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Sir Ken Robinson

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As Science Turns Its Attention to Feeling

Posted: 01/13/2012 6:51 pm

Science is now discovering what artists have long understood: that nurturing our feelings is vital to the quality of our lives and that intellect and feeling are intimately connected. For the past 300 years the dominant view in Western culture has been that intelligence is mainly to do with certain sorts of logic and reason. This view evolved through the European Enlightenment and established science and a particular sort of rationalism as the main sources of intellectual authority. The achievements of this worldview have been spectacular, including the explosive growth of technologies and unprecedented advances in medicine, in communications and in our understanding of the physical universe.

Science has transformed human life in what is, in geological time, the beating of a wing. There have been many benefits. There's also been a high price. Among them is the exile of feeling; within science itself, in our culture in general and especially in education. For proponents of pure reason and objectivity, feelings are messy and misleading. Feelings have even had a bad press in psychology and psychiatry, the scientific disciplines that focus on human behavior and motivation. Significantly, the histories of both are mainly about negative feelings, emotional disorders and mental illness.

There's no doubt that there's a plentiful supply of all of these. One of the reasons is the chasm between thinking and feeling our culture has opened up. The social and economic costs are incalculable. At one end of the spectrum there are the huge numbers of people who are chronically disengaged at work or in school because they find it all pointless and unfulfilling. At the other are the jaw-dropping numbers who are critically addicted to alcohol, tobacco or drugs as a way of stimulating or suppressing their feelings.

There is a shift taking place in the status of feeling, within science itself and in the broader culture. The movement in Positive Psychology, spearheaded by Martin Seligman, Dan Gilbert, Sonja Lyubomirsky and others, is an important part of it. George E. Vaillant is a psychoanalyst and research psychiatrist at Harvard University. In Spiritual Evolution, he sets out a sustained defense of emotions and their role in human well being. There is an important difference between negative and positive feelings. Negative feelings include shame, hate, anger, guilt, fear and contempt. Positive feelings include joy, love, compassion, hope, happiness, forgiveness, awe, gratitude and delight. Vaillant notes that modern science is coming to accept the importance of emotions, even though the tendency in some quarters is still to accentuate the negative. He notes that in 2004, the leading American text The Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, half a million lines in length, "devotes 100 to 600 lines each to shame, guilt, terrorism, anger, hate, and sin; thousands of lines to depression and anxiety, but only five lines to hope, one line to joy and not a single line to faith, compassion and forgiveness."

Vaillant argues that the negative emotions originate in the older parts of the human brain and are dedicated to individual survival. The positive emotions evolved later and are what bind us to each other: "The positive emotions are more expansive and help us to broaden and build. They widen our tolerance, expand our moral compass and enhance our creativity... Experiments document that while negative emotions narrow attention ... positive emotions, especially joy, make thought patterns far more flexible, creative, integrative and efficient." For thirty-five years, Vaillant directed the Harvard Study of Adult Development. "In the first 30 years leading the study," he says, "I learned that positive emotions were intimately connected to mental health."

One of the aims of Positive Psychology is to promote a greater sense of 'mindfulness': to go beyond the daily chatter of your mind and the endless agenda of tasks and anxieties that often drive it to a deeper sense of your own being and purpose. In Fully Present: the Science, Art and Practice of Mindfulness, Susan Smalley and Diana Winston show that the benefits of practicing mindfulness include reducing stress, reducing chronic physical pain, boosting the body's immune system, coping with painful life events, dealing with negative emotions, enhancing positive emotions, improving concentration, improving relationships, reducing addictive behaviors, enhancing performance in work, sports and education, and stimulating creativity. This is a to do list that we could all do with.

Being mindful is not about improbable poses and relentless optimism. Learning to live mindfully, say Smalley and Winston, "does not mean living in a perfect world, but rather living a full and contented life in a world in which both joys and challenges are givens." Although mindfulness does not remove the ups and downs of life, they say, "it changes how experiences like losing a job, getting a divorce, struggling at home or at school, births, marriages, illnesses, death and dying influence you and how you influence the experience ... In other words, mindfulness changes your relationship to life."

Being mindful also revitalizes the relationship between thinking and feeling. One of corollaries on the rise of science has been a schism between the arts and sciences. The sciences are thought to be all about truth and objectivity: the arts about feelings and creativity. Neither stereotype holds up. There can be great objectivity in the arts and huge creativity in science: and deep truth and feelings in both. As science turns its attention to feeling, it may rediscover old common ground with the arts and with the humanities too. It's on that common ground that we could restore the balance in our lives and create new approaches to education and working life that will nourish and sustain it.

 
Science is now discovering what artists have long understood: that nurturing our feelings is vital to the quality of our lives and that intellect and feeling are intimately connected. For the past 30...
Science is now discovering what artists have long understood: that nurturing our feelings is vital to the quality of our lives and that intellect and feeling are intimately connected. For the past 30...
 
