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Steven Newton

Steven Newton

Posted: January 6, 2010 05:27 PM

Science Denial on the Rise

What's Your Reaction:

From evolution to global warming to vaccines, science is under assault from denialists--those who dismiss well-tested scientific knowledge as merely one of many competing ideologies. Science denial goes beyond skeptical questioning to attack the legitimacy of science itself.

Recent foment over stolen e-mails from a British research group inspired an American creationist organization to pronounce that "a cabal of leading scientists, politicians, and media" has sought to "professionally destroy scientists who express skepticism" about climate change. The Discovery Institute usually reserves this kind of over-the-top language to attack evolution, so it was remarkable to see it branch out to climate-change denial.

Despite such misleading hyperbole, science is meritocratic. Once you achieve a minimum level of education and competence, you can participate, ask a challenging question of even the most respected scientist, or submit papers to scientific journals, where research is judged by the data and methodology. Esteemed scientists face relentless criticism. This is how science works.

Even when a scientific consensus based on evidence emerges--as it has for evolution and climate change--there is opportunity for dissent. As the great physicist Richard Feynman noted, "Science is the belief in the ignorance of experts."

Science requires conclusions about how nature works to be rooted in evidence-based testing. Sometimes progress is slow. But through a difficult and often frustrating process, we learn more about the world.

Science denialism works differently. Creationists are unmoved by the wealth of fossil, molecular, and anatomical evidence for evolution. Global-warming denialists are unimpressed by mountains of climate data. Denialists ignore overwhelming evidence, focusing instead on a few hoaxes, such as Piltdown Man, or a few stolen e-mails. For denialists, opinion polls and talk radio are more important than thousands of peer-reviewed journal articles.

Denialists often appeal to the ideal of fairness, arguing schools should "teach the controversy" and address "evidence for and against" science, as in then-Sen. Rick Santorum's proposed amendment to the No Child Left Behind bill in 2001. But they apply the ideal selectively to science they dislike: evolution, climate change, vaccines. They hope to cloak themselves in the mantle of science without being restricted by its requirements.

If denialists had evidence disproving global warming or evolution, they could submit it to scientific conferences and journals, inviting analysis by scientists. But, knowing their arguments don't hold water, they spread misinformation in arenas not subject to expert scrutiny: mass-market books, newspapers, talk radio, and blogs.

Understanding science has never been more important than it is today. Critical issues such as climate change and the threat of newly evolved flu strains demand greater scientific literacy among the public and politicians. As long as scientists must squander their time defending their work from denialism, we will fall behind on our fundamental responsibilities.

Steven Newton is a project director for the National Center for Science Education, www.ncse.com. He can be reached at newton@ncse.com.

 
 
 
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11:51 AM on 01/20/2010
Since when was scientific consensus a basis for validation in science? It seems historically more dangerous to stick with consensus than to question the validity.
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malzor
07:13 PM on 01/21/2010
Science is always questioning, always looking for the most probable answer, tentatively. This doesn't mean we don't know stuff, it means we do know stuff up to a certain probability.

An interesting discussion.

http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/michael_shermer_on_believing_strange_things.html
01:36 PM on 01/12/2010
What would you add to the open source belief system of Darwins Church as a mission statement / creed ?

It seems to me that famous quote by Voltaire "If God did not exist, it would be necessary to invent him" is still true but we have evolved to the time when Darwins Church with an existing infinite life membership of all from amoeba to primate, religious order to atheist group, all faiths and philosophers accept the origin of species as the natural theology. It is possible that through Darwins Church atheist's can always work through reason and ambiguity rather than in isolation / antipathy

Your comments please

Encompassing all entities
The science of life
Infinite congregation
Interdependent
Encompassing all primate belief systems, faiths, creeds, ........... from totem poles to cathedrals all that once gave social order

DarwinsChurch.com
DarwinsChurch.org
Will be an open source organisation

We evolved religions to survive, what’s the point in believing something if you don’t think it’s true? Our fears created our superstitions at the dawn of our intelligence; beliefs are built into us through ignorance. We will always have belief systems, I see no reason why we can’t have a belief system where every living thing is a member by default and is based on reason.

Church
any Christian - non-Christian religious society, organization, or "congregation": the Jewish church.
Congregation
(in colonial North America) a parish, town, plantation, or other “settlement” = the planet
06:46 AM on 01/12/2010
It's not just the US that has a problem with science education. Here in the UK it seems to be viewed by some with skepticism and mistrust. This comes mainly, I believe, from the lack of adequate education and the tabloid medias overblown claims from scientific data they don't understand. I don't know much about the education system in US but I gather a lot of the problems come from the religious republicans?

Education is the key, good quality education. Science is everywhere.

It's refreshing to see an article like this on such a popular site. More is needed though!
02:22 PM on 01/11/2010
I'm new here so Hi all,

From the recent UK media (I live in the UK) there is going to be a full inquest into the e-mail thefts and their content. Imo, it's good to keep an open mind as to what really went on and the full extent of their content and in what context.

