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Tim Lynch

Tim Lynch

Posted: May 27, 2010 03:29 PM

Criminalizing Friendship: Immigration Foes Overreach

What's Your Reaction:

Do you know anyone that is in the country illegally? If you do, you had better watch your step. Millions of Americans may have violated federal immigration law and are probably unaware of it. That's because federal prosecutors are taking an expansive reading of a law against "concealing or shielding illegal immigrants."

There is a federal statute that says, "Any person who knowing or in reckless disregard of the fact that an alien has come to, entered, or remains in the United States in violation of law, [and] attempts to conceal, harbor, or shield from detection, such alien in any place" is in violation of federal criminal law.

What does "shield from detection" mean? According to federal prosecutors, it means "to protect from or to ward off from discovery." The implications of that interpretation are enormous.

Last year, in a criminal prosecution, the trial judge instructed the jury that "shielding from detection" meant "the use of any means to prevent the detection of illegal aliens in the United States by the Government." In the past, the federal laws were used most frequently against smugglers who help individuals sneak into country, but the laws can also apply to persons who help aliens remain in the country long after a border crossing.

Some courts have interpreted the federal statute narrowly--as applying only to persons who engage in conduct that "substantially" conceals, harbors, or shields aliens from detection--like those who supply false papers or those who operate "safe houses." Other courts, however, have ruled that even mild actions violate the law (pdf). Advising an alien to go to and from work without talking to strangers, to abstain from joining sports and other community activities, and to avoid certain parts of town, can be considered illegal acts, which means fines and jail time for the "friendly tip."

It has been estimated that there are 11 million illegal immigrants in the U.S. If so, there must be millions of other people (citizens and legal immigrants) around them, such as neighbors, friends, and co-workers, who may have unknowingly violated federal criminal law by simply wishing them well and urging them to remain "low key" so as to avoid detection.

No one should expect a wide-ranging "crackdown" by federal prosecutors. We all saw how the feds backed away from taking any action against the cute girl who revealed the vulnerability of her family to Michelle Obama. The enforcement of this law will be infrequent and arbitrary. States like Arizona, however, could raise the stakes by replicating the federal statute (How could President Obama and the Attorney General object to that?) Still, as bad as that might be, we have a much bigger problem. Even if this particular immigration law does not affect your life, chances are there is another criminal law that does. Legal experts are coming to the frightening realization that most of us are on the wrong side of the law! That should disturb people from all across the political spectrum.

Tim Lynch directs the Project on Criminal Justice at the Cato Institute and is the editor of In the Name of Justice.

 
 
 
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HUFFPOST PUNDIT
Lisette53
I am the 99%
07:50 PM on 06/05/2010
Ratting our your neighbors to save yourself or out of prejudice...what does that remind me of?
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FairProgressive
Liberalism is totalitarianism with a
08:18 PM on 06/01/2010
Illegal Immigrants Crime Spree in WA.

One woman is dead and two others were raped recently and police say each crime was committed by a different illegal immigrant. One of the sexual assaults happened just hours before the Seattle city council passed an ordinance boycotting Arizona over its new immigration law.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
bccmeteorites
Don't believe everything NASA says.
08:25 PM on 05/31/2010
Sneaking across the border is conspiratorial in nature because it requires extensive planning and many actors.

A RICO claim can be predicated upon the violation of many federal criminal statutes including illegal immigration.

In H.J. Inc., the Supreme Court ruled that the factors of "continuity" plus "relationship" combine to form a pattern. A series of criminal acts satisfy the "continuity" requirement if they last for a substantial period of time or if they threaten to continue indefinitely. An example of the last type of continuity occurs when a mobster threatens: "pay me two thousand dollars a month or I'll break your legs" and is arrested after the victim makes two payments. The pattern lasted only two months, but it threatened to continue indefinitely, i.e., but for the mobster's arrest, he would have continued to collect two thousand dollars per month forever and ever.

In addition to continuity, the criminal acts must pass the "relationship" test, i.e., have "the same or similar purposes, results, participants, victims, or methods of commission, or otherwise [be] interrelated by distinguishing characteristics and are not isolated events." If the defendant's racketeering activities satisfy the factors of "continuity" and "relatedness," then the defendant will be found to have engaged in a "pattern of racketeering."

