Before we can strive for excellence in education, we need to first achieve parity in its quality. Today, an American High School diploma is two years behind the International Baccalaureate and its European counterparts. The IB focuses on the development of the whole child as an inquirer, both in the classroom and in the world outside, and becoming a critical and reflective thinker.
It is time for an American International Baccalaureate equivalent, not just to raise expectations, but to demand them.
The core of the curriculum is math, not just as a subject, but as the fundamental path to analytical thinking. The teaching method is "math inquiry", a philosophy of teaching where children explore mathematical concepts and construct their own solutions. The primary goal is not to achieve proficiency in Calculus II, but to gain a full comprehension of logical, critical and creative thinking with a holistic and concurrent teaching of all branches of mathematics, including analysis, algebra, geometry, discrete math and logic. The sectional way in which math is taught today is counterintuitive, and the cause for the apprehension so many children feel towards the subject. Imagine learning a language this way; one year you learn vocabulary, just a long string of words, next year you learn grammar, and so on, years later you will not be able to think or to fluidly express yourself in the language. The same is true of mathematics.
That same principle is then applied to the teaching of all disciplines; grammatical analysis is taught in a language class, history is taught with an emphasis on cause and consequence, cycles, and political perspective.
Learning a second or third language also contributes greatly to the development of conceptual thinking and creativity. As a professional interpreter, I know that no two words are exact equivalents; each word is a unique concept, each language has a unique perspective. The aim, once again, is to broaden the child's mind and curiosity.
At high school level, the core of the IB program is a course called Theory of Knowledge. The following is the course description given by the International Baccalaureate Organization:
Theory of knowledge The theory of knowledge (TOK) requirement is central to the educational philosophy of the Diploma Programme.
It offers students and their teachers the opportunity to:
- reflect critically on diverse ways of knowing and on areas of knowledge
- consider the role and nature of knowledge in their own culture, in the cultures of others and in the wider world.
In addition, it prompts students to:
- be aware of themselves as thinkers, encouraging them to become more acquainted with the complexity of knowledge
- recognize the need to act responsibly in an increasingly interconnected but uncertain world.
As a thoughtful and purposeful inquiry into different ways of knowing, and into different kinds of knowledge, TOK is composed almost entirely of questions. The most central of these is "How do we know?"
It is a stated aim of TOK that students should become aware of the interpretative nature of knowledge, including personal ideological biases, regardless of whether, ultimately, these biases are retained, revised or rejected.
TOK also has an important role to play in providing coherence for the student as it transcends and links academic subject areas, thus demonstrating the ways in which they can apply their knowledge with greater awareness and credibility.
Wouldn't this be a better world if everyone who will ever read a paper, listen to talk radio or watch the news, would have taken this class -- a sort of "vaccination" against absurdity?
The goal is to teach a child to learn, to connect the dots, to convert data into information, and information into knowledge. Life will bombard children with information, the ability to thread relevant facts together and to separate what is logical from what is not will set then on their respective paths as life long learners and independent thinkers. They will excel, not just because of the knowledge they accumulated in school, but because learning itself was the lesson learned -- like a bookshelf yearning to be filled. Teaching concepts instead of raw data will make all future learning a natural process of assimilation, not memorization. We are only in school for a few hours during a few years; the rest of our knowledge will be acquired throughout our lives. Being able to separate the illogical from the logical, recognizing cause and effect and threading information together is the most important thing a school can teach a student.
Math is the language of logical learning and questioning; more math does not mean harder math. On the contrary, as with all languages, practice makes perfect. Mathematical reasoning should flow with the same ease as one's first language, especially at the elementary and middle school levels. It becomes a familiar thought process, not open to interpretation, rot, or memorization. Math is the only thing not subject to an opinion; it imprints an intelligent rejection of anything that does not hold up to reason.
An inquiring mind is encouraged, including questioning authority, as an analytical mind is the only way to exercise objective and responsible free will. If we dot teach children to process and compile information through a question mark, democracy itself becomes a parody.
I once received a call from my son's high school counselor. She was calling to tell me that he was questioning authority. I answered with obvious delight, "Thank you, that is wonderful!" My mistake; she was under the impression she was delivering bad news. She ranted a few words to this effect, so I tried to clarify, "Did he defy your authority; was he disrespectful?" I knew my child and I knew the answer: "Not at all, but he is questioning authority!" I replied that I thought that such was the goal of education and asked what she thought I was sending him to school for. She hung up mid sentence and I was left with a deep sense of guilt for not being able to afford the kind of education for my son I had been lucky enough to receive.
I have gone to many parent-teacher conferences where, regardless of the subject taught, projects, drawings, glue and paste what you learned exhibits, were what the teachers had to show for their curriculum.
