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Simon Johnson

Simon Johnson

Posted: May 5, 2010 09:11 AM

Expect Nothing: Why We Need a New Approach to the Chaos in Europe

What's Your Reaction:

After months of denial, the European policy elite finally begins to understand that something is seriously wrong in the eurozone.

But the prevailing definition of the problem is still too narrow -- the consensus in France and, even more, in Germany is that "this is a Greek problem". Even the most negative still think that Portugal and Spain can easily escape serious damage.

This is a major misconception, as we pointed out last week -- and as we have been emphasizing, to anyone who would listen, for more than a year.

If you want to call for a "rescheduling" of Greece's debts -- a position that is becoming increasingly popular among leading north European intellectuals -- that is fine. But you also need to recognize that the policy elite (central banks and ministries of finance) are completely unprepared to handle the consequences, which would be immediate and devastating for other weaker eurozone countries.

You simply cannot do a low-cost or small unilateral restructuring of government debt in this kind of situation; the market will at once take that as a signal that Portugal, Spain, Italy and perhaps even Ireland will face difficulties (in fact, this is exactly what spreads in the 2-year European government bond market are saying today). The French may smile upon such outcomes with a feeling of superiority, but they might also consider not throwing bricks in glass houses.

It is fine -- even appropriate - to emphasize that big European banks have aided and abetted the irresponsible behavior of eurozone authorities. The profound stupidity of these banks-as-organizations is beyond belief, and it is deeply puzzling quite why leading figures in the US Senate would see them as a model for anything other than what we need to euthanize as soon as possible in the global financial system.

But do not fall into the trap of thinking just because "megabanks are bad" (undoubtedly true) that you can whack them with losses and not face the consequences - these people are powerful for a reason; they hold a knife to our throats. For all his hubris, missteps, and over-reliance on Goldman group think, Hank Paulson had a point in September 2008: If the choice is chaotic global collapse or unsavory financial rescue, which are you going to choose?

The Europeans will do nothing this week or for the foreseeable future. They have not planned for these events, they never gamed this scenario, and their decision-making structures are incapable of updating quickly enough. The incompetence at the level of top European institutions is profound and complete; do not let anyone fool you otherwise.

What we need is a new approach, at the G20 level; this can definitely include debt restructuring, but it has to be done in a systematic fashion (and even then there will be a considerable degree of total mess). Such a change in framework for dealing with these issues will not get broad support until after further chaos in Europe, but it now needs to be put into place.

The Europeans will not lift a constructive finger. The leading emerging markets are too busy battening down the hatches (and accumulating ever more massive chests of reserves). And the White House still seems determined to sleep through this crisis. Expect nothing.

Cross-posted from the Baseline Scenario

 
 
 
 
 
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guveqzero
Inventor and Innovator
11:31 AM on 05/07/2010
I also expect nothing from Obama on Greece. He has made it clear that he is more concerned with the independence and health of the megabanks than the needs of a debtor. This includes the lame programs for US homeowners that are unemployed or underwater.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
DHFabian
04:15 PM on 05/06/2010
voxpop4: Are you serious, or is your comment satire?
02:53 PM on 05/06/2010
the dow jones is crashing
03:25 PM on 05/06/2010
DJI is not crashing, just had a big free fall, about 45-65% of it caused by automated computer trading programmer/admin idiocy. Call it "glitches" .... or whatever. It doesn't matter, anyway :-(

a fall of 2.8 - 3.6% should be considered normal for today - worldwide.

