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Tom Engelhardt

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A Short Washington History of Iranian Blowback

Posted: 01/18/12 11:57 AM ET

These days, with a crisis atmosphere growing in the Persian Gulf, a little history lesson about the U.S. and Iran might be just what the doctor ordered.  Here, then, are a few high- (or low-) lights from their relationship over the last half-century-plus:

Summer 1953: The CIA and British intelligence hatch a plot for a coup that overthrows a democratically elected government in Iran intent on nationalizing that country’s oil industry.  In its place, they put an autocrat, the young Shah of Iran, and his soon-to-be feared secret police.  He runs the country as his repressive fiefdom for a quarter-century, becoming Washington’s “bulwark” in the Persian Gulf -- until overthrown in 1979 by a home-grown revolutionary movement, which ushers in the rule of Ayatollah Khomeini and the mullahs.  While Khomeini & Co. were hardly Washington’s men, thanks to that 1953 coup they were, in a sense, its own political offspring.  In other words, the fatal decision to overthrow a popular democratic government shaped the Iranian world Washington now loathes, and even then oil was at the bottom of things.

1967: Under the U.S. “Atoms for Peace” program, started in the 1950s by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Shah is allowed to buy a 5-megawatt, light-water type research reactor for Tehran (which -- call it irony -- is still playing a role in the dispute over the Iranian nuclear program).  Defense Department officials did worry at the time that the Shah might use the “peaceful atom” as a basis for a future weapons program or that nuclear materials might fall into the wrong hands.  “An aggressive successor to the Shah,” went a 1974 Pentagon memo, “might consider nuclear weapons the final item needed to establish Iran’s complete military dominance of the region.”  But that didn’t stop them from aiding and abetting the creation of an Iranian nuclear program.

The Shah, like his Islamic successors, argued that such a program was Iran's national “right” and dreamed of a country that would get significant portions of its electricity from a string of nuclear plants.  As a 1970s ad by a group of American power companies put the matter: “The Shah of Iran is sitting on top of one of the largest reservoirs of oil in the world.  Yet he’s building two nuclear plants and planning two more to provide electricity for his country.  He knows the oil is running out -- and time with it.”  In other words, the U.S. nuclear program was the genesis for the Iranian one that Washington now so despises.

September 1980: Iraqi ruler Saddam Hussein launches a war of aggression against Ayatollah Khomeini’s Iran.  In the early 1980s, he becomes Washington’s man, our “bulwark” in the Persian Gulf, and we offer him our hand -- and also "detailed information" on Iranian deployments and tactical planning that help him use his chemical weapons more effectively against the Iranian military.  Oh, and just to make sure things turn out really, really well, the Reagan administration also decides to sell missiles and other arms to Ayatollah Khomeini’s Iran on the sly, part of what became known as the “Iran-Contra Affair” and which almost brings down the president and his men.  Success!

March 2003: Saddam Hussein is, by now, no longer our man in Baghdad but a new “Hitler” who, top Washington officials claim, undoubtedly has a nuclear weapons program that could someday leave mushroom clouds rising over U.S. cities.  So the Bush administration launches a war of aggression against Iraq, which like Iran just happens to -- in the words of Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz -- “float on a sea of oil.”  (Bush officials hope, in the wake of a “cakewalk” of a war to revive that country’s oil industry, to privatize it, and use it to destroy OPEC, driving down the price of oil on world markets.)  Nine years later, a Shiite government is in power in Baghdad closely allied with Tehran, which has gained regional strength and influence thanks to the disastrous U.S. occupation.

So call it an unblemished record of a kind not easy to find.  In more than 50 years, America’s leaders have never made a move in Iran (or near it) that didn’t lead to unexpected and unpleasant blowback.  Now, another administration in Washington, after years of what can only be called a covert war against Iran, is preparing yet another set of clever maneuvers -- this time sanctions against Iran’s central bank meant to cripple the country’s oil industry and crack open the economy followed by no one knows what.

And honestly, I mean, really, given past history, what could possibly go wrong?  Regime change in Iran?  It’s bound to be a slam dunk and if you don’t believe it, check out Pepe Escobar's latest "The Myth of 'Isolated' Iran"

Tom Engelhardt, co-founder of the American Empire Project and the author of The American Way of War: How Bush’s Wars Became Obama’s as well as The End of Victory Culture, runs the Nation Institute's TomDispatch.com. His latest book, The United States of Fear (Haymarket Books), has just been published. 

 
 
 
These days, with a crisis atmosphere growing in the Persian Gulf, a little history lesson about the U.S. and Iran might be just what the doctor ordered.  Here, then, are a few high- (or low-) l...
These days, with a crisis atmosphere growing in the Persian Gulf, a little history lesson about the U.S. and Iran might be just what the doctor ordered.  Here, then, are a few high- (or low-) l...
 