My son was fortunate enough to go to one of the best public middle schools in the country. I remember he was assigned a project about Manzanar, the prison camp where American citizens of Japanese descent were held during WWII. His assignment was to build a diorama of a barrack. It was a lot of work, but while he cut, built and pasted, his questions were more often about how to glue sand to cardboard and where to find miniature furniture than about the constitutionality, or rather, the unconstitutionality of the event, the constitution being a separate lesson and another project. The real teaching moment was missed; he never learned about the xenophobic behavior people exhibit and questionable interpretations of our constitution the government displays during hard times. History was literally reduced to a shoe box.
With a solid and comprehensive education behind them, we can send our children out into the world eager and ready to acquire information and prepared to assess, dissect, and utilize it everyday for the rest of their lives.
Early on, for mostly ignorant political reasons, the International Baccalaureate was rejected. Today, over one thousand public schools in the United States have embraced it, most with remarkable results, found in IB's Programme validation studies, but the education crisis is a national crisis, not a neighborhood problem. The solution is not a fix, but a rebuild at a national level, one with mandatory standards. The political roadblocks are as numerous as are the politics that have brought our schools to their knees. In my next blog, I will expand on theses political entanglements squeezing our children from the right and from the left.
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I'm currently in an IB school in New York and coming from India, where the educational system was very rigid and just book based knowledge, the IB opened my mind to whole world of possibilities. As you mentioned, TOK is an extremely unique subject in the IB program, it lets the students think in different areas of knowledge and the various ways of knowing too and hence, giving a 360 perceptive on almost every topic under the sun. It helps students to analyse and critically examine and question things; no matter how simple or mundane that thing might be.
Hence, having a good, open minded system where teachers and students can interact and question all that they learn not only encourages the student but, also helps them in becoming well rounded able citizens.
For this to happen, encouraging teachers, like the ones in my school, and the IB program can truly benefit the American student population while also making learning an enjoyable process.
The IB program helps children develop not only in terms of facts and figures but also encourages the students to question these precise facts. The IB wishes to mold students into well rounded, citizens of the world, and this is especially true due to it's internationalism in terms of the courses.
The IB's aim is to encourage their students to be open-minded, communicators, critical and questioning individuals and most importantly risk takers. With many available educational boards not just in America but, world over, they discourage the students from taking the first step into something new and undefinable. To me, thats the beauty of the IB, to be able to explore areas of education and the world that might not have been available in any course book and it isnt without research that they can come up with their own answers.
I the second paragraph, I refer to it as the American International Baccalaureate equivalent, I really do not care what it's called as long as it is equivalent. The IB is obviously regionally adapted anyway, so it is the semantics you have an issue with. Well, so do I, but when I picked the title I did it with a full awareness of the jingoistic nature of our time.
Promoting the idea into a national mandate, under any name, will be the uphill battle.
I was wondering why you wanted an American version of the IB? I'm in an IB school in America, and it is great! Wouldn't making a new program take longer?
I take IB Theory of Knowledge, and appreciate your comment about the IB (and especially that class) functioning as a ""vaccination" against absurdity". Thanks for writing this!
I the second paragraph, I refer to it as the American International Baccalaureate equivalent, I really do not care what it's called as long as it is equivalent. The IB is obviously regionally adapted anyway, so it is the semantics you have an issue with. Well, so do I, but when I picked the title I did it with a full awareness of the jingoistic nature of our time.
Promoting the idea into a national mandate, under any name, will be the uphill battle, but I write-in campaign, to teachers and their unions, school boards and politicians could be part of the process. Keep in touch.
As a teacher of the class described relatively accurately here as "a sort of 'vaccination' against absurdity" (Theory of Knowledge), I can't help but find this kind of censorship ironic.
I would be grateful for an explanation that I can share with a group of students to whom I am trying to teach the virtues of both critical thinking and civil discourse.
Thank you very much for pointing this out, I would've hated to lose your comment.
As far as our local schools, getting rid of half of the pencil pushers, like the one you speak of and many others I met, would free money for good teachers and teacher training.
I agree that TOK is a powerful course that encourages the kind of critical thinking skills students need and few schools foster. Your assertion that the world would benefit if more people took TOK is right on. Every day, I have the privilege of seeing how students who take TOK think, and their approach to understanding their world gives me tremendous hope. Obviously, I would love to see every school in the country offer TOK as a “vaccination” against absurdity, blind faith, and fallacious reasoning.
But I disagree with your conclusion that best way to encourage this aim is through what you call an “American Baccalaureate”. The International Baccalaureate already exists, and its growth in American public schools has been staggering. Why not simply encourage this growth further? If TOK is the worthy educational experience we agree it is, shouldn’t our goal be to offer the IB to as many American students as possible?
You dismiss implicitly the possibility of the expansion of the IB in the US, citing political opposition to the organization in your final paragraph. But political forces against any national curriculum—which is what an American Baccalaureate would be—are much stronger than those against the IB’s growing position in public education.
I couldn’t be happier to find a fellow TOK enthusiast here, but rather than advocating for a solution that does not exist, I challenge you to embrace fully the course and the IB.
Now, maybe you can help selling the idea to the teachers and the teacher's union.
today's youth to be successful in their adult life.
I look forward to the next installment.