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Are the Palestinians an Invented People?

Posted: 12/16/11 04:43 PM ET

Newt Gingrich, the leading U.S. Republican presidential candidate, has drawn fire for his claim that the Palestinians are an "invented" people and "terrorists." His statement sparked fierce condemnation from the Arab League and the Palestinian Authority. Democratic Senator Carl Levin of Michigan criticized Gingrich's comments as a cynical attempt to curry support with Jewish voters that was unhelpful to the peace process.

Gingrich made his claim about the Palestinians being "terrorists" and an "invented people" to the Jewish Channel, a cable TV station, whilst campaigning for the Jewish vote. This is what he said:

Remember, there was no Palestine as a state -- (it was) part of the Ottoman Empire. I think that we've had an invented Palestinian people who are in fact Arabs and who were historically part of the Arab community.

Under normal circumstances, one would ignore Gingrich's comments as a flippant, ignorant, and insignificant remark that was made by an aging American politician with a reputation for causing controversy. But the problem is that Gingrich is currently leading the polls for the Republican primaries. Thus, he could conceivably become the next U.S. president, if he wins the nomination; and if he wins the subsequent presidential election in 2012, he would be responsible for making war and peace as commander-in-chief. This is why everyone is taking what Gingrich says about the Palestinians seriously. Moreover, instead of apologizing, Gingrich has since defended his statement.

Whilst some commentators have criticized Gingrich's comments as being unhelpful to the peace process, few have challenged the inaccuracy of his statement. And yet Gingrich's comments display a surprising level of ignorance for someone who previously taught history to college students before he became a politician.

Every history student knows that nations are invented. On an academic level, to say that the Palestinian people are invented is meaningless, since one could say this about all nations. But to say what Gingrich said in the context in which he said it is culturally insensitive because in the process he is denying Palestinian claims to statehood.

Gingrich is implying that because the Palestinians are Arabs and because they speak Arabic, they are part of an amorphous collectivity, and thus lack the qualities -- a unique language, culture, and tradition -- associated with statehood. This is at least how Gingrich's comments have been interpreted by some in Israel, where Israeli Cabinet minister Uzi Landau agreed with Gingrich and claimed the Palestinians do not have their own language or culture, and are instead part of the broader Arab world.

The weakness of this argument is that not all nations have their own language and culture that is distinct from others. For instance, English is the national language not only of the United Kingdom, but is also a national language in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the US, and many islands in the Caribbean, which also share a similar culture, but this does not this mean that they are not nations entitled to create and maintain separate states of their own.

Gingrich's categorical assertion that Palestine was never a state since it was part of the Ottoman Empire is clearly nonsensical and misplaced. Nearly all states were formerly part of another Empire at some point in history, including the U.S., which used to be a British colony. Is Gingrich also claiming that Egyptians, Syrians, Lebanese, Jordanians, Libyans, and Tunisians, are inventions, since they were all formerly part of the Ottoman Empire? And if so, is the concept of being an Israeli not also an invention? Why focus only on the Palestinians as an invented people to the exclusion of others unless Gingrich is trying to imply that the Palestinians are not entitled to have a state of their own?

The fact that the Palestinians have never had a state is also misplaced. They seek a state, and they are entitled to one under international law. Prior to the British Mandate of Palestine, established by the League of Nations in 1922, the state of Israel did not exist. Israel did not come into existence as an independent state until May 1948 in the midst of war when hundreds of thousands of Palestinians were expelled or fled from their homes while not being allowed a right of return to them. This problem has been further compounded because instead of sharing the land with the Palestinians as envisaged in numerous peace agreements, Israel has done everything it can to prevent the Palestinians from being in a position to form an independent state in East Jerusalem, the West Bank, and Gaza. Israel has done this by maintaining its 44-year military occupation, colonizing Palestinian lands with settlements, assassinating and imprisoning Palestinian leaders, blocking Palestine's bid to become a member of the UN, and withholding funds to UNESCO, which recently admitted Palestine as a member-state.