 
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02:10 AM on 01/21/2012
Emotions are a pretty straight forward biological activity, whether we can make predictions about it or not. Same goes for art and creativity. The only people I ever hear claiming these things are baffling science, are people making religious arguments. I've never seen a pro-science person think there is some conflict.
10:07 AM on 01/17/2012
My life is encapsulated by the sciences—I'm in medical school, I've been a scientist on one level of rigor or another for the last 20 years.

And yet, my peers are painters, photographers, singers, musicians, brewers, & appreciators of the finer aspects of life just as much as they are scientists. Some live dual worlds & are professionals in both! I think to dismiss science & scientists as divorced from the world of feeling & spirituality is to make a judgement too soon. My yesterday? Studying in the morning, jazz in the afternoon. My Saturday? Studying in the morning, performing in a cabaret in the afternoon & evening. My today? prayer, meditation, & study in the morning... class in the afternoon.
07:09 AM on 01/17/2012
Seems very similar to Thich Nhat Hanh books. Great reads.
09:37 PM on 01/16/2012
The intellectuals ( scientists) of the European Enlightenment were more connected to their feelings then they would like to have us believe. All scientists for that matter, their ridgid no feelings stance is a form of fear then anger and contempt. I don't believe their achievments could be possible without the feelings of love or hope in their chosen fields.
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LSULinebacker64
TRUTH, FAITH, & TRUST in your HEART, SOUL, & MIND
01:16 PM on 01/15/2012
What's the Hardest most Difficult word to understand in the English speaking language? Answer: UNDERSTAND!! Why? Pay attetion and read...>>

It's hardest for others to understand an see where it is you're coming from within yourself... Within your own Heart, Soul, & Mind... Your own Feeling, Emotion, & Thoughts... There's only 2 that know it, yourself & God... Those around can try their best but can only guess where you maybe... A man made machine can be placed on a person's body but still not surely know what is inside that person...
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Weirdo
"It's a Wall Street government"
10:14 AM on 01/15/2012
Is science just discovering that emotions are good, or simply coming to an understanding of how? This is a subtly anti-science, anti-rationalist article. I bet you could find legions of psychologists who would tell you that emoting is an integral part of being healthy, yet they're scientists who rationally study the human mind. You write as if "science" is a monolith of anti-feeling, anti-emotion, when the best science is a blend of the imaginative, intuitive, and rational.
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02:12 AM on 01/21/2012
I think you said it better than I did. Kudos.
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jf12
Esta vez saldré como las otras y me escaparé.
11:11 PM on 01/14/2012
But this article doesn't have a scientific feel to it.
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12:01 AM on 01/15/2012
Good one.

P.S. But that's because you're not responding (feeling) correctly. (Couldn't resist.)
06:42 PM on 01/14/2012
The long fast downward road
Where Gods fail at every step
In the end only stability matters
Layers of one's self and layers of others
To the next interest
While others cauldrons churn
The faintist ideal and the lowlies of man
For not all are just a stumble
But are they
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cadawa
05:29 PM on 01/14/2012
The arts emcompass another kind of truth; non linear, life enhancing.
04:49 PM on 01/14/2012
Speaking as a Therapist, Counsellor and Healer, one of the common mistakes Professionals make (I've done it too) is to attempt to place rigid definitions on the "human condition" e.g. behaviour, feelings, attitudes, mental health, mental "problems", what is "positive" or "negative", what is "right" or "wrong". Then, once the rigid definitions are laid down as Dogma/Doctrine, everyone/everything gets assessed within these rigid confines. Dogma then "owns" what is put forward as "truth". Dogma "rules". The Human Experience is so multi-layered/multi-dimensional it will ALWAYS be BEYOND "rigid Dogmas" / professional assessments. "Feelings" are intense, physical energy DRIVEN by Mind Beliefs/Programmes. That's why "feelings" can lead us down such destructive paths. ALWAYS what's in our MINDS comes FIRST - and then is EXPRESSED in physical energy we call feelings/emotions. A recommendation: NEVER make major decisions/take big actions in a state of hot/intense emotions - whether joy/pleasure or anger/hostility.. "Best choices" usually come from a "cool mind" !
recless
Evidence first. Believe later. Maybe.
01:17 AM on 01/15/2012
Humans are meaning making machines... we all put our own subjective meaning to any label, even the empirically based ones. That isn't just a problem for therapists, it is a real problem across the board. Combined with the drop in our reading comprehension levels, seems odd to me that anyone makes any relationships work.

