serious oversight-- too many times a student teacher has arrived in my classroom with serious deficiencies. But if their check clears, the college will gladly keep them in the program.

I am no fan of teach for America and its notion that any shlub can walk into a classroom and magically become a teacher, because, after all, anybody off the street can do what we do.

But many teacher preparation programs in our nation's colleges (at least in my neck of the woods) are seriously, seriously broken. TFA is simply capitalizing on that.
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Shaun Johnson
Teacher educator and former classroom teacher
02:47 PM on 03/09/2011
I would say that things work a bit differently here. But what makes the situation a bit dicier here is our close proximity to an urban system. Ideally, I'd like to see more of our students work in dense urban areas, it's not ultimately up to me. It's up to the student, likely in consultation with their families. I can do what I can to encourage "city teaching", but that's about it. With the proximity to an urban area, there is potential for traditionally trained teachers to work alongside or compete with TFA folks. When we talked about the training and other aspects of the program, many of my students were p*ssed, especially when they heard job posts would be SAVED for TFA corps members. So I'm going off of their emotions. I've been through the profession, I paid my dues, so it's them I'm considering here.
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Michael Morrison
Proud Dad, Engineer, Aspring Geophysicist
02:03 PM on 03/10/2011
I don't get it...

You can't convince your students to work in Urban areas, yet you ask them to write letters bashing TFA students who volunteer to work there...
10:08 AM on 03/09/2011
Is it true that TFA(Teach For Awhile)recruits get their college loans paid for while in the program? I've read that that is part of their motivation.
10:42 AM on 03/09/2011
Pretty sure they get the same award as an AmeriCorps member--about $4700. Not positive if they get it once or twice (i.e. per year).
04:29 PM on 03/09/2011
TFA teachers get paid what every first year teacher gets in that district. So in a sense, two years of teaching can pay off a good amount of student loans or help with graduate school.
07:10 AM on 03/09/2011
TFA recruits heavily to build their application numbers. The actual TFA members have rarely attended any public school - they are extremely privileged young people with a bit of nobless oblige and a need in this economy to spend two years building a resume between undergraduate and law school. The program is lauded because the children of power players benefit and many of Obama's advisors are or have been board members. It's a charade. Yes, there are a few who stay on. But otherwise it's just cheap, revolving labor at the expense of the neediest kids.
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Shaun Johnson
Teacher educator and former classroom teacher
09:13 AM on 03/09/2011
Absolutely. Think how cheap we can make teaching if we rely on a more affluent set of candidates who could be subsidized by their families over their two year teaching stint. They are very willing to sacrifice money for status and street cred, while the more experienced folks with families and mortgages to pay, who see teaching as a legitimate career, are doing more with much less.
01:00 AM on 03/10/2011
Again, what are you basing this off of? I don't know a single TFA corps member who is doing TFA because they're so rich their families are just sending them money each month during their 2 year commitment.

Also, what solution do you propose to fill the jobs in low income schools? Because the fact of the matter is your students aren't taking those jobs.
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Michael Morrison
Proud Dad, Engineer, Aspring Geophysicist
01:51 PM on 03/09/2011
"...they are extremely privileged young people with a bit of nobless oblige and a need in this economy to spend two years building a resume between undergradu­ate and law school"

Got any numbers to back this up? Of course, I only know the situation of my daughter and her TFA cohort. My daughter is typical...Raised in a middle class neighborhood in Boise, Idaho. Went to pretty typical public schools, and because she worked hard, got a nice scholarship to an out of state University.

She got a degree in Chemistry, and has been teaching in Harlem and the Bronx for about 5 years.

Most of the TFA students she trained with are still in education...Not chasing a law degree.
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Shaun Johnson
Teacher educator and former classroom teacher
02:49 PM on 03/09/2011
No, I don't have any numbers to back that up, only anecdotal experiences of largely white, Ivy League educated 20-somethings, flocking to urban areas to "save all the poor children." I had a great conversation with a TFA member on a field trip this summer. Hated teaching, couldn't wait to get out of it after two years, and at the end of the day, this person liked to have their first graders spend 30 minutes with the lights off and heads down. Sigh.
08:58 PM on 03/08/2011
Best of luck to everyone entering the profession, whether he does it through a traditional or a non-traditional route!
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Shaun Johnson
Teacher educator and former classroom teacher
09:07 PM on 03/08/2011
Yes, that's sensible enough. Good luck.
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freducate
Spirit Naturally Evolving
07:51 PM on 03/08/2011
"The thought that people with "higher" degrees can aimlessly teach the most at risk children without proper preparation and training is false and cruel."