"If conspirators have a plan which calls for conspirators to perpetrate the crime and others to provide support, the supporters are as guilty as the perpetrators." (This is an actual court ruling under RICO)
08:22 PM on 05/30/2010
I say give AZ back to Mexico,it starting to cost us way too much money.They can have McCain as well.
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HUFFPOST PUNDIT
Puller58
Man of Mystery
05:33 AM on 05/30/2010
Ah, the Cato Institute rears its head. Libertarian think tank that would like to do away with the border patrol and let the country go to Hell as long as big buisness is happy. Waving the "Big Brother" bogeyman, homeboy wants to make the law appear oppressive. Well, helping an illegal alien is breaking the law. And the law exists for a reason. Of course this crowd would simply insist that free markets would solve the problem, and if you didn't like having immigrants crowding you out, you could just move. And pray tell, how many times would you have to move to escape expanding barrios with their increased crime, poverty, and dysfunctional culture? I used to be a fan of Libertarianism, but with clowns like this guy and Rand Paul, I'm getting really sick of it.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
John fulano de tal
11:49 AM on 05/28/2010
"The definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over and
expecting different results." Benjamin Franklin.

Does Benjamin Franklin’s advice not apply to Washington’s “been there done that†default approach to immigration reform and the “war on drugs�

I support the Amiable Annexation of Mexico as one or several states.
Relieve the American taxpayer of the medical, educational, and loss of jobs costs from Mexico’s poor. AND, give the hardworking people of Mexico a chance to prosper in their own state!

I support the legalization of all drugs. Just say no to the war on drugs. Regulate, tax, and rehabilitate. Gain beneficial controls an uncontrollable situation.

I as a retired US Border Patrol/ICE Agent, will not vote for another politician who does not endorse (or at least seriously discuss) these ideas.
07:22 PM on 05/28/2010
“Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.â€
This quote was made by Albert Einstein. For centuries the people of Mexico have been trying to wrest power and wealth from the hands of the Elite, including a couple of revolutions, and so far have failed to do so. Thinking that the USA Government and the USA Taxpayer can do what the people of Mexico have been unable to do for so long seems to me to fit Einstein's quote quite well. Instead we should be encouraging social change in Mexico by the Mexican people, instead of letting the Mexican Government solve their problem by encouraging disaffected people to illegally immigrate to the USA. Now that is trying something new.
10:05 AM on 05/28/2010
If you witness a murder should you not report what you witnessed?
If you witness a robbery should you not report what you witnessed?
If you witness an assault should you not report what you witnessed?
If you witness a drug lab on your block should you not report what you witnessed?
If you witness the dumping of pollutants should you not report what you witnessed?
If you witness a car accident should you not report what you witnessed?

Our law says that if you knowingly witness a crime and do not report it you can be considered an accessory to that crime. In the case of the car accident it is just good citizenship to report what you have seen. Why should Illegal Immigration be any different?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
John fulano de tal
12:03 PM on 05/28/2010
Yes and I hope that every time you speed in your car and/or drink and drive and endanger the lives of others that you get the book thrown at you.
03:39 PM on 05/28/2010
I never drink and drive and I never intentionally speed. And I would hope that those who do dink and drive get quickly caught. And I have found that those who speed past me on the highway usually have bad things happen to them further up the road, either accidents or pulled over by law enforcement. Where I live there is lots of rural areas where the Police make a fortune pulling people over to issue speeding tickets. Where I live only the foolish speed.
02:42 PM on 05/28/2010
"Existing" is not a crime. All of the crimes you mentioned actually hurt people. Not reporting that someone doesn't have the right government stamps isn't criminal negligence.
03:51 PM on 05/28/2010
Claiming that Illegal Immigration hurts no one is ridiculous. Per the Bureau of Labor Statistics Unemployment Report of May 7, 2010:

Construction and extraction occupations = 21.4% Unemployment
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations = 16.7% Unemployment
Production occupations = 13.8% Unemployment
Transportation, material moving occupations = 13.2% Unemployment
Service occupations = 10.0% Unemployment

Total US Unemployed Citizens and Legal Residents = 15,260,000
This figure excludes 5,951,000 Persons who want a job but are left out of the above statistics for various reasons.
Total Number of Americans Looking for Work = 21,211,000

Pew Center estimates indicate 7.5 million Illegal Immigrants work in the USA with the majority employed in agriculture, office and house cleaning, construction, and food preparation. These professions are where the worst unemployment is for us Americans.

