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Steven Cohen

Steven Cohen

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Learning From Japan's Catastrophe

Posted: 03/14/11 10:12 AM ET

The images and stories of the devastation caused by Japan's massive earthquake are heart wrenching. We see countless examples of extraordinary acts of human courage and generosity as the local, national and world communities struggle to respond to this catastrophe. Japan, a nation that has long ensured that its buildings were built to withstand earthquakes and well drilled in emergency response, suffers under the weight of this unavoidable natural event. It is, of course, small comfort to know that the loss of human life could have been far greater if the quake had taken place somewhere less well prepared. The destruction is massive and the loss of life is beyond comprehension. We search for explanations for the unexplainable and for some rational structure within which we might understand this horror.

For those of us wedded to the idea of human development, we try to draw lessons from the catastrophes we manage to live through. One lesson we need to learn is that the impact of natural disasters will continue to grow. When I was a teenager back in the ancient 1960's, there were about three billion people on Earth. In New York City this past Sunday March 13, 2011 at 11:15 AM , the World Population Clock estimated there were 6,878,805,516 people on the planet. Starting in 2007 the majority of those people lived in cities, and many of us live along coasts and in other places that put us in the pathway of probable natural disaster. If human history tells us anything, that will not change, and as our population grows to a probable peak of ten billion, it will only get worse. It is not that we will see more natural disasters; it is that our human population and built-up settlements are increasingly vulnerable to them.

What do we do? Part of what we need to do is actually what Japan has done: ensure that our buildings and infrastructure are built to be resilient and capable of surviving the disasters that we may someday experience. We must also develop and maintain the organizational capacity and equipment needed for rapid emergency response. In this time of government fiscal stress in the United States, we need to resist the tendency to disinvest in emergency capacity due to the low probability of utilization.

Along with the development of large industrial cities, we very quickly developed large urban fire departments. We didn't ban the use of fire; we simply knew that crowded cities required professional fire fighters. Now that buildings have become more fire resistant, it doesn't mean that we disband those departments, but adapt their missions to modern threats such as terrorism and toxic release response. Now that our crowded planet makes us all more vulnerable to disaster, we need a global response that resembles what cities did at the start of the industrial age.

We are experiencing a global need that requires a global response. We must build international disaster response organizational capacity that is predictable, well managed, competent and accessible to all nations suffering from disasters. When natural emergencies impact human populations several times a year, they should no longer be seen as non-routine events requiring non-routine response. It is time to create the equivalent of a global Fire Department and an international 911 phone number. Just as a governor in the United States can mobilize the National Guard for state level emergencies and can request assistance from the President if the state's Guard is overwhelmed, presidents and prime ministers need to be able to call on a well trained World Guard to routinely respond to natural emergencies.

A second key lesson emerged a day after the Japanese earth quake as the complex and vulnerable technology at several nuclear power plants began to fail. Japan generates about a third of its electricity from nuclear power plants and cannot easily do without them. Despite the many safeguards built into the plants, we all learned that they could still explode, melt down and leak radiation into the environment. The lesson here is the need to wean ourselves off of vulnerable toxic technologies. The 20th century tendency was to construct massive centralized industrial facilities. These took advantage of economies of scale and made energy and many consumer items available at low cost to the broad public. The development of low cost information and communication technology has led to outsourcing and networks of suppliers and production processes and to smaller and more specialized modes of production. When we see the damage now done to these huge, capital intensive nuclear power plants, we begin to understand the potential for diseconomies of scale. In the case of power generation, we need to move toward smaller scale, decentralized and less toxic facilities. This holds the potential of making the power system more resilient and reduces the risk of catastrophic failure.

Of course hindsight is 20-20, and many of the lessons we might learn from this disaster, must be deferred while we all help with response and reconstruction. There will be time for reflection later, and without question more information must still be analyzed. Before the earthquake there had been a great deal of analysis in the media about the challenges of Japan's stagnant economy and opportunity structure. A crisis like this could be seen as yet another setback or as a galvanizing force that facilitates national revival. Here in New York, many predicted that the catastrophe at the World Trade Center would negatively affect New York City's future as a great world city. Instead that horrific event brought us together and demonstrated our ability to overcome adversity. Perhaps Japan will also find strength and unity as it emerges from the grief and horror of this overwhelming disaster.

