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Vivian Diller, Ph.D.

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Homogenized Beauty Goes Global

Posted: 04/27/11 08:05 PM ET

My confidence in the long held belief that the 'Chinese revere their elders' began to fade when a Beijing publisher was first in line to purchase the foreign rights to my book, "Face It: What Women Really Feel as Their Looks Change" (Hay House 2011). Delighted, but surprised, I heard her say that Chinese women are struggling with their aging appearance and were eager to read a book like mine to help them. During interviews that ensued with Asian journalists, I became further disillusioned. A number of them told me that Chinese culture had been moving away from its traditional attitude about Asian elders for years now. Knowledge and experience, they said, were not nearly as valued as youth and beauty. One male reporter chuckled saying, "Wise grandmas were out. Fashion and glamour were in."

So I wasn't entirely taken aback when I read about the rapid rise of cosmetic surgery in China in a recent New York Times piece entitled "For Many Chinese, New Wealth and a Fresh Face." The vice health minister there, Ma Xiaowei, was described as saying, "In just a decade, cosmetic and plastic surgery has become the fourth most popular way to spend discretionary income in China," with only houses, cars and travel ranking higher.

I knew from my own research and from watching trends published by the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS) that Asia's obsession with beauty has been creeping up close behind that of the United States. The ISAPS publishes statistics about cosmetic procedures, annually updating the trends among age groups, gender and countries around the world. According to their latest report, China, Japan and South Korea were found among the top seven countries where cosmetic surgery is performed, along with America, India, Brazil and Mexico. Mr. Ma's own estimates led him to report that, "the number of operations is doubling every year," in China, so that plastic surgery is now considered "a common service aimed at the masses."

What most surprised me in the Times article was what the general manager of a chain of Chinese cosmetic surgery hospitals said about their clients' demographics. "Two-fifths of patients are in their 20s," reported Li Bin. "Face-lifts and wrinkle-removal treatments are in vogue, just as in the West," but many of the procedures performed in mall-like clinics are more about looking beautiful than looking younger. Zhao Zhenmin, Secretary General of the government-run Chinese Association of Plastics and Aesthetics said, "Nationally, the most requested surgeries have nothing to do with age: The No. 1 operation is designed to make eyes appear larger by adding a crease in the eyelid, forming what is called a double eyelid." In other words, replacing the narrow Asian eye with a more Western looking one.

In another recent article, this one by the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, Seoul, South Korea was described as "ground zero" for Asian faces looking to get lifted. With incomes rising in China, "people are more focused on beauty and coming to Korea to get it," where the surgical techniques are considered more sophisticated. This influx is providing a boost to South Korea's beauty industry, says Sung Min-yun, head of a consulting firm that specializes in the cosmetic surgery industry. Half the women seeking plastic surgery in their clinics are Chinese and under the age of 30, the numbers having increased five fold over the past year.

Many Asian women come for surgery brandishing photographs of two very popular Chinese actresses -- Angelababy and Fan Bing Bing -- whose chins or eyes they want copied. These celebrities who have doll-like features (one who achieved her own look with plastic surgery) are currently setting the bar for beauty. They have big eyes, high-bridged noses and small faces. Apparently this leaning toward a Westernized appearance starts early; Dark haired Asian girls now favor blond-haired Barbie dolls over ones that look more like them.

Dr. Park Sanghooh, who founded a popular surgical clinic in South Korea says most Asian women are very open about it all. He says "life competition is so stiff in Korea and China, people who want to survive that competition come here." Beautification through plastic surgery is about survival, he says, and women go to great pains -- and through a great deal of money -- to achieve it. But according to others, the choice to alter ethnic features is more complicated. Margaret Chin, a professor of sociology at Hunter College who specializes in Asian immigrant studies said, for many here in the US, "You want to be part of the acceptable culture and the acceptable ethnicity, so you want to look more Westernized. I feel sad that they feel like they have to do this."

The Chinese have their own sad stories to tell about the dangerous risks women take for the sake of beauty. Like American Cindy Jackson, who at age 55 recently told the Today Show that her 52 different surgical procedures were to gain the look she wanted, Asians have a 22-year-old television reporter who shares similar goals. Going by the name "Devil," described as already having achieved "large luminous eyes, a delicate nose and softly sculpted cheekbones," she still sought surgery to reshape her jaw. According to her own report, she wanted to look "more sophisticated and exquisite." Why not, she said, her boyfriend was picking up the tab! And she is not alone. At Evercare, a plastic surgery clinic in Beijing, owners report a 30 to 40 percent return rate, with patients starting by renovating one part of their face, only to find the lure of more work irresistible. The slippery slope clearly is an international one.

