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Steven Chu

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A Safe, Secure Nuclear Future

Posted: 06/08/11 01:22 PM ET

I am in Russia meeting with business, government and scientific leaders about opportunities for partnership between our two countries. One of the most important areas where we need to work together is on nuclear power and nuclear security.

In a speech I delivered earlier today, I mentioned a letter that Albert Einstein wrote to President Roosevelt in 1939, at the dawn of the atomic era. Einstein's letter correctly predicted that nuclear power would become "a new and important source of energy in the immediate future." But he went on to alert the President to another possibility -- less certain, but much more ominous -- that Germany was seeking to create "extremely powerful bombs of a new type," capable of destroying an entire port and some of the city that surrounds it.

More than 70 years after Einstein's letter, the fundamental challenge he outlined remains one of the most critical issues scientists and our governments must grapple with: harnessing the power of nuclear fission for peaceful and productive uses while guarding against the most horrific and destructive weapons the world has ever known.

No nation can tackle this challenge alone. We must face it together.

Russia has a proud tradition of scientific and technological achievement. Through robust cooperation today, we can bring our brightest minds together to promote the peaceful use of the atom in a manner that is safe, secure and minimizes proliferation risks.

President Obama and President Medvedev have made nuclear cooperation a priority. Our nations have agreed to broaden and deepen collaboration to strengthen security at nuclear facilities, to help prevent proliferation and acts of nuclear terrorism, and to promote safe and responsible civil nuclear energy.

The U.S.-Russia Agreement for Cooperation in the Field of Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy which recently entered into force, represents a major step forward in U.S.-Russian cooperation on civilian nuclear power. The agreement allows for stronger commercial ties, provides new opportunities to collaborate on research and development, and advances our nonproliferation and nuclear security objectives.

In addition to promoting safety, the U.S. and Russia have a special responsibility to reduce nuclear dangers. The signing and ratification of the New START Treaty was a historic moment in our relationship and an important milestone for nuclear security and nonproliferation. It built on long-standing and ongoing cooperation between our countries in these areas.

For example, together we have accelerated the return of Russian-origin Highly Enriched Uranium, including both fresh and spent fuel from other countries. Working together and with others, we have returned approximately 1,590 kilograms of HEU to Russia for final disposition -- which is equivalent to more than 60 nuclear weapons.

The U.S. and Russia have partnered to accelerate the conversion of Russian research reactors from the use of highly enriched uranium to low enriched uranium. This complements ongoing international efforts that have converted 23 research reactors since 2004.

Russia and the United States have both shut down our weapons-grade plutonium production reactors -- an enormous nonproliferation achievement. Last year, Russia permanently shut down its last operating weapons-grade plutonium production reactor.

Our two countries have gone even further -- each committing to convert 34 metric tons of surplus weapons plutonium into mixed oxide fuel for civilian reactors.

Additionally, since the late 1990s, we have partnered with Russia to install radiation monitors that can detect smuggled nuclear and radiological material at Russian border crossings. Each side agreed to fund 50 percent of the total work scope of approximately 380 border sites. We are on schedule to complete all airports, seaports, and vehicle and rail crossings by the end of 2011.

Our cooperation is helping keep dangerous nuclear materials out of the hands of terrorists. Looking ahead, the U.S. and Russia have the opportunity to share our experience and work with other countries to promote nuclear security and to combat terrorism. Together, we can help peaceful nuclear energy realize its potential -- and grow our economies, strengthen our security and build a healthier, safer planet.

 
 
 
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02:39 PM on 06/19/2011
Why isn't our government CDC bureaucracy investigating the cause of the 23% increase in new born and prenatal infant mortality in 8 Northwestern cities after the Fukushima meltdown?
Strong suspects are Strontium 90 CS134 CS137 Iodine 131

http://counterpunch.org/sherman06102011.html
After all, it is their job to protect all of us, even the youngest of us.
Don't lie and tell us it's budget cuts. This is truly a national security issue.
Without an exhaustive study of this issue, when Professor Chu promotes safe nuclear power, he could be accused of practicing sloppy science.
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fireofenergy
Promote freedom AND science
10:32 PM on 06/12/2011
Obama killed Yucca Mountain which is good.
This means that we will probably let the inefficient and dangerous LWR expire in favor of the molten salt varieties. After all, only a reactor that can passively shut down, that can fission spent nuclear fuel, and that can fission thorium is the ONLY kind of reactor we would ever need.