 

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03:27 PM on 03/14/2011
We will never be prepared for what nature will do. An earthquake is constantly in the making, and I will predict an increasing number of such. The melt down of the glaciers not only addes wzater to the ocean, it adds weight. As the weight increases it will constantly cause the plates to adjust. This adjustment will reswult in more marine-based earthquakes as well as landbased quakes.
12:51 PM on 03/14/2011
And, the nuclear industry does a fine job creating demons. The correct action of pointing out the huge expense, unresolved issues, and dramatic risks is not demonization, just accuracy and honest conveyance industry itself refuses to do.

Let's calculate the emissions from the last blast... it's not zero. Then add emissions from the required mining, transport, waste storage, defense...

Someone isn't being honest.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ritamary
12:47 PM on 03/14/2011
Mr. Cohen is certainly correct when he says "In the case of power generation, we need to move toward smaller scale, decentralized and less toxic facilities". However, in the United States where profit is more important than any other consideration, will we be wise enough to change?
12:44 PM on 03/14/2011
Calling for Obama to cancel the $8 billion check he gave the nuclear industry and getting taxpayers off the hook in cases of accident and terror attack is the first step.

If it's safe and profitable, why do they need taxpayer subsidies?
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Richard Bartholomew
My micro-bio isn't empty.
02:47 PM on 03/14/2011
I agree. Either power generation stations using fission reactors are financially viable or they are not. If they cannot suvive without infusions of tax money then they are not viable---period. On the other hand, a leash needs to be slapped on intervener-instigated overregulation.

Of course safety needs to be taken very seriously. However, the interveners have on interest in safety, they're only objective is to destroy the nuclear power industry. The safety issue is a ruse for them. Safety measures commensurate with the risk need to be implemented---no more no less.
Genders
Love, Tolerance, Enlightenment
04:08 PM on 03/15/2011
Rahm and Axelrod lobbied for the nuclear power industry. What do you expect?
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MikeDu
Both salubrious and lugubrious concurrently.
12:10 PM on 03/14/2011
My thought on the topic is the death toll resulting from the Japan quake may eventually turn out to be higher in Libya than in Japan! American media seems incapable of following more than two stories at once. There's Japan, there's Libya, and there's Charlie Sheen - so one of them has got to be dropped from the news cycle. Do you recall in 2008 how the media complained about Obama 'doing too much'? He was making it difficult for them to keep their talking points straight. Does this really seem like a good time to destroy National public Radio, considering how corporate media is floundering currently?
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Richard Bartholomew
My micro-bio isn't empty.
02:49 PM on 03/14/2011
It's kind of like fast, correct, cheap: pick any two.
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Pamwings
Pam Malone's Blog
11:34 AM on 03/14/2011
Nuke explosions are not a natural disaster. It would be wonderful to think, that seeing what just happened in Japan, we would finally stop promoting nuclear energy, which President Obama loves to link with clean "new" technologies. Unfortunately, we didn't learn after 3 Mile Island or Chernobyl, so we won't learn now. Human life becomes expendable when it gets in the way of a big entrenched industry.
11:55 AM on 03/14/2011
The nuclear industry is "big entrenched?" The nuke industry in this county has been on life support for more than 30 years. I can list about 100 industries that I would have rather invested in over the last several decades than the nuke industry.