Officials in China worry, as they do here, that these procedures don't always meet national safety standards. They claim that many of their practitioners offering Botox and eyelid surgery do not have the proper professional credentials. Some go so far as to call the 2.3 billion industry a potential "disaster zone," citing the recent death of a 24-year-old Chinese reality show contestant during an operation to reshape her jaw. Secretary General, Zhao Zhenmin, who also runs Beijing's Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery Hospital said, "Personally speaking, I think this is pretty despicable," talking about this young woman whose windpipe filled with blood during the procedure. "We need to get to the bottom of such cases in order to protect people in the future."

So what are we seeing here? I find it hard enough to watch the once interesting, gorgeous faces in Hollywood looking more and more alike these days as they surgically alter them to retrieve youth and achieve so called, 'beauty.' But does anyone else feel even more disturbed hearing that this trend has reached across the globe? Sure, celebrities all over the world express fears about looking older as their careers wane with age. And sure, more are succumbing to the pressures they feel and ultimately undergo one form or another of cosmetic surgery to 'anti-age.' No doubt public figures -- both male and female -- experience a great deal of scrutiny at any age given our media driven culture, making cosmetic improvements difficult to resist. But this homogenization of beauty across culture and ethnicity is a trend that begins to sound like a bad science fiction story.

I recall a while back half joking that if my book Face It sold to even one out of every million women in China, it would be a great success! Suddenly, I don't feel like laughing anymore.

What do you think about the craze for baby doll faces across the globe?


****

Vivian Diller, Ph.D. is a psychologist in private practice in New York City. She has written articles on beauty, aging, media and fashion. She serves as a consultant to companies promoting health, beauty and cosmetic products. "Face It: What Women Really Feel As Their Looks Change" (2010), written with Jill Muir-Sukenick, Ph.D. and edited by Michele Willens, is a psychological guide to help women deal with the emotions brought on by their changing appearances.


For more information, please visit my websites at www.FaceItTheBook.com and www.VivianDiller.com. Friend me on Facebook (at http://www.facebook.com/Readfaceit) or continue the conversation on Twitter.

 
 
 

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My confidence in the long held belief that the 'Chinese revere their elders' began to fade when a Beijing publisher was first in line to purchase the foreign rights to my book, "Face It: What Women Re...
My confidence in the long held belief that the 'Chinese revere their elders' began to fade when a Beijing publisher was first in line to purchase the foreign rights to my book, "Face It: What Women Re...
 
 
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09:29 PM on 05/01/2011
I don't see the plastic surgery trend slowing, on any continent, for any reason, other than economics. We'll all just have to get used to it. The trends in Asia remind me of what happened in the former Soviet Union after it was disbanded. The big demand was for designer everything, head to toe in the same designer (which was not the case in the US, and would have been considered over the top). This really just sounds like their interpretation of "expressing themselves," in the predictable youthful way of conforming. How unique are tatoos and piercings now, yet hordes of people are still doing this to be "radical"?

Many Eastern societies have undergone such dramatic social change during the last 30 years, and it happens to be peaking during the explosion of the internet. Major transitions always have some pretty extreme side effects. Those of us on the other end of the transition who don't want, or can't afford to surgically alter our appearance, probably will just have to get used to it.

What I find interesting is, that simultaneously, as cultural intermarriage becomes more common, traditional ethnic appearances are slowly being altered anyway, through natural processes.
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Vivian Diller, Ph.D.
Psychologist and author of "Face It: What Women Re
09:52 PM on 05/01/2011
"What I find interestin­g is, that simultaneo­usly, as cultural intermarri­age becomes more common, traditiona­l ethnic appearance­s are slowly being altered anyway, through natural processes."

Perhaps over many centuries, we may find fewer and fewer differences both by natural and unnatural means. Somehow, it doesn't seem like an appealing prospect. Thanks for your interesting comment.
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KathleenQYD
www.QuintessentialYouDesign.com
03:07 PM on 04/28/2011
In answer to your question: 'What do you think about the craze for baby doll faces across the globe?'
SAD! VERY VERY SAD!
I hope the day comes when we consider beauty to be 'exquisite evidence of an evolving life'.
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Vivian Diller, Ph.D.
Psychologist and author of "Face It: What Women Re
03:27 PM on 04/28/2011
I suppose we can do our part in helping young people see that "exquisite evidence" of beauty by proudly wearing it on our aging faces, right? Otherwise, the sadness will continue. Thanks for your comment.
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KathleenQYD
www.QuintessentialYouDesign.com
03:50 PM on 04/28/2011
Absolutely! Carrying with pride the beauty of experience, wisdom and a life well-lived!
12:54 PM on 04/28/2011
The stats are disturbing and its very sad that women/men need to take these extreme measures to feel good or augement their self esteem. But what most people don't understand this - celebrities have to take care of their physicality/looks because its part of their job and their bread and butter.