Good thing, huh? I've seen lots of arguments pro and con, but I've yet to see anyone advocate for aimlessly teaching at risk kids. Yeah, sending these out as "real" letters is a first rate idea.
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Shaun Johnson
Teacher educator and former classroom teacher
08:31 PM on 03/08/2011
I'm inclined to believe that this individual meant "higher" degrees in terms higher status degrees, say from an Ivy League college. But let's take a step back. These are folks in their 20's who are about to enter a profession that many in the US don't respect. All they may get in the end is a pat on the back. Oh how cute, you're a teacher, isn't that special? I have observed TFA folks who seem to have no clue what they're doing in the classroom. If I see someone from a good program doing the same thing, I start to wonder if they picked the right profession. But if they're coming off of a five week or whatever workshop, I start wondering what whomever put them there is smoking.
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freducate
Spirit Naturally Evolving
09:35 PM on 03/08/2011
"I'm inclined to believe that this individual meant "higher" degrees in terms higher status degrees, say from an Ivy League college. But let's take a step back."

No, let's stay there for a second. You are "inclined to believe"? You mean you didn't inquire before you posted this stuff?

"These are folks in their 20's who are about to enter a profession that many in the US don't respect."

Precisely. Do you believe anything in this "mere" blog post has done anything to increase that respect? This is what I was getting at with that meta-message response, Shaun. You guys keep shooting yourselves in the foot and then turning around and pointing the finger elsewhere re that lack of respect. Ya got the choir sewed up tight. It's the hearts and minds outside the tent that you need to reach or you are going to continue to lose ground.
07:03 PM on 03/08/2011
TFA is little more than a direct placement temp program for schools perceived to be of higher value. TFA teachers I have seen on the job are a drain on all professional teachers around them because the professionals are the ones asked to clean up the messes created by these children unprepared children.

In one Denver school, a TFA teacher allowed her student to play with gas jets in a science lab. When a small fire ensued the building was evacuated. Poverty students (Many without health care) were made to stand outside in the winter without coats for over 40 minutes while the TFA debated whether or not she should bother taking accountability by telling the AP to direct the fire persons to her classroom.

A professional teacher puts the needs and well being of the students first. Her own reputation, and the reputation of his or her 'programming" should fall much farther down the list.
04:39 PM on 03/08/2011
I retrained as a teacher (Masters in Education) after 30 years in the computer industry. The master’s degree was invaluable however it did not give me the practical experience to handle a class, create a daily lesson plan, deal with the administration, and try to sort out all the acronyms.

I have been teaching for 7 years and have finally learned a little about how to do the job. It has gotten easier but it is still the hardest job I have ever had.

Teaching is a sink-or-swim profession. Mentor teachers are busy in their own classrooms and this leaves the new teacher dog-paddling the first couple of years.

Two years isn't enough time to become a good teacher for me (most of us?). It takes time to learn how to handle a class, how to relate to students, how not to take yourself so seriously and how to learn from the students. The master’s degree alluded to this and student teaching gave a taste but there is nothing like being in the trenches!
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Robert Schwartz
ED Level Playing Field, parent, educator
04:12 PM on 03/08/2011
I was a TFA corps member in 1994 and have been fairly critical of the organization while also recognizing its place and need. As you stated, your teachers are not teaching in the highest need schools. This is a much greater challenge than teaching in more affluent communities. I'd like to see your students last more than two years in that setting. Here are more of my thoughts on how to re-focus TFA:

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/robert-schwartz/teach-for-america_b_821099.html
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Shaun Johnson
Teacher educator and former classroom teacher
08:52 PM on 03/08/2011
No, I'm saying that there is a tendency for many teacher education graduates to not end up in high needs schools. I admitted above that that's a problem for me, I get that. I would like to see more graduates go to cities or to high needs schools in rural areas. There's as much poverty and neglect in many rural communities. I think my students, standing shoulder to shoulder with TFA folks, would do much better. But for some reason, they're not gifted with the confidence to do so. I'm doing my best. But we're not necessarily in the suburbs right now, my friend. A lot of needs to go around, trust me. Pray tell, are you teaching right now?
Mountain Momma
Seemed like a good idea at the time
10:26 PM on 03/08/2011
Shaun, how well does your program do at tracking graduates? I'm a teacher educator (in special education) and it frustrates me that we can't do a better job at tracking our graduates a structured sort of way. We don't have TFA teachers in my area, but we have teachers coming out of U of Phoenix and hear grumblings from principals about teachers from that program. Since retention is such an issue with special ed teachers, I'd love to see how our graduates fare versus those teachers from other programs, but no one seems to track those data very well.
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Robert Schwartz
ED Level Playing Field, parent, educator
09:15 AM on 03/09/2011
I agree Shaun that the issue extends to rural communities and that there is a lot of need. TFA will never meet all of those needs, but they need to be there to meet some. As for me, I taught 7 years at my placement site and then 6 more years in another urban school. I left the classroom after my kids were born because I could no longer dedicate the amount of time it takes to be effective at a high needs school and be a parent. Like you, I also teach teacher credentialing classes (full disclosure - for TFA teachers).
10:49 AM on 03/09/2011
Robert,