I'd attribute the incompetence and intellectual sluggishness of Mrs. Merkel and ECB around 40%, the Greek riots some 25%, the fear of Portugal's, Spain's and Britain's hidden deficits 20% and the Chinese fleeing the Euro and Pound 10-15% ...
Speculation of course had center stage
Have a good evening in a very ugly day
03:45 PM on 05/06/2010
Thanks for the informed level head.
01:21 PM on 05/06/2010
Europe was always a compostie of badand evil kings, dictators and creator of the most horrid wars in history! America was lucky enough to get the smartest Europeans who left town for Ellis Island. And now without war Europe is going bankrupt..leave it to Europe to put the world in the Crapper again! Thank you grandpa for running away from Russia and bringing our family to the USA!
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
harmlesstree
"We are a warlike people" George Carlin
03:34 PM on 05/06/2010
What a profoundly absurd comment!
12:56 AM on 05/07/2010
Too much vodka. ROFLMAO !!
10:35 AM on 05/06/2010
let greece rise or fall but let it be without our help and let it be taken on by the EU.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
DHFabian
04:43 PM on 05/06/2010
I think the bottom line with Greece is that when we can't dig ourselves out, how can we dig out another country?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ScottontheSpot
10:32 AM on 05/06/2010
Oh, Simon, you've really drunk the Koolaid, haven't you? The people who are telling you there is bottomless debt are the ones who profit from us being in debt - the bankers. There is no debt in a truly sovereign nation, one that allows itself to print its own money (see: Article 1, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution for our right to do exactly that). The Federal Reserve was created, literally at midnight on Christmas Eve, and snuck through a hoodwinked President Wilson, who went onto call it his "biggest mistake ever." We will NOT have runaway inflation IF we put that government issued money into things we need, like:
1. Trillions in infrastructure
2. National Health Insurance
3. Educational upgrades (more teachers, better schools - see #1)
Unless you think we have too much infrastructure, too many people getting healthcare, and too many bright children, investing NEW money in these things will not be inflationary.
We also need state banks to keep money out of the Money Leveraging Institutions (MLIs)
We also need to incentivize the workforce, decrease unemployment and end the ridiculous wealth disparity by untaxing true production and taxing - HEAVILY - monopolization of Natural Resources and their use and abuse (all of which are used to amass great fortunes without working). Untax labor, capital and sales. Tax air/water/land pollution, vacant/unused land etc.
It's not hard if you stop listening to the corrupt powers that are.
-Scott Baker, President of Geoist organization, Common Ground-NYC
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
DCinFrance
As a matter of fact, it's all dark.
11:30 AM on 05/06/2010
Bravo.
03:01 PM on 05/06/2010
.. I totally agree...tax everything that people can`t pick up and move in order to avoid taxes...land, water, air. Tax labor...and people will move...tax sales and people will stop buying.
09:55 AM on 05/06/2010
No matter what system is in place or what system collapses or what new systems come on - cream will rise to the top - The US is where it is because it has worked hard, made compromises and made the right decisions. All not in an absolute sense, you can find many faults and issues, but compared to all other countries in the modern age. So US will be at the top of whatever comes out of a collapse. You saw dollar going up in 2008 and is going up again because people around the world vote with their wallets when trouble comes and they believe in the US.
10:53 AM on 05/06/2010
Well said. Fav.
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
DCinFrance
As a matter of fact, it's all dark.
11:29 AM on 05/06/2010
Well said fantasy.

First of all, there is only one system. That being, a debt-based monetary system. It creates money out of thin air based upon deposits of accumulated debt. No one gives a rat's behind about the US dollar anymore because the US is no longer capable of turning that "money out of thin air" into durable, value added goods. That's been shipped overseas. The cream rose to the top, and went sour.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
DHFabian
04:41 PM on 05/06/2010
No, the US is no longer at the top. We aren't the wealthiest and strongest, and don't have the highest quality of life. Class mobility is becoming quite rare. Our education system is well behind that of the more modern nations, and illiteracy is increasingly common. Many people in other countries are shocked when they learn about our absence of workers' protections and benefits, as well as our deteriorating working conditions. Rates of infant mortality and maternal death among America's poor now actually surpass that of Third World nations, and the life expectancy of our poor has fallen well below that of the modern nations. As for our justice system, if you are accused of a crime, the outcome of your trial will almost certainly depend upon your economic status. And in this land of freedom, we imprison a larger portion of our population than any other nation on Earth, largely for offenses that don't result in imprisonment in the modern nations -- and we impose heavier sentences than can be found in most of the world. Our health care system reflects our semi-feudal society, where the chances of survival are directly tied to one's economic status. As for military power, we spend more on killing than any other country, and although we've been unique in being engaged in wars almost constantly since WWll, weigh the outcomes of those wars. What was won?

But it's all still pretty good for the rich.
09:38 AM on 05/06/2010
But they have a great train systems in Spain and Italy crisscrossing the countries and running at a loss subsidized by the taxpayers. Enormous amounts of debt were taken to build these systems yet people are unwilling to pay the fares that would make these systems profitable. AlItalia is propped up by the government because of too many union workers and union rules (reminds you of GM doesn't it?) and the list goes on and on.
09:21 AM on 05/06/2010
How did European banks get so big- I thought they were all wise socialists who know better.
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
DCinFrance
As a matter of fact, it's all dark.
11:31 AM on 05/06/2010
You confuse government with the monetary system. They are just as independent in Europe as it is in the US. Our government, your government, their government does not control the monetary system.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
PhilipTaylor
Legalized Bribery is an Oxymoron - must END
09:05 AM on 05/06/2010
G0LDMAN and JPM are SHORTING GREECE RIGHT THIS MOMENT TO MAKE A LEVERAGED K1LLING and DRIVING EUROPE AND THE WORLD INTO A MASSIVE CRISIS BIGGER THAN SEPT 2008!

We MUST STOP JPM AND G0LDMAN!
08:52 AM on 05/06/2010
Gee professor, aren't you performing Paulson's role for him? Isn't this the shock doctrine all over again? Didn't Argentina just basically declare itself bankrupt not so long ago, tell the IMF to get lost, wash its hands of debts and start anew and aren't they doing just fine now? Methinks your solution favors too much the usual suspects: the big banks and some irresponsible politicians.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
jcaunter
Profile: schizoid, INTJ, IQ145
08:51 AM on 05/06/2010
Let's be *very* clear here. The Greeks WILL default on their debt. The only question is when. They average Greek citizen is perfectly aware of the costs vs. benefits of a default, and they have correctly determined that for them, personally, defaulting is the way to go. THAT is way you see the massive social unrest unfolding in Greece right now; it's not an expression of impotent rage, but the result a very logical and considered desire to force Greece into bankruptcy.