Additionally, for Men and Women less than 20 years old the unemployment rate is 25.4%.
Meanwhile Management, professional, and related occupations = 4.5% Unemployment

Illegal Immigrants compete directly with Americans for jobs. Illegal Immigration has had a devastating effect on our Citizen and Legal Resident workforce, especially for young Americans. In fact, illegal immigration is hurting millions of Americans.

This not an issue of existence. It is an issue of Illegal versus Legal. And did you miss the subject of this article and how it complains about the laws that clearly state that shielding Illegal Immigrants from discovery is a crime?
09:43 AM on 05/28/2010
I have to pay $90 an hour for a union plumber. I know a hispanic guy who does the work faster and better for $20 an hour. When I'm not working myself, that's a huge difference. Should I go to jail now because I can't afford to pay union scale when my plumbing gets jammed up?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
dtairtime
It is what it is
10:38 AM on 05/28/2010
Hmmmm - wonder why your not working???

Do you NOT see the connection? You hire an illegal plumber, or anyone else here illegally, and then turn around and wondering why you don't have a job.

By the way there is no place where union plumbers make $90 but even if, you can still hire a non-union CITIZEN to do the job. Then he isn't unemployed like you, he isn't sending his money to another country but spending it HERE, maybe with someone who can hire YOU.
11:08 AM on 05/28/2010
The union plumber makes around $28 per hour. The union benefits and dues are another $25 an hour. The company that buys the truck and equipment, staffs the office, pays the plumber and the union, and sends the plumber out charges me $90 an hour. I don't know if the guy I hired was here legally or not, I didn't ask. I don't have a problem paying any qualified plumber a decent wage, but also paying the company's overhead and the union's overhead starts making things very expensive. And then the union guy charges based on some inflated standards of how much time the job should have taken, not how much time it actually took. And then he rounds up to the next half hour. Cheaper alternatives become a lot more attractive when you are getting gouged like that. Your arguement that if I pay those higher prices it will somehow cycle back to me is no different than Reagan's trickle down theory.
08:20 PM on 05/30/2010
They do in NYC
03:57 PM on 05/28/2010
If you want to hire a plumber without company overhead just call the local Union Hall. See if they have a Journeyman who will do the work for you without all the company overhead. Or is it that you are just against Unions?
11:55 PM on 05/29/2010
Yes, I AM.
09:07 AM on 05/28/2010
People keep saying "go after the employers, not the people". "they are here for the jobs". What about all the free medical care and education for thier kids? Why don't we take that way? Oh wait, i forgot, we can't ask if you are a legal resident, when you clog our emergencie rooms with colds and allergies and killing our school budgets with all the free breakfasts and lunches
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HUFFPOST PUNDIT
Puller58
Man of Mystery
05:38 AM on 05/30/2010
We have a "compassioniate" government. The problem is that the compassion only seems to be for illegals. If you or I were short on money, we'd get screwed.
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HUFFPOST PUNDIT
Lisette53
I am the 99%
08:07 PM on 06/05/2010
Actually we would just have to get our a$$es out to work. I had to. Then if we made low enough wages we would be entitled to all the same handouts you imagine they are getting and more, and easier.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Jennyferr
06:42 AM on 05/28/2010
How do you want the flood of illegal immigrants into the country to stop if US citizens constantly look for cheaper labour force from people with Hispanic origins? All these immigrants are here so satisfy this demand!!! http://www.civiltalks.com
08:50 AM on 05/28/2010
Those who hire ILLEGAL ALIENS should be HEAVILY fined and their business licenses should be suspended. This would dry up jobs for ILLEGALS and they would self-deport leaving jobs for CITIZENS and LEGAL immigrants!
09:11 AM on 05/28/2010
the problem is the law states "knowingly" hire. The owners just claim they had no idea their foremen were hiring illegals and they are off the hook. The poor foreman (who was doing what he was told) get the boot and the company never changes.
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HUFFPOST PUNDIT
Lisette53
I am the 99%
08:12 PM on 06/05/2010