I learned a bunch about how we should not use solid fuel to power planetary civilizations!
02:47 AM on 06/13/2011
We will still need a place like Yucca even if we do not have LWRs. Navy submarine cores are LWR and last 20 years. Even with LFTRs we will still need to put LLW for a couple hundred years. Probably WIPP would be a better choice.
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05:59 PM on 06/12/2011
Japan may be onto something here

"Japan May Shut All Nuclear Reactors by Next April"

http://www.cnbc.com/id/43334220/Japan_May_Shut_All_Nuclear_Reactors_by_Next_April
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
tulsey
I was Bill Hicks.
04:46 PM on 06/12/2011
Nukes are safe and cost effective, Climate change is a hoax and tax cut for the rich will save the economy, Ant more questions?
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tulsey
I was Bill Hicks.
03:55 PM on 06/12/2011
I'm no Nobel Prize winner. but I must respectfull disagree with Dr. Chu. Nukes are not the way, as has been recently demonstrated in Japan. Uranium is a commodity scam, they can't put a meter on the sun. And that's before you even address the security risk. If the Germans can't get it right, and the French are lying, what does that tell you?
02:50 AM on 06/13/2011
Every nation has to decide their energy policy for themselves. While Japan and Korea have no natural resources to claim as export (coal, oil, gas) they do still want to participate in the global economy. Large scale manufacturing (Toyota, Kia) relies on baseload energy.

What is right for the Germans, may not be correct for other countries. Germany has a strong socialist Green Party. The French political and energy model is quite different.
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Hannalee
haben sind gewesen gehabt haben geworden sein
09:51 PM on 06/20/2011
Apparently each country WILL be deciding its own energy issues on its own. I would keep an eye on France next. The nuclear industry and other pro- groups like to cite France as a successful case history. They probably have done it as well as it could be done. But the majority of the population does not like nuclear power, and they haven't liked it for decades. They too, just like the Japanese, want to look for alternatives now. They may get more vocal now.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Michael Mann
Nuclear Educator
01:54 PM on 06/12/2011
Even with yesterdays LWRs and once through fuel use, the volume of used nuclear fuel, including mining is 1/19,000 the waste of coal per unit of energy and it is all monitored and contained. I have seen 40 years of used fuel from a 600Mw PWR safely stored in a 40ftx40ftx40ft pool .
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tulsey
I was Bill Hicks.
04:06 PM on 06/12/2011
"All monitored and contained". Nothing can go wrong...go wrong...40 years? Check back in a few thousand.
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ABACADABRA RABBIT
04:22 PM on 06/12/2011
His brain cannot understand history or fathom long stretches of time.
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Jeff Rosenbury
I love all people -- in the abstract
05:51 PM on 06/12/2011
Why are you planning to live that long?

And don't tell me about our grandchildren. Without nuclear power our race won't live another 100 years. As our technology improves we are finding more and more ways to accidentally kill ourselves as a species. It is imperative we colonize somewhere beyond earth. This can't really be done without nuclear power.
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grn1
12:13 PM on 06/12/2011
"More than 70 years after Einstein's letter, the fundamental challenge he outlined remains one of the most critical issues scientists and our governments must grapple with: harnessing the power of nuclear fission for peaceful and productive uses while guarding against the most horrific and destructive weapons the world has ever known."

which of course is nuclear energy, a passive killer
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10:42 AM on 06/12/2011
With all due respect, Dr. Chu, it's time for us all to get beyond nuclear. This is one area where we cannot afford typical American complacency any longer. Forces in power (energy corps in bed with our govt) are ramping up their nuclear PR campaigns to lull Americans into a false sense of security about their nuclear ambitions. It's already begun leading to revisiting plans to store it in Yucca Mtn (my home state, only 80 miles from where I live).