For rest of society trying to conform to the standards of this industry is madness. Why conform or want to look like someone when they themselves are not happy. Looking more beautiful through plastic surgery will not make you any happier if you do not feel beautiful on the inside and people will eventually will figure it out - that the outside merely hides the ugliness that lies within.

True beauty is feeling good about yourself and this energy radiates from you and draws others to you. I've known women who were not attractive in a conventional sense, but they attracted attention wherever they went. One day i asked one of the women about this and her reply, "know who you are."
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Vivian Diller, Ph.D.
Psychologist and author of "Face It: What Women Re
03:32 PM on 04/28/2011
I totally agree. If you are interested in a survey I did asking the question, "What Make Women Really Feel Attractive," you can find the answers in other posts I wrote here (just click on my name and you'll find them). The responses made it clear that having "beautiful features" is not equated with 'feeling attractive." Ironically, some 'beauty icons' don't feel attractive at all.
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millebocca
veni, vidi, clicki
09:58 AM on 04/28/2011
but one of the worst asian obsessions needs to be further laid bare: the leg-breaking procedures done to increase height.
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Vivian Diller, Ph.D.
Psychologist and author of "Face It: What Women Re
10:29 AM on 04/28/2011
Oprah did a special on this leg breaking surgery you mention above. The procedure is done mostly on men in China. They say that personal and professional prestige are closely associated with height in Asian culture. It's a very painful operation with a long recovery time. Seems like a very extreme physical measure to take to increase self esteem! Very unsettling segment to watch, but worth finding if you can to understand what it's about.
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millebocca
veni, vidi, clicki
12:05 PM on 04/28/2011
so ironic, as the more petit aspect and beauty inherent in asian features is to me (& no doubt many other westerners) such an asset!
11:36 PM on 04/28/2011
Genetics obviously plays a role in an individual's height. For average height for groups, group-wide health and nutrition are the key components. Speaking of height in Asia, I read in The Economist that the average 14 year old boy in North Korea is 20 centimeters shorter than his South Korean counterpart. The rare visitors to N. Korean high schools are often shocked at the diminutive N. Korean high schoolers who are often as small as junior high kids elsewhere in the well nourished world. Kinda tough to grow when you don't have enough food to eat.

More food, less leg breaking.
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plumnelly
08:49 AM on 04/28/2011
Sad.
06:24 AM on 04/28/2011
Can you recommend a source for similar treatment of recent male homogeneity? Thank you.
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Vivian Diller, Ph.D.
Psychologist and author of "Face It: What Women Re
07:28 AM on 04/28/2011
Just because you ask this question made me 'fan' you! This issue is not just about women.

I think the parallel for men lies in their yearning for power. Take a look at athletes. They are willing to use growth hormones and steroids to be as strong as possible --to be like the others. Regarding male plastic surgery? You can go to the site i mention above for ISAPS to find out which ones are most common among men and that may tell you the trends toward homogeneity in men. I do know that men in China are willing to go through very painful leg lengthening surgery to increase their height, which in China is strongly equated with power.

Does that answer your question?
05:17 AM on 04/28/2011
I belong to an Asian country and everytime I switch on the TV, its a deluge of "fairness" cream advertisements, its scary at times and even better all the national dailies have specific matrimonial columns appearing every Sunday where brides that are sought should comply with being" fair (some cases very fair), convent educated and homely", not sure whether about the order though
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Vivian Diller, Ph.D.
Psychologist and author of "Face It: What Women Re
07:30 AM on 04/28/2011
Fairness for Asians, and how about perfectly straight hair for African Americans? I find that trend disheartening too. Women will go to great pains to fit into a standard of beauty set by others. I agree, sad statement.
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millebocca
veni, vidi, clicki
12:44 PM on 04/28/2011
chris rock's "good hair" is a brilliant commentary on the issue of straight hair/hair obsession. it aptly includes a global look at the harvest of hair used in pieces/weaves, most of which is gathered in bulk during an indian religious rite (how ironic is that?)! i feel special concern for the little children subjected to hair-straightening chemicals, as there is an added element of phys danger that goes a tad beyond danger in the notions we implant in young minds with our mores, "fixes" and buying habits.
12:06 AM on 04/29/2011
I had a Brazilian girlfriend who once put on pancake make up to lighten her look. I asked her not to do it anymore because her tanned natural skin tone was perfectly pleasing. Thankfully, no more pancake makeup after that.
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Vivian Diller, Ph.D.
Psychologist and author of "Face It: What Women Re
05:54 PM on 04/30/2011
That's a good example of working to undo homogenization of beauty. We need to all be aware of that tendency, so we can help young women work against it. Thanks for your comment.
04:10 AM on 04/28/2011
In America women spend money and time trying to make their skin tan.
In Asia women spend money and time making their skin white.