Assuming it's true that traditionally certified teachers are not teaching in the highest need schools (haven't I read x number of articles about teachers being laid off to make room for TFAers?), can you blame them? There's a pretty clear shift in the 'reform movement' towards linking teacher evaluations to their students' test scores. If my job security depends on how well my students are scoring on tests I'll take Stuyvesant over the dropout factory uptown, thanks. Teach for America's aim is to profit from this lack of an incentive, not to change it.
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Shaun Johnson
Teacher educator and former classroom teacher
02:51 PM on 03/09/2011
Yeah, I certainly can't blame them.
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Michael Morrison
Proud Dad, Engineer, Aspring Geophysicist
03:58 PM on 03/08/2011
The world without TFA:

Traditional Teacher credential programs do not produce sufficient numbers of teachers qualified to teach math and science.

My daughter signed-up for TFA five years ago, and has been teaching in Harlem and the Bronx ever since...She isn't on the revolving door.

She has a B.S. in Chemistry from the University of Southern California, and were it not for her, her high school would not have a single teacher with a degree in a science.
07:00 PM on 03/08/2011
Your daughter may not be on the revolving door, but neither is she the typical TFA enrollee, having long since passed the average tenure of a TFA'er.
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Michael Morrison
Proud Dad, Engineer, Aspring Geophysicist
07:21 PM on 03/08/2011
I guess my point is that TFA is providing math and science teachers that traditional teacher's ed programs have not been able to supply in sufficient numbers.
03:54 PM on 03/08/2011
One of the greatest disservices many teacher preparation programs do for their participants is schedule student teaching in the spring. All new teachers know the challenge of setting up the procedures and rules in their classroom. Student teachers that don't have the opportunity to participate in the challenge of establishing classroom culture invariable rely on the "don't smile until November".

As for traditionally trained teachers and TFA teachers - I have worked with both. The quality varied in both groups. There were some superstars and there were some that didn't quite have what it took to be successful in the classroom. What I did find is that early in the school year TFA teachers were more likely to ask for help because they knew that they didn't know everything. Traditionally trained teachers have a certificate which represents their completion of a preparation program, hours of study and training. For this reason I think that sometime they are less likely to ask for assistance or admit that they didn't know how to do something, as if it would be admitting that they somehow skipped something in their preparation program.

The top school in AZ (with 98-100% of students passing our state test depending on grade level and content area) hires content experts. They don't look for trained teachers, they hire people that have a deep understanding of reading, math, science, etc. to develop a culture of learning.
07:02 PM on 03/08/2011
Top schools don't need people who know how to teach because top schools typically serve kids from wealthy, educated, stable families. Those kids are easy to teach.
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freducate
Spirit Naturally Evolving
07:36 PM on 03/08/2011
The logic chain here is absolutely frightening in its implications.
04:33 PM on 03/09/2011
You're kidding, correct?
03:52 PM on 03/08/2011
continued...

I have read your pulled quotes several times now, and the first one (about the revolving door) is the only one that carries any water.

Higher degrees mean more training-- everything after "higher degrees" is a fallacy.

Expensive colleges mean more competitive admissions criteria (ideally). AND you only teach a group of students for one year. The idea that you can't make an enormous difference in that year is demeaning to our entire profession.

The last quote is just embarrassing. If we are trying to rally more support and positive opinion about our profession, why would launch attacks at another branch of it, of which are leaving measurable successful tracks of success.

Finally, I want to address your closing statement:

"I won't join in valorizing corps members at the expense of dedicated educators who plan to make a career out of teaching."

Why is "valorizing" TFA at "run of the mill" educators expense?
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Shaun Johnson
Teacher educator and former classroom teacher
08:23 PM on 03/08/2011
You are delusional if you believe that TFA candidates are not exempt from scrutiny in many cases. Additionally, even though my last quote is sort of tongue in cheek, my students have every right to be outraged. They are working their tails off now, who may be one day teaching shoulder to shoulder with those who received training in a summer workshop.
10:43 PM on 03/08/2011
I am not arguing that TFA candidates are able to side step criticism, I am arguing that they are not doing it magically. I mean to say that they are escaping scrutiny because they are effective. They deserve the recognition they receive. I don't think we are doing our profession a service by slamming one field of educators just because no one else seems to be doing so. Why aren't we helping to shine the spotlight on others' successes and learn from them.

Ps. I couldn't find the first part of my argument in this thread, and sorry about the grammar in the second half that you published... that's why I resubmitted it.
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Michael Morrison
Proud Dad, Engineer, Aspring Geophysicist
11:42 PM on 03/08/2011
TFA students have worked their tails off...Most have graduated near the top of their class and have majored in difficult subjects.

And they volunteered to teach in schools where most traditionally trained teachers won't dare trod.

And your students are jealous that they are getting favorable press.