But I have to disagree with you that the human experience will always be beyond science. Unless you can show that the human experience is "supernatural" in nature, then there is no reason whatsoever that empirical study will not produce an accurately-predictive model.
06:43 AM on 01/15/2012
Recless - what I said was the human experience will always be beyond RIGID DOGMAS.
Meaning - the more fixed and rigid we are with our definitions of how people/things are the more likely it is that we'll come across people/things which we perceive as being OUTSIDE our dogmas - and the more likely it is that we'll perceive the "outsider" as a "problem". Relying on our rigid dogmas to define/understand ourselves - or anybody else - is akin to looking through a few windows on the ground floor of a 2 story house and believing you know the whole truth of the whole house - just by looking through a few windows from the outside. The conundrum faced by Science is that it wants/attempts to define the UNDEFINABLE. So too do rigid/fixed dogmas and doctrines. Truly, once we drop our dogmas and embrace the undefinable, we experience far fewer "problems".
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methodman
02:38 PM on 01/14/2012
I have also studied books along lines closer to what you are writing about. The Right use of Will Series starting with Original Cause. or the 4th book which deals with Blame, relaitonship, rage, lline of sight, stuff like that is hard to pin down where it intercepts into most people's world. Since I don't hold many relationships.
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methodman
02:31 PM on 01/14/2012
I disagree that feelings are personal. They come out of disciplines. For example when I am learning a Piano piece by the end of it I better be responding differently then when I began or I haven't learned it. There are categorizations to discuss things and showing and accuracy and aligning and for example using different types of lines for my angles to show different causes so I can discuss several events on one scene. I would call a feeling. Certain shades of gray by a skillful artist(not me) will cause a detail and a highlight and a story line and desires to pop forward. When I am doing my homework right I expect that some interesting imagination will dawn on me. or questions that selectivly show themselves based on the size of my angles will happen and backward questions also. That steps me to create an additional reference point and add an event and frustratingly see if it ties into joining the original line of interest. All this while being geometrically retarded which I am. Truth be told.
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LSULinebacker64
TRUTH, FAITH, & TRUST in your HEART, SOUL, & MIND
12:58 PM on 01/15/2012
Feeling come from WITHIN Yourself.... WITHIN YOURSELF!! PERSONAL.... If they never let out or shown.... Some never do show themselves on the outside.... It's TOTALLY PERSONAL....
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methodman
02:18 PM on 01/14/2012
This is fascinating. I am working with Head First Geometry and The pendulum workbook by Bote Mikkers taking this exotic vocabulary and by degree of the lines and how steep the slope making several smaller property assessments. I really woudn't call this feeling as much as I would call it tuning. I agree different causes are more portrayed better at certain slopes. However you when you are good It is in the broad land and not self-contained land and this is what is too frustrating about the math books. LIke the brilliant Ivers Peterson. He is a great writer. I am an idiot! I can't follow it. It pulls and ties together ciricuulum from several places. Math is the only subject as an archivist that is hard to archive. Even the math books in the classroom are good but the Archive Personal written biographical and populist math stuff is too frustrating, not self-contained and not anointed with the disciplines of where one has to look being available to anyone unless they are in a University town.
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Anybodyseenthepopos
אני כלום בלעדיהם
10:58 AM on 01/14/2012
Feelings are purely subjective. In an attempt to understand the world around us science has attempted to objectively identify the laws of nature.

That said, as far as human life is concerned; man is not a rational creature, but rather a creature that rationalizes. Feeling rules life; and mindfulness is all important.
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jf12
Esta vez saldré como las otras y me escaparé.
11:47 AM on 01/14/2012
Thoughts are subjective too.
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Anybodyseenthepopos
אני כלום בלעדיהם
01:09 PM on 01/14/2012
You just think so ;-))
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02:17 PM on 01/14/2012
As jf12 says, thoughts, like feelings, are subjective too, but both result in objectively observable actions, have observable (and sometimes measurable) physiological correlates, and, well, change the world. Something that powerful should have been seriously investigated a long time ago.
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englishman545
English Born, Brooklyn Raised
02:55 PM on 01/14/2012
They didn't feel ilke it.
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englishman545
English Born, Brooklyn Raised
08:27 PM on 01/19/2012
Here a "rational experience I have had", I grew up liking horror movies, Boris Karloff, Lon Chaney Jr, still do. In many movies there is a late at night graveyard scene where the characters are walking through a graveyard in the dark under a full moon. Standard scene.

In 1985 My Puerto Rican Wife's father died, he lived in the country in Puerto Rico.

Later in the evening after the funeral my wife tells me 'she took some dirt from her Father’s grave and was afraid he would haunt her to return it".

So there I was at midnight, climbing over a small stone wall to the cemetery, under a full moon, while my wife watched from the car with the headlights shining into the cemetery.

I couldn’t believe I was living out a scene from movies I had watched.

Found the grave, made it back to the car in record time!

Today’s horror movies are too gory, except Underworld….
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10:48 AM on 01/14/2012
Yes, I've come to believe that human nature consists primarily of two powerful survival instincts (excluding the sex drive) in a constant dance with each other. I think of them as the yin and yang of our nature----fear and empathy.

BOTH are essential for our survival but, without doubt, the fear instinct is more powerful and must be harnessed, whether by "mindfulness" or otherwise. Otherwise, in a world where we can destroy the threatening "other" with nukes, nanobots, geno-weapons, stuxnet worms, etc, we will end up also destroying ourselves as well. And that's a sure recipe for unhappiness.