One more thing, why isn't there a science link at the top of the home page?

Take care
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Steven Newton
04:41 PM on 01/12/2010
I think an even bigger question is why on news pages where there is a clear "science link," does the link take you to articles that have very little to do with science? Most of what we see on such science sections is technology, at best; at worst, it's about the tangential social effects of science. Only rarely does a piece discussing an actual scientific discovery appear.
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malzor
08:13 PM on 01/14/2010
advertising dollars I suppose, it's mostly junk or nonsense to swindle the gullible out of their cash
09:27 AM on 01/11/2010
Hurrah! A Huffington Post article that actually addresses the failure and danger of pseudoscientists! This makes for a refreshing change from the testimonials of the anti-vaccination crowd, the homeopaths, the spiritualists and the rest of the fringe that often dominate the pages of HuffPo. It's a shame that HuffPo is simultaneously a voice of reason in politics and a platform for charlatans and the ignorant in science and medicine. It just shows how much work reality-based science needs to do.

Thank you Mr. Newton.
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Steven Newton
04:39 PM on 01/12/2010
Thanks, bobdcat! I agree: let us strive to be "reality-based" in everything we do--science, politics, medicine.
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polystyleneman
10:21 PM on 01/10/2010
A good read, and an important one.
05:06 PM on 01/10/2010
I think it is great to see this article. I have to admit it is a bit like having someone trying to discuss vaccines at a homeopath convention.

I have gotten into discussion on HP with Chopra because of his misinformation on honeybees. I have seen article after article on new age types of medicine and those who would espouse them.

I have felt on more than one occasion that stories on questionable medicine and pseudo science has had a negative impact overall on the HP.

I hope there are more articles like this brought into HP.
01:46 PM on 01/10/2010
Great article. Science is innocent. It is what other people do with that information that becomes troublesome, whether it be ignoring it or distorting it in order to get their own message across.
There is ample evidence supporting evolution and humans' impact artificially increasing the Earth's temperature and climate patterns. I agree. The question of vaccines, however, is another issue altogether. In science, the question is everything. People who question the safety and efficacy of certain vaccines (or drugs or herbs or natural therapies, etc.) do so because we are concerned about the risk to benefit ratio of these substances. Do vaccines have the capability of reducing the incidence of certain infectious diseases? Yes. Are there other public health, dietary, and lifestyle actions that have been SCIENTIFICALLY proven to do the same thing? Yes. Do certain vaccinations also carry an as yet undetermined risk for biological and neurological insult in individuals that are sensitive or more susceptible? YES! To deny this is dangerous and immoral. To raise these questions does not deny all science and/or medical treatments. It also does not take away the evidence of the effectiveness of certain vaccines or drugs. It is however, responsible and the right thing to do because of the potential harm not asking them has on the human population.
Those who question cultural and societal norms, asking for answers THROUGH science should not be grouped with those who use talking points and ideological concepts to win their arguments.
10:39 PM on 01/08/2010
Mr. Newton. Great article. I would like to raise an issue which is a bit tangential to your article but I think still relevant. The censorship policy on this site. I think this is relevant to your question because free and open discussion are essential to rational thought and science. Countless times lately I find that comments I make which are polite and relevant get censored and the only reason I can see is that they hit too close to home for the author of the article. For example, I have tried several times to post a comment to this article:

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/robert-lanza/does-death-exist-life-is_b_410306.html

that contained a link to a review of the author's previous book by a very respected physicist (Brian Greene) I used no profanity, no personal attack, yet the comment never makes it through. I've had similar experiences with several other authors. I've also heard from several other people who have had similar experiences. As a blogger on Huffpo and someone who cares about rational discourse I encourage you to take up this issue.
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Bitsko
He of the smoldering eyes
03:30 PM on 01/09/2010
Over the past couple of years, I have often posted what I hope are rational and non-insulting comments on the many New Age threads here, but only one has ever appeared.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
09:54 PM on 01/08/2010
kids in the US rank 17th in math and science knowledge in the world.....their parents are probably worse...US can't remain a world power with such wide spread ignorance....
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Rick-K
Reality is not optional
03:31 PM on 01/08/2010
*clap* *clap* *clap*

Nicely done, Steven.

It's a relief to see someone at HuffPo actually recognizes that the scientific process has merit, and that preponderance of evidence actually matters.

It is truly frightening to see how many people, will sit in their warm houses, eating ample food, watching digital TV, and using a global communications network to declare that science a fraud.
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Steven Newton
05:52 PM on 01/08/2010
Thanks, Rick.

Yes, I too find that great disconnect to be baffling. Like the Tea Party protesters screaming for the government to keep its hands off their Medicare, many of those who enjoy the fruits of science and technology mock and reject the process of science.