 
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10:25 PM on 01/25/2012
Generally speaking, people these days don’t care about or know any history, even American history. They don’t care until it burns their nose and then they see it. It has become a culture which no longer values academics or work ethics. We have a culture which seeks to shed responsibility, accountability and get somewhere or something for nothing. The culture of reality TV shows of talentless socialites who’ve accomplished nothing but have lots of notoriety and money. Everybody wants to be a rock star but nobody wants to learn how to play guitar because it takes study and work.
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Red Herring
Retired Miner, living in third world
07:01 PM on 01/19/2012
The US Military has been the "Gang That Couldn't Shoot Straight" ever since the Second World War. No more so than in Asia. And yet, they insist on stepping in more Doo Doo with Iran yet again. Iran is the monster that they themselves created by imposing the Shah after overthrowing the secular government in the 50s. You might say that the Pentagon has never seen an enemy that they have not underestimated in the past 60 years. If they do attack Iran this time I am afraid that they are going to really step in it. The Russians are preparing for war with the US and Israel. The Chinese are highly unlikely to just stand by while there investments in Iran are degraded to worthless. I read a column by Roger Cohen where he says of Natanyahu " Don't do it Bibi". It might just be time to write another that says " Don't do it Barack".
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Gracie fr
04:08 PM on 01/19/2012
I don't think the American public learned the lesson of the Iraq invasion of 2003 and the social havoc it caused unnecessarily to US troops and the Iraqi people. Contrary to Iraqi Americans who took center stage in the battle for hearts and minds, Iranian Americans are circumspect and more cautious about starting another war having seeen the disastrous outcome that is ongoing and dreadful....
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/19/a_tale_of_two_diasporas
11:37 AM on 01/19/2012
UNfortunately people do not study history far less learn from it.
This planet is run by a bunch of GANGSTERS and their thugs, so what can one expect from these bunch.
Iranian regime is also run by the same kind of people, how ever the nation is kidnapped by these two warring parts and the only choice they are left with is to suffer .
How ever the American nation needs to get a better education an impartial education free of propaganda and short sighted ness.
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niumarmion
a temporary being
09:11 AM on 01/19/2012
The European financial crisis is a small taste of what can happen when it does not take a stand to be "for us" when not participating in the Iraq invasion. That is why they will cooperate in the move against Iran. Russia and China will not interfer in the Iran operation, because we now have stealth bombers that can deliver nuclear warheads anywhere in their countries before they can detect their presence.
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Nico Jordaan
Double Standards dont apply to me!
06:26 AM on 01/19/2012
Articles like this should be on the front page of every major American Newspaper so the people in America can actually understand how hypocritical America really is. Now they are trying to play the same games in Iran and Syria, while leaving other countries they were involved in such a mess the countries don’t know how to recover and how to build a new Nation such as Libya, Egypt, Iraq……... America is like the kid that likes playing pranks on people but when it’s their turn they will rather kill or assassinate you. Under table deals with puppet presidents who can easily be disposed of maybe that’s their middle east policy at a Whitehouse or at the pentagon.
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Wisdo
semantics shamantics
09:06 AM on 01/19/2012
Nobody cares. Sorry, but thats just the way it is. Until the blowback destoys a building in downtown manhattan the vast majority of americans will go on blissfully unaware of the skullduggery the US indulges in, and forget all about it afterwards.
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Wozzeck
Pearl Bay, Australia
10:20 AM on 01/20/2012
"Articles like this should be on the front page of every major American Newspaper"

Unfortunately corporate media overwhelmingly advance the neocon viewpoint. They were complicit in selling the Iraq War to the US public. So-called "public television" and "public radio" were, and are, just as guilty as FOX or CNN. The NY Times took an active role in disseminating falsehoods about WMDs in Iraq. The author of the worst propaganda, Judy Miller, is now ensconced at FOX as a middle-east expert.
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Freenation
12:03 AM on 01/19/2012
i guess in neocons twisted world, Tom must be another lefty who is rolling over to Iran 'aggression' yet the same neocons call the shots from their arm-chairs while drinking kool-aid at the same time...
06:24 AM on 01/19/2012
Freenation big oil runs the west and Westerners aid and abet oil companies by refusing to demand and pay for infinite efficiences such as wind and solar power and riding a bike or walking. Insulation would save mega millions of barrels of oil but why bother paying for that when the price of fossil fuels can be kept down by controlling the countries which have oil. And citizens aid and abet big oil by allowing them to contribute in any way to a campaign. In fact, the west is owned by oil and must continue to fight for it. The intimate connection between Dubya and big oil in Saudi Aravia was known but the country allowed him to be appointed by SCOTUS and in the next election voted for him overwhelmingly sespite his having lied the country into war.and his lies were exposed, So stop blaming the neocons. They didn't exist in 1953 when Mossadegh was assaainated by the US and Britain. Big oil stopped the shaj from doing what Mossadegh wanted to do - nationalize oil. Saddam Hussein was executed and big oil took control of Iraq's oil. Americans etc drive vehicles with mileage far below that of the model T and have no problem killing and controlling oil producing countries. I suggest you write Obama and tell him you support his attempts to get Ammericans to use a lot less oil. There are substitutes. Demand them.
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mater
mater
06:33 AM on 01/19/2012
I Learn something new every day.
09:45 PM on 01/18/2012
U.S. Intervention in the Middle East.
http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article6308.htm
09:43 PM on 01/18/2012
Neither War Nor Nuclear-Armed Iran
http://www.payvand.com/news/12/jan/1181.html
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mu chowdhury
Truth is elusive
01:59 AM on 01/19/2012
Nor NEWclear armed Israel, US, either and the world as a matter of fact !! If you want to show your
muscle we can arrange bull-fight for the hegemons !!!
08:52 PM on 01/18/2012
Summer 1953: The CIA and British intelligence hatch a plot for a coup that overthrows a democratically elected government in Iran intent on nationalizing that country’s oil industry. In its place, they put an autocrat, the young Shah of Iran, and his soon-to-be feared secret police. He runs the country as his repressive fiefdom for a quarter-century, becoming Washington’s “bulwark†in the Persian Gulf -- until overthrown in 1979 by a which ushers in the rule of Ayatollah Khomeini and the mullahs. While Khomeini & Co. were hardly Washington’s men --------