Gingrich would be better advised to spend his time by having a candid, honest, and open conversation about how the US can create the conditions for peace in the Middle East, which the current incumbent of the White House has conspicuously failed to achieve. Making divisive, insensitive, and inaccurate historical comments is unhelpful to both Arabs and Jews, and makes the quest for peace even harder to attain.

 
Newt Gingrich, the leading U.S. Republican presidential candidate, has drawn fire for his claim that the Palestinians are an "invented" people and "terrorists." His statement sparked fierce condemnat...
Newt Gingrich, the leading U.S. Republican presidential candidate, has drawn fire for his claim that the Palestinians are an "invented" people and "terrorists." His statement sparked fierce condemnat...
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
structurequity
structurequity not oppression
01:44 AM on 12/25/2011
We should refer to this article by MJ Rosenberg:
http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/12/2011122495928144388.html
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just a voice here
Don't Tread On Me
04:52 PM on 12/19/2011
Why is it that before Israel's Independence, the Jews were the ones called Palestinians?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
elgeezr
annoying Libs daily with orgasmic gusto
02:02 PM on 12/19/2011
Ask a 'Palestinian' to show you his Palestinian Passport.
01:18 PM on 12/21/2011
Yeah. Go to Ramallah. And they'll produce a Palestinian passport for you.
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Raglimidechi
standing on fishes
12:53 PM on 12/19/2011
The Palestinians are Arabs, overwhelmingly Muslim. Arabs have resided in the Middle East since time immemorial. In the 600s they became Muslims. But from the 1600s to the 1900s the area was controlled by the non-Arab Ottoman Empire. That changed when Turkey allied itself with Germany in WWI and the League of Nations granted Great Britain a mandate to create self-governing countries to replace Ottoman control. Today there are now something like twenty-three Muslim Arab countries. In fact, however, the tiny territory (130 square miles) the Palestinians want for their own country has never hosted an organized state except for the ancient Israelite kingdom and modern-day Israel.
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Kache
Toodlum, wake up, I hear a prowler downstairs
02:27 AM on 12/19/2011
Kuwait was invented too. There are no Kuwaitis - they are Arabs.
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Gui Montag
Former Palestinian Supporter
12:43 PM on 12/19/2011
The difference is Kuwaitis are honest enough to admit that.
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Kache
Toodlum, wake up, I hear a prowler downstairs
01:02 PM on 12/19/2011
Oh really? The war known as Desert Storm was fought because the British and Americans forgot that Kuwaiti was merely an invention of British Petroleum. In the confusion they somehow had the silly notion that Kuwaiti was a country and defended it. Too bad Hebron doesn't have oil, I guess.
02:22 AM on 12/19/2011
I guess he hasn't seen the coins from the roman empire with palestine on them or aything else from Antiquity with Palestine on it. Sadly many Christians in the US believe that the only good Muslim/Arab is a dead one and many Jews believe the same. Islam is the fastest growing religion in the world and that is a threat to many. For evangelicals this has nothing to do with politics and everything to do with the end of days.
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03:21 AM on 12/19/2011
The coin says philistia, not Palestine, and the philistia of the Romans came into being be referring to by gone people, the p'lishtim, in Hebrew, who invaded the country from the sea.

The Romans' goal was to erase any trace of Jewish existence in the Jewish people's homeland after the 135 CE (AD) revolt; a very similar intent by the Muslim-Arabs who object to the very right of an independent nation-state of the Jewish people to be, to exist on any parcel of land between the River and the Sea.