Its a problem, now anyway because of economics and politics. What if the test doesn't work, and Americans won't really do the work for the wage. Wages cannot go up in a recession. Small businesses are dying. How bad is this recession and how much are all our lives going to change? Because even if the market supports a few dollars above minimum wage who is going to be able to do those jobs and survive? It the American lifestyle just...gonna be gone?
10:25 PM on 05/27/2010
All ILLEGAL ALIENS should be deported and those who hire them should be HEAVILY fined!
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
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01:07 AM on 05/28/2010
Such rabid nationalism always makes me nervous - perhaps it would be better for all concerned if we sent you away instead. Surely your forefathers came from somewhere? We could send you there.
08:48 AM on 05/28/2010
Sorry jajenkins - My ancestors came here LEGALLY - This has nothing to do with "rabid nationalism" this has to do with survival. We cannot continue to allow people to come here ILLEGALLY. ILLEGAL ALIENS are sucking our systems dry and costing us BILLIONS of dollars. They are also taking jobs that CITIZENS and LEGAL immigrants want and NEED! Just ask those in the 99 club.
We let thousands of people in LEGALLY - and we have laws that must be ENFORCED. ILLEGAL ALIENS and those who hire them are the ones that need to change!
DUSAA-1775
never moon a werewolf
08:54 AM on 05/28/2010
and what 'rabid nationalism ' are you referring to??
...' Surely your forefathers came from somewhere? We could send you there...'
that is really moronic
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HUFFPOST PUNDIT
Lisette53
I am the 99%
08:14 PM on 06/05/2010
What was even the slightest bit interesting about your post?
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HUFFPOST PUNDIT
Artemis34
Women can vote against the GOP or against their ow
10:18 PM on 05/27/2010
Therefore many corporations have also committed this crime, since we are saying corporations are persons. The knowingly have people working in the states on visa waiver entry (for tourism), who have overstayed their visa w/o proper extension / renewal, who are on fraudulently obtain H1-B visas and L visas.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
hjo4
you can go with this or you can go with that
08:51 PM on 05/27/2010
Great law more Americans must be made aware of this. Thanks!
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
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03:10 AM on 05/29/2010
Great laws are enforceable, this one isn't.
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Picosa
dedicated to FACTS & TRUTH
06:29 PM on 05/27/2010
I cant wait till the fed. gov. goes after themselves for aiding and abetting illegal aliens when they provide known illegal aliens with ITIN numbers to pay their taxes with.
brownfrown
Political Fundip
08:01 PM on 05/27/2010
hahah, that is an excellent point!
10:26 PM on 05/27/2010
What about the sanctuary cities? They need to be HEAVILY fined
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AZreb
equal-opportunity Independent heathen
09:18 AM on 05/28/2010
Churches, too!!!!
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
NABNYC
06:05 PM on 05/27/2010
The corporate front-group the chamber of commerce is pushing for Comprehensive Immigration Reform (CIR) to change our laws so that any business can import as much foreign labor as they want. The financial media and the politicians are out loudly proclaiming that our nation is in recovery, things are lookin' swell. The new norm will be double-digit unemployment, and when people do find work it will be unstable with no benefits and at half the pay they used to make. This is all for the benefit of corporations who like desperate workers, long lines of hungry and anxious unemployed folks, busloads of illegal immigrants being trucked in every day. This lets corporations keep wages down and keep the citizens crushed to the level of slavery.

The real objection to these laws it that they can be used against businesses which hire illegal immigrants. Those businesses should be fined or shut down, their owners should be thrown in jail. But of course we never enforce laws against the business owners. Just watch what happens with BP.
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HUFFPOST PUNDIT
Artemis34
Women can vote against the GOP or against their ow
10:22 PM on 05/27/2010
BP will be like Exxon, don't finish the clean up and don't finish paying. Go to the Supreme Court and get off the hook.
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HUFFPOST PUNDIT
Puller58
Man of Mystery
05:41 AM on 05/30/2010
Yes, and with La Raza pushing for blanket amnesty and open borders, the worst is yet to come.