Perhaps this is just a feature of human nature that we will never be able to overcome. For example, one could say that the best evidence for the efficacy of vaccines is that so many people, who would have otherwise died from diseases that are now all but gone from memory, are instead alive and healthy enough to rail against the use of vaccines.
01:24 PM on 01/08/2010
I hardly side with those who deny science, but I do think it's important to acknowledge that scientists aren't always ethical, and I believe that is largely what allows those who deny science a platform. There are scientists working for all drug companies and numerous corporations, including food corporations that deceive us frequently. If scientists are always ethically honest and trustworthy, why do we so often see scientific evidence presented by corrupt institutions? I will come to rely on scientific evidence and the findings of scientists only when I can stop being skeptical of them, which will likely be never. I've seen too much "science" used to defend pollution, corruption and deception to any longer have full faith in scientific research (which is usually funded by corporations or government or both). I don't deny science, but I'm VERY skeptical about many so-called scientists and their motives. This again, is exactly what offers a platform for those who deny science. So, maybe scientists should focus on improving their image through not doing as corporations or governments bid them to do. When you follow the money, it makes it extremely difficult to believe in science anymore.
01:42 PM on 01/08/2010
Great points. Yes, many scientists do make mistakes, while other have "sold out" (Clean Coal?). Speaking of mistakes, here's one of my favorite quotes:

“There is not the slightest indication that nuclear energy will ever be obtainable. It would mean that the atom would have to be shattered at will.” — Albert Einstein, 1932

Scientific consensus doesn't mean something is a proven fact. Fortunately, science is a constant learning process, and mistakes can be forgiven. Selling out, however, cannot.
04:46 PM on 01/08/2010
Finding the truth isn't easy. This has always been the case. You should always look at the credentials, funding, and other bias of a scientist or anyone who is trying to convince you of anything. So if you are not going to listen to scientists on issue such as global climate change who ARE you going to listen to? Politicians, newspaper reporters, anchors on TV? Do you honestly believe they are less under the influence of corporations and other sources of bias?
10:41 PM on 01/08/2010
I suppose my problem is that I do look at the "credentials, funding and other bias[es] of [scientists] and anyone who is trying to convince [me] of [something]." Corruption and "selling out" seem to be epidemic these days in all industries, which is why I haven't listened to politicans, read the newspaper or watched television news in over a decade. The greatest thing I derive from the Internet is that I can choose my news sources. This allows me to find a wealth of information from various perspectives in the international community. Ultimately, I make up my own mind based on the evidence before me once information has been gathered from a number of sources (sounds a little scientific doesn't it?). I understand that often there are no definite answers, but I would trust scientists, poltiticans, and most "professionals" a lot more these days if I saw more integrity in the world. In the end I am always skeptical, mostly due to what you point out--that there are few sources out there that are not biased, and more and more it appears that people in general (not to mention journalists and the like) have come to accept that bias is a good thing to have.
11:46 AM on 01/08/2010
Sorry - sentence should have said "Climate Change is NOT solely caused by temperature variations."
11:45 AM on 01/08/2010
I am a highly educated, well read Liberal Democrat. Yet, admittedly, I am classified as a "Denier". Why? Did I wake up one day without any common sense? No, not at all. Please let me state my case.

The biggest environment problem we have on this planet is pollution, if which C02 emissions are a part. I find it ridiculous to limit our concerns to C02 emissions, when our rivers, drinking water, oceans, land, and food are all being contaminated with toxins and chemical waste. The term "Global Warming" was cast aside for a reason -- think about it. "Climate Change" was chosen to take it's place, yet everyone assumes it means "Global Warming". It does not. Climate Change is solely caused by temperature variations. Climate Change is a "blob" of a word which is vague in meaning, and if it is suddenly disproved, people will likely say "Oh, everything's OK then!" Everything is not OK, and we are killing this planet with insane levels of pollution, strip mining, destroying our rain forests, poisioning our water supply, etc.

Climate Change legislation has become focused on bogus "Cap & Trade" solutions that are merely economic transfers, not solutions to solve the problem. If we start with pollution, everything else falls under the umbrella. "Climate Change" always has, and always will continue to occur with or without mankind living on the planet.
07:18 PM on 01/11/2010
Anthropogenic Climate Change is the problem.
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realpolitic
When in Rome.......
09:08 AM on 01/08/2010
Nothing is harder than debating climate change with a denier. They believe anything presented by the far right, like the Congressman Inhofe list that names several hundred scientists who disagree with climate change, yet includes the names of the Spice Girls, etc. In other words, anyone can sign. Then when presented with a legitimate study that says 94% of scientists back the consensus on man made climate change, they then scrutinize it in detail saying only a small number were actual climate scientists, although most were in related fields. They repeat lies with little thought of the value of integrity, like the oceans are not rising, and they point to a single tidal station as a measure. They love to point to outlier years, like the low Arctic ice extent of a couple years ago, to pretend the Arctic ice extent is growing instead of continuing to decline. Their arguments are so silly they have to be intelligent enough to know they are false, but then they just want to cynically delay change. I have not heard it expressed so well as to say: "They hope to cloak themselves in the mantle of science without being restricted by its requirements." It is a hopeless argument with deniers as they value right-wing opinion as the highest standard of proof and scorn science as work done by elites that is not subject to democratic approval by the masses. They want science to be subject to a vote!