Sadly, after 2,000 years of an opportunity to learn and appreciate that act by the Romans, some of us still don't realize what actually took place in Eretz Israel (Land of Israel) at the time, and how history is repeating itself.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
structurequity
structurequity not oppression
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
elgeezr
annoying Libs daily with orgasmic gusto
01:51 PM on 12/19/2011
The most amazing thing about the Arabs is, it is a wonder they ever have time to do anything because they spend so much time reproducing. Hence, "fastest growing religion".
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SheilaKhani
He who wants a rose must respect the thorn
12:09 AM on 12/19/2011
Newt is playing to certain bases and he's an evangelical christian who believes that Jesus is going to resurrect in Israel. So his biased attitude toward Israel has religious motivations more so than political.
10:08 PM on 12/18/2011
If the Palestinians are invented, then I would like to take out a patent and get the royalties.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Joe Goforth
09:25 PM on 12/18/2011
Hey world what if we just butt out and let them solve the problems. I'm sure what ever the result is the refugees will be offered a home in the world at some point. Yes just let them box each other out.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Joe Goforth
09:21 PM on 12/18/2011
It doesn't matter. What matters is that the people of the region settle their differences without outside interference.
04:32 PM on 12/18/2011
Namibians didnt exist until 1990. In fact at least 50 national peoples didn't exist until after WWII. I've lived in Palestine for years and know its history well and love its culture, and obviously the rich diversity of traditions even among cities in the West Bank (e.g. people in Al Khalil (Hebron) use words that people in Nablus don't).

But to me, the simplest refutation has always been that most of the world's "people" were invented in the post-colonial era (tribes excluded).
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
GZLives
03:03 PM on 12/18/2011
Encouraged by their success at historical revisionism and brainwashing the world with the "Big Lie" of a Palestinian people, Palestinian Arabs have more recently begun to claim they are the descendants of the Philistines and even the Stone Age Canaanites. Based on that myth, they can claim to have been "victimized" twice by the Jews: in the conquest of Canaan by the Israelites and again by the Israelis in modern times - a total fabrication. Archeologists explain that the Philistines were a Mediterranean people who settled along the coast of Canaan in 1100 BCE. They have no connection to the Arab nation, a desert people who emerged from the Arabian Peninsula.

As if that myth were not enough, former PLO Chairman Arafat also claimed "Palestinian Arabs are descendants of the Jebusites,"who were displaced when King david conquered Jerusalem. Arafat also argued that "Abraham was an Iraqi." One Christmas Eve, Arafat declared that "Jesus was a Palestinian," a preposterous claim that echoes the words of Hanan Ashrawi, a Christian Arab who, in an interview during the 1991 Madrid Conference, said "Jesus Christ was born in my country, in my land," and claimed that she was "the descendant of the first Christian," disciples who spread the gospel around Bethlehem some 600 years before the Arab conquest. If her claims were true, it would be tantamount to confessing that she is a Jew!
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california guy
04:55 PM on 12/18/2011
About a hundred years ago, two young students in Istanbul, David Ben-Gurion and Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, the future Prime Minister and President (respectively) of Israel, wrote a treatise about the Palestinians. The population of this country, they said, has never changed. Only small elites were sometimes deported. The towns and villages never moved, as their names prove. Canaanites became Israelites, then Jews and Samaritans, then Christian Byzantines. With the Arab conquest, they slowly adopted the religion of Islam and the Arabic Culture. These are today’s Palestinians. I tend to agree with them
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
GZLives
06:53 PM on 12/18/2011
The "Palestinians" themselves would disagree with Ben Gurion and you

Read carefully

""The Palestinian people does not exist. The creation of a Palestinian state is only a means for continuing our struggle against the state of Israel for our Arab unity. In reality today there is no difference between Jordanians, Palestinians, Syrians and Lebanese. Only for political and tactical reasons do we speak today about the existence of a Palestinian people, since Arab national interests demand that we posit the existence of a distinct 'Palestinian people' to oppose Zionism.

For tactical reasons, Jordan, which is a sovereign state with defined borders, cannot raise claims to Haifa and Jaffa, while as a Palestinian, I can undoubtedly demand Haifa, Jaffa, Beer-Sheva and Jerusalem. However, the moment we reclaim our right to all of Palestine, we will not wait even a minute to unite Palestine and Jordan."