To start, please sign the petition with Beyond Nuclear to call upon NRC to suspend the operation of the 23 GE Mark I Boiling Water Reactors in the US. http://www.beyondnuclear.org/
KarasudaJay
My micro-bio is empty.
01:17 PM on 06/12/2011
Yes, suspend them, that would do wonders for the energy supply in the US, which is already a concern. People need to stop dreaming nonsense, if the US is going to remain competitive and the world cleaner, we need to promote industry in the developed world where standards are higher instead of nonsense proposals like this designed to push industry into countries with cheaper energy and lower standards.
04:08 PM on 06/12/2011
Moving beyond nuclear doesn't eliminate the need for a deep geological storage. We've already made the storage and dose commitment for the 65,000 tons of existing used fuel and stopping nuclear power means stopping the technology needed to reduce the total volume and shorten time needed to sequester the material.
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tulsey
I was Bill Hicks.
04:43 PM on 06/12/2011
Curtailing the proliferation of nuclear power in no way abrogates the need to deal with the waste.
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Dean S6
My job is to poke holes so you can fix your story
09:45 AM on 06/12/2011
Chu... I have a problem with you. You can NOT tell me that building "new, safer" nuclear plants with help from Russia is in our best interest if the original interest of reducing the accumulated waste from the old reactors hasn't been solved yet.

I want more than stuffing waste into a mountain or over stockpiling barrels of spent fuel in waste pools and calling the issues resolved. Tell me that you've found a way to degrade the radiation of the waste generated and THEN tell me nuclear is "safe."
KarasudaJay
My micro-bio is empty.
01:17 PM on 06/12/2011
New plants are a way of reducing waste from old plants.
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ABACADABRA RABBIT
04:15 PM on 06/12/2011
How and with which technology?
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Jeff Rosenbury
I love all people -- in the abstract
06:10 PM on 06/12/2011
Chu is offering more than stuffing the waste in a hole. He is offering to burn it in new plants. But like most no-nuke people you aren't educated enough and not willing to learn.
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tulsey
I was Bill Hicks.
06:36 PM on 06/12/2011
Would that we could all be a smart as you.
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09:16 AM on 06/12/2011
I live 800 miles away from the nearest nuclear plant and still don't trust them.
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ABACADABRA RABBIT
02:59 AM on 06/13/2011
AMEN!
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09:08 AM on 06/12/2011
What a joke that "safe" and "nuclear" are in the same sentence.
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Dean S6
My job is to poke holes so you can fix your story
09:47 AM on 06/12/2011
just like "clean" and "coal," am I right?
KarasudaJay
My micro-bio is empty.
01:18 PM on 06/12/2011
Or "affordable" and "alternative"?
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HUFFPOST PUNDIT
aligatorhardt
Cut on the bias
05:45 AM on 06/12/2011
Even nuclear power plants that operate without a serious accident, reveal increased cancer rates downwind and those cases have been seen to decrease after reactor decommissioning.  Childhood Cancer in South Florida Study Finds Cause in Nuclear Plant Radiation Emissions  
When serious accidents occur, the damages can be extreme and the effects can last virtually forever. We have no need to endure this level of risk. Explain why we should encourage unnecessary damages? We have much better ways to make electricity. If nuclear power was banned, and nuclear weapons were banned, there would be no legitimate reason to mine uranium, enrich uranium, or create plutonium. that would make it easy to determine that any reactor activities could only be done for illegal means. That would place great hardship on someone trying to obtain nuclear material or any use of it once obtained.
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HUFFPOST PUNDIT
Dnietz
politics is obsolete
03:46 AM on 06/12/2011
The reality is that no nuclear power plant is totally or absolutely safe. And when that "unlikely" disaster strikes, the cost is too high to even think about.

We already and currently have the technology to power our entire nation (and the world) with totally safe and clean green renewable energy.

It is also affordable, if you take into consideration the subsidies that our nuclear industry gets, they prices we pay for the power, and the un-calculated cost of pollution and damage the spent fuel and leaks cause.

We haven't even sincerely tried yet. But the calculation using our current technology don't lie. Covering even 10% of the state of New Mexico with solar cells would power our entire nation.

Then add to that, the rest of New Mexico. most of West Texas, Arizona, Nevada and you get the picture. Then add to that all the wind generation turbines that could be built around our Great Lakes region.

And those are just two basic ideas that don't include any new innovations or technologies.

If you say such projects are expensive, then tell me how much does a nuclear power plant cost. Then tell me exactly how many trillions we have spent securing oil in the Middle East. And how much will it cost to undo the damage caused by the coal in Appalachia and the oil spills in the Gulf.