Other countries perhaps, in the USA nuclear power has been about as popular as Charlie Sheen at a young childs birthday party.
Genders
Love, Tolerance, Enlightenment
04:09 PM on 03/15/2011
20B$ industry. sounds alive to me.
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ritamary
12:48 PM on 03/14/2011
Big entrenched industry means big profits and big campaign donations.
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scrogginsfarms
proud daughter of the american revolution
11:08 AM on 03/14/2011
you article has some good points, but your urban existence prohibits you from one major revelation.
for those of us who live in the rural areas of america, and the world, have been storing food and water in preparation for just such a scenario. every person in america should have at least 1 years worth of food and and a reliable source of water, and some method to purify said water, since most casual water bodies would be unfit to drink straight.
with the news that a large number of those suffering in japan right now, have not had food or more importantly water since the initial quake. now there is news that one of their volcano's is active presents a very serious situation. in the end, you cannot depend upon any government, or organization, you must depend upon yourself. now i understand this might be a difficult prospect for some on the left, but,
Proverbs 22:
3 The prudent see danger and take refuge,
but the simple keep going and pay the penalty.

http://texastephisright.blogspot.com/2011/01/are-you-prepared.html
10:56 AM on 03/14/2011
The 1986 nuclear reactor accident at Chernobyl in Ukraine spread radioactivity and death over eastern Europe and despair in the Western world’s nuclear power industry. Chernobyl, along with the non-lethal accident at Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania in 1979, sent the industry into decades of decline.

Enviro-groups will predictably leverage the new enviro-hysteria of “Fukushima” to stop the expansion of nuclear power in America. Just as they have used the examples of Chernobyl and Three Mile Island as pejoratives against the U.S.’s current 104 nuclear power plants that provide about 18% of our electricity. Nuclear power expansion is necessary in America for economic, security and environmental reasons. The energy from one pound of uranium is equivalent to 1.3 million pounds of coal energy. Nuclear power produces none of the greenhouse gases associated with global warming.

Just as the “green screams” of “BP” demonized our oil production and oil independence, listen for the next enviro-groups’ rallying cries of “Fukushima” to demonize our nuclear energy production and energy independence.
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MikeDu
Both salubrious and lugubrious concurrently.
12:14 PM on 03/14/2011
Yeh yeh, nuclear power is the great panacea. We can have enough power for a thousand years. Still no word, though, on what to do with the mountains of poisonous/irradiated waste products of nuclear energy, though. Esepecially entire 'retired' nuclear plants after their life cycle is up. Once a safe permanent *and properly funded* storage protocol is in place we'll talk again.
Genders
Love, Tolerance, Enlightenment
04:12 PM on 03/15/2011
More predictably notice the incredible spin from the apostle of nuclear power. WOW. How many have to die from cancers, how many close calls, and lost cities does it take for you to lose you nuclear religion?

rooftop pv solar, offshore wind and waste bio fuels are the solution to our energy problems. Not nukes, No fossil. Problem is, big money, big energy owns the politicians.
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fiddler3
physicist, musician, parent
10:55 AM on 03/14/2011
Notice the complete absence of looting in Japan. Compare with the out of control looting in New Orleans after Katrina. How do you explain that?
11:50 AM on 03/14/2011
The Japanese have a very homogenous population. Perhaps the most homogenous in the world especially for its size. There are no racial minorities to speak of. Therefore none of the friction or bad history like the USA. There is a family atmosphere that is almost unheard of in the USA. Crime has always been very low. Whole libraries have been written about Japan's unique social structure. You would have to do your own reading to answer your question. There are answers, but none of which are easily replicated here or anyplace else.
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MikeDu
Both salubrious and lugubrious concurrently.
12:16 PM on 03/14/2011
By 'looting' you mean looking for food in abandoned Walmarts after a week of starving?
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Overtone
See bio on the Aesop Institute website
09:44 AM on 03/14/2011
In the case of power generation, we need to move toward smaller scale, decentralized and less toxic facilities. This holds the potential of making the power system more resilient and reduces the risk of catastrophic failure.

That is right on target. And revolutionary energy breakthroughs are being born that make that possible.

See Green Light and Cold Fusion at www.aesopinstitute.org for examples that will surprise a legion of skeptics.

A 24/7 program to validate, develop and produce these new systems can supersede fossil and Uranium fueled power production much faster than might be imagined.