http://beforeitsnews.com/news/40223/Greece_Will_Default_Gold_Will_Vault.html

Too bad the MSM isn't going to tell you THAT. But by God, it's the truth. So get your MREs ready and head for the bunker.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
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09:52 AM on 05/06/2010
Totally agree. Get rid of the corrupt government and false promises of the casino banking backed welfare state, go for the gold standard, not the fool's gold, Greek people!
03:19 PM on 05/06/2010
Greece might default on its debt and there've been analysts encouraging if not predicting it on CNBC and Bloomberg. I don't think breaking out the MREs is necessary, though. This is more fear-driven market hissy fits. 900 point drop then a recovery to -300 down so far.
08:28 AM on 05/06/2010
The "Debt Bomb" has gone off in Greece, thanks to socialistic welfare entitlement programs similar to what we've created in America. Before our debt bomb goes off, it would be best to arm yourselves, buy seeds, and get ready.
08:59 AM on 05/06/2010
The 'arm yourselves and buy seeds' philosophy seems very defeatist. I think most of these people actually want the U.S. to implode so they can live out some kind of fantasy.

First, lets face up to the fact that the conservative party in Greece ran the place for the previous 10 years leading up this mess.

Greece's issues are a result of several things, many of which don't apply to America.

Greece's unemployment and entitlement programs are far more generous than those in the U.S.
People in Greece can retire at age 53 with full pay. Not true in the U.S.

25% of Greeks are employed by the government. In the U.S. that number is about 10-12%.

There is a culture of corruption in Greece that far exceeds the corruption in the U.S. Tax evasion has been an accepted activity in Greece for decades. Virtually nobody in Greece pays what they are supposed to pay in taxes. Tax evasion in the U.S. is not nearly as widespread.

The U.S. debt issue can be resolved rather easily at this point.

1. Roll back Bush's tax cuts. And that includes the tax cuts for the middle class.
2. Get out of Iraq and Afghanistan and roll back much of the U.S. military presence around the globe.
3. Reduce military spending by 15-20%.
4. Raise the retirment age.
5. Crack down hard on Medicaid and Medicaire abuse.
6. Introduce a VAT.
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
LHoney
REINSTATE GLASS STEAGALL!!!
09:14 AM on 05/06/2010
Please add to your list the END of Corporate Welfare which is rampant in this country and never sees any daylight.
ThatsTheTheWayItIs
religion, ideology, partisanship are delusional
09:17 AM on 05/06/2010
US banks caused this problem. The US is the most capitalist nation on earth, with the least entitlement programs. It is failing because of that.

Unlike Greece, 70% of US debt is held by Americans, almost all of them rich.
At least $1.5T are the direct result of Bush tax cuts for the rich.
About $300B a year; they used that money to buy T Bills.

Now they hold our debt. The solution is simple: print money and pay it back.
Note that inflation deflates assets, but also debt.
Since most Americans have no assets but lots of debt, they will benefit.
The rich will get poorer.

US debt is almost 100% of GDP; at the end of WWII it was 125%.
The top income tax rate was raised to 71%, until lowered to 50% by JFK.
Vets (the working class) got free/cheap houses and college education.
It was called "The GI Bill", though you might call it socialism.

Result: greatest economy in the world, and a middle class.
We will do it again. If it really bothers you, build a bunker.
09:34 AM on 05/06/2010
Just curious - what transpired during Carter years before Regan cut taxes and how does that fit into into your neat little economic theory?
09:42 AM on 05/06/2010
But we have higher corporate taxes, stronger emission regulations and stronger regulations for most everything raising our costs. You seem to know everything - do you think what I said is true or is it just propaganda that is telling me that? Please back up your answers with data so to convince otherwise.
08:27 AM on 05/06/2010
Oh please let the American taxpayers bail you out. Why not? We have everyone else.
07:58 AM on 05/06/2010
IMF funds (i.e., US tax dollars) are part of the bailout. Why should Americans bailout European banks who own Greek bonds? These banks made money off of Greeks living on credit and now Americans are guarenteeing their profits. The IMF loans do not even get first paid back before the Euro banks do. Just as banks had to be bailed out by the government to prevent the house of debt from collapsing, so now the governments who absorbed that private debt have to be bailed out to prevent debt-ridden governments from falling like dominoes. The only ones left to pay for this continuing disaster of debt are working families in America, the only people left actually paying any taxes.
08:16 AM on 05/06/2010
Why? I think we can pay now, or pay a whole lot more later and longer, with not only a destabilized global market whacking us, but a destabilized Europe. We've seen both of these things before, and they are disasters that cost billions of dollars and thousands of lives in depressions, and armed and cold conflicts.

The lesson we find hard to learn is not to let things get too big to fail. We get seduced by the siren call of easy money and big growth that bubbles and financial innovation promise, and get sucked into weakening our regulations and putting ourselves up as collateral for whatever get-rich-quick scheme the elites sell to our lawmakers.
ThatsTheTheWayItIs
religion, ideology, partisanship are delusional
09:24 AM on 05/06/2010
They shouldn't. Instead Goldman should "make good" all the bad CDOs Greece bought.