The price of not converting to green energy is too high.

And just imagine, all the millions of people that would be put to work building all these massive green energy farms. And imagine the impact on our economy when the cost of future energy drops dramatically. How many businesses and industries could start and thrive if energy prices go way down?
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librainstars
even the smallest things in life make a difference
08:33 AM on 06/12/2011
F&F
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Michael Mann
Nuclear Educator
10:35 AM on 06/12/2011
You link to an article at anti-nuclear website is hardly proof of anytrhing. Thr american cancer society says:Most studies on radiation and cancer risk have looked at people exposed to very high doses of radiation in the settings above. It is harder to measure the much smaller increase in cancer risk that might come from much lower levels of radiation exposure. Most studies have not been able to detect an increased risk of cancer among people exposed to low levels of radiation. For example, people living at high altitudes, who are exposed to more natural background radiation from cosmic rays than people living at sea level, do not have noticeably higher cancer rates.
People who work in nuclear power plants may be exposed to higher levels of radiation than the general public, although their exposure levels are monitored carefully. Emissions of radiation from nuclear power plants are carefully monitored and controlled. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), nuclear power plant operations account for less than one-hundredth (1/100) of a percent of the average American's total radiation exposure.
http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/CancerCauses/OtherCarcinogens/MedicalTreatments/radiation-exposure-and-cancer

http://www.epa.gov/radiation/understand/perspective.html
http://www.cleanenergyinsight.org/interesting/wednesday-fact-series-npps-dont-cause-cancer/
KarasudaJay
My micro-bio is empty.
01:19 PM on 06/12/2011
Well, what about people who live at high altitudes, fly a lot, and work in a nuclear power plant way up on a mountain that they have to use airplanes to reach? Did you think of that one, Mr. Smartypants?
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HUFFPOST PUNDIT
Dnietz
politics is obsolete
01:49 PM on 06/12/2011
I didn't link to any article

and it is silly arguing about the dangers of radiation

for every article you link to saying it isn't significant, I can point to 10 that say it is
there is no point in arguing that
if that is what you believe, nothing I say or show you will change your mind

the majority of the world already knows that radiation is detrimental to health
I don't need to convince you if that is where you are coming from

The issue I brought up is that people have been fooled into thinking that leaks can be prevented
and they can't
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ABACADABRA RABBIT
02:25 AM on 06/12/2011
Maybe the Green Party is the way to go:

"Green Party of California makes major announcement urging immediate closure of nuclear power plants at Diablo Canyon, San Onofre to 'promote safety' for humans, environment

GREEN PARTY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS RELEASE

SAN FRANCISCO (May 3, 2011) - The Green Party of California - the state's only ballot-qualified environmental political party - at a news conference here today in front of PG&E called for the immediate closing the state's nuclear power plants at Diablo Canyon and San Onofre.

The Greens, meeting at their statewide convention this past weekend, approved a resolution calling for the "immediate closure and decommissioning of the state's nuclear power plants at Diablo Canyon and San Onofre... to promote the safety of all Californians and our fellow living beings, and to protect our natural environment."

The Green Party noted the "Fukushima nuclear power plant catastrophe in Japan is a wakeup call for all Californians that this energy source is neither safe nor sustainable...The entire nuclear power life cycle is already fraught with inherent risk and is multiplied by the possibility of human error."

In a recent letter to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Senators Barbara Boxer and Dianne Feinstein noted that "roughly 424,000 live within 50 miles of the Diablo Canyon and 7.4 million live within 50 miles of the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station.""

http://www.cagreens.org/press/pr110502.shtml

I am seriously considering changing parties.
KarasudaJay
My micro-bio is empty.
01:20 PM on 06/12/2011
Yes, exactly what the CA economy needs, a shortage of electricity.
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ABACADABRA RABBIT
03:01 AM on 06/13/2011
Ok, Dick Cheney.
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ruleoflaw66
And I'd opt out of 'fans' too if I could.
01:07 AM on 06/12/2011
Germany and Switzerland have the only real answer--End nuclear power, now.
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ABACADABRA RABBIT
02:21 AM on 06/12/2011
F+F
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Dnietz
politics is obsolete
03:34 AM on 06/12/2011
totally agree