Zahir Muhsein
Palestine Liberation Organization executive committee member
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california guy
04:56 PM on 12/18/2011
Seems Ben Gurion would disagree with you.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
GZLives
06:55 PM on 12/18/2011
But I'm, interested in this so called "treatise" given the only place I can find any mention of it is on the usual pro Palestinian and very biased websites but there's no real credible evidence of it anywhere else that I can find.

Can you post a link so I can read further on it
Thanks
12:30 PM on 12/18/2011
The following principle is the essential part of the Resolution 242 (November 22, 1967): "Termination of all claims or states of belligerency and respect for and acknowledgement of the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of every State in the area and their right to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries free from threats or acts of force". The Resolution pertains to the States in the area, not a word about "Palestinian people".
The UN Commission on Human Rights (!):
- "to facilitate the return of those INHABITANTS who had fled the areas of military operations since the outbreak of hostilities," E/CN.4/RES/6 (XXIV), February 27, 1968,
- E/CN.4/RES/6(XXV) 4 March 1969, the word INHABITANTS,
- General Assembly, A/RES/2452(XXIII)(A-C), December 19, 1968, the choice of words: "Palestine Refugees",
- General Assembly, A/RES/2535(XXIV)A-C, December 10, 1969, the choice of words: "Palestine Refugees",
- General Assembly, A/RES/2672 (XXV) A-D, December 8, 1970, the choice of words: "Palestine Refugees",
- General Assembly, A/RES/2792(XXVI)A-E, December 6,1971, the choice of words: "Palestine Refugees",
- General Assembly, in the years of 1972, 1974, 1975, the choice of words: "Palestine Refugees",
And in 1976, A/RES/31/110, December 16, 1976 on the "Living conditions of the Palestinian people".
02:01 AM on 12/18/2011
The only people to call themselves “Palestinians” prior to the creation of the state of Israel were the Jews who were the first, and up until that time the only, group to conceive of the land as being the home of a separate people or national identity. That was no accident since the land now called Israel or Palestine was sacred only to one people.

For centuries it was an Arab backwater, but it has been the object of prayers for two millennia for the Jews who not only never ceased to hope for the restoration of their sovereignty but also, as is rarely mentioned, never entirely left its soil. By contrast, Palestinian nationalism is, as Gingrich rightly said, a 20th century invention. It arose and flourished purely as a reaction to Zionism.
10:51 AM on 12/18/2011
Raklan all you are doing is copying and pasting from a Jonathan Tobin article entitled "Gingrich and the ‘Invented People’", don't you have any original thoughts of your own?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
MarcEdward
likes all cats more than most people
11:19 AM on 12/18/2011
"The only people to call themselves “Palestini­ans” prior to the creation of the state of Israel were the Jews who were the first"

A total lie.
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09:58 PM on 12/18/2011
no it is not
seems ure a bit short on facts marky.
read GZ's posstt for starters
01:34 PM on 12/19/2011
"Marc Edward".. No. It's not a lie.
01:59 AM on 12/18/2011
Even 50 years ago, there was little notion of a separate Palestinian political identity. After all, from 1949 to 1967 Jordan ruled the West Bank and half of Jerusalem and Egypt controlled Gaza. During those 19 years, there was no international clamor to create a Palestinian state in those territories. It would only be after Israel took control over the territories during the Six-Day War that the absence of a Palestinian state was deemed intolerable.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
MarcEdward
likes all cats more than most people
11:19 AM on 12/18/2011
" It would only be after Israel took control over the territorie­s during the Six-Day War that the absence of a Palestinia­n state was deemed intolerabl­e."

A war that Israel started.
06:37 PM on 12/18/2011
"A war that Israel started."

MORE DETAILS PLEASE!
Please give us more detail, or at least give a hint about the circumstances when "the Israeli aggressors" started the war against bucolic bedouins
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california guy
04:18 PM on 12/18/2011
Before 1776 there was no desire for the colonies in America to separate from the British Empire. Countries or enities have many different reasons to seek nationhood...Recommend you take a coarse in world history and learn them.