the 1979 revolution was not a home-grown revolutionary movement without interference of East and West and without BBC Propaganda, European unions and support of Carter Administration Khomeini would not have reached his dreams to install his Autocratic Islamic Caliph rulings in Iran.
when are we going to make the plots behind 1979 Iran's revolution and Khomeini's regime know to the public... 33 years has passed and another war in Middle East on the horizon but without firing a single bullet another world costly war can be avoided and this regime will fall apart on its own
http://iranprimer.usip.org/resource/carter-administration-0
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14542438
http://www.hermes-press.com/impintro1.htm
08:06 PM on 01/18/2012
Mr. Engelhardt, Thank you for this brave and insightful article. I look forward for your next article highlighting and explaining the role of the Saudis, Kuwaitis and the rest of the Golf Oil Sheikdoms as the catalysts and the financiers to all these wars in the region since September 22, 1980.
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modeforjoe
We had the experience, but we missed the meaning
07:38 PM on 01/18/2012
Thank you, Tom Englehardt.
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Mollyj
Not Pistol Annie, it's shotgun Mollyj
03:14 PM on 01/18/2012
KAABOOOOMM!
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mu chowdhury
Truth is elusive
02:10 AM on 01/19/2012
Excellent micro-bio; today, number of killing arms and ammo
in this planet surpass its population !!
F&F
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TRUTHHURTS500
02:00 PM on 01/18/2012
Send this article to everyone you know. Put it on your Facebook page. Americans are so brainwashed and believe everything the media says. All Americans should know this so that we can full the streets in protest of another Middle East war that will only benefit the wealthy and powerful, the oil companies. The wealthy and power never send their kids to combat. We go to war with Iran, that's World War III. And you better believe the draft will be instituted. Do you want you son's and daughters dying for a BS cause. This has nothing to do with the protection of those in America, that was all propaganda fed to you.
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mu chowdhury
Truth is elusive
02:03 AM on 01/19/2012
I am a regular subscriber of TomPost.
You are in 100% agreement with me.
F&F
01:25 PM on 01/18/2012
The law of unintended consequences applies to the yahoos of Langley. If coke-addled Texas blowhard Charlie Wilson had not abused his congressional power to force the CIA to escalate its operation against the Russians in Afghanistan, 911 would have been in Moscow.

Everything we do in the middle east comes back to haunt us. Maybe that is why the youth are drawn to the isolationist libertarian Ron paul. This article is unfortunately accurate.
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linmarco
03:07 PM on 01/18/2012
Excellent post. It takes a cause to produce an effect. Now watch someone start saying this is just a bunch of liberal lies. Our government's meddling into the affairs of other nations has kept our collective butt in a crack.
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gateking
03:25 PM on 01/18/2012
Wow, it takes a cause to produce an effect. That is profound.
05:28 PM on 01/18/2012
PART II
Soviets managed to kill the president on the first try. They however screwed up trying to cozy up to the locals. In the first they snet in units with disproportionally large tadjik, uzbek and other central asian soldiers. Talk about blowback this was the real incentive for pashtuns to rise (othervise most couldn't care less about soviets). First US help was being sent by Carter before invasion. RE SA missiles at first only captured soviet missiles were sent (SA-7 captured by Israel from Egypt) and after a while US Stingers were sent in limited amount. They DID NOT have such an effect as is now advertised. Soviets were up to this point flying without any countermesures and did lose some aircraft but quickly countermesures were introduced (chaffs and flares), tactics was accordingly modified, helicopters were armed with additional machine guns and losses soon droped.
03:16 PM on 01/18/2012
that's a large part of the reason we're drawn to him, although he's not an isolationist. He's a non-interventionist. Isolationism means no contact with the rest of the world whatsoever (closed borders, no trade, no communications, no travel); non-interventionism means peaceful contact only (unless attacked, in which case one may retaliate to defend oneself).