The world is goofy
04:15 AM on 04/28/2011
Should rephrase that:
"Caucasian women spend money and time trying to make their skin tan.
Asian women spend money and time making their skin white. "

**given that American =/= white, and Asian girls in the US can be just as bleach crazy
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Vivian Diller, Ph.D.
Psychologist and author of "Face It: What Women Re
07:33 AM on 04/28/2011
I guess we have to laugh when the world seems that absurd.

I haven't given up trying to help younger girls of any ethnicity become more aware of these strange 'adult' notions of beauty, hoping the next generation fall less victim to them.
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millebocca
veni, vidi, clicki
12:44 PM on 04/28/2011
ya always want what ya can't have --
that proverbial greener grass, eh?
11:19 PM on 04/27/2011
I lived China for years. I really can't complain anymore because I have accepted they are going to be more like us than I would like. In the past I would say at least Americans are not as obsessed about money, and we won't value a person by their wealth alone. I don't think Americans are that good anymore nor Chinese that bad. Basically we are both materialistic and greedy. The one thing America still has is a belief in true love and meaningful relationships. Where as Chinese are still juggling materialism and pragmatism to choose a mate. The culture was already set up to encourage young people in making a pragmatic selection over a romantic one.

Women desire men with money, and men desire youth and beauty. A mistress is not a big deal with the prevalence of women willing to play for cash. The mistresses are quite demanding, going from wanting jewelry and clothes, to cars and houses and men give it to them. The boys can play too with the rich women. Both are common to the point of always having to question what's real.

Women in their own right do very well financially. Many of my female friends were successful business women. Compared to American women they are very easy going as is customary in Asia. Some still have their gritty something out of nothing character from not being born in the spoiled new generation.

Plastic surgery... the least of their problems
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Vivian Diller, Ph.D.
Psychologist and author of "Face It: What Women Re
07:36 AM on 04/28/2011
"I lived China for years. I really can't complain anymore because I have accepted they are going to be more like us than I would like."

Helps to hear from someone who has actually seen first hand what I wrote about here. If I accepted this trend, I probably wouldn't be writing about it. I hope articles like these heighten awareness of the narrowing of our definition of beauty, so that we may all work to broaden it over time.
04:48 PM on 04/28/2011
It might help to understand these are on par with business decisions. They are not doing it to feel good about themselves they are doing it to raise their market value. In America a women might talk about her self image and self confidence where there they will plainly state the immediate financial considerations to be derived from good looks.

Many women have gotten wealthy from the patronage of wealthy men in a place where wealth rises fast and frequent. It's still a very popular way to get ahead even with a good career. I don't see women abandoning the trade because they want to appear spiritually mature unless being that will get them a new house or car. They live by superficial means for pragmatic reasons. The means always justify the ends. Which is why my Chinese friends are constantly complaining about the latest scandal in which some food commodity was chemically altered for quick profits. The cheating, lying, scheming, and morally bankrupt decisions made by business people and individuals is of constant concern to the average person in china who is forced to go through life trying not to be out witted by con artist, thieves, and corrupt officials. Everybody has their stories.

In the end their pragmatism will guide them to find some balance. If they see it as bad for health, the pragmatic choice is to avoid it. If that is not the case then what are the practical material reasons for not getting surgery?
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livefortruth
There is only ONE truth.
10:57 PM on 04/27/2011
Vivian...you focus so much on beauty. I assume you have read the research on why people are attracted by it. Symmetry etc.

Is beauty a subjective or objective thing...in your opinion? How do you feel about someone who is born beautiful and will look beautiful throughout their lifetime?

Why do you think beauty happens?
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Vivian Diller, Ph.D.
Psychologist and author of "Face It: What Women Re
11:32 PM on 04/27/2011
My book "Face It" was based on research about the meaning of beauty in this country. But since writing it, I've expanded my interest in understanding the psychology of beauty across the world.

I have written a couple of articles that answer your question, "is beauty a subjective or objective thing?" One is about the difference between beauty and attractiveness (http://www­.huffingto­npost.com/­vivian-dil­ler-phd/be­auty-attra­ctiveness_­b_841300.h­tml) and another, "Is Beauty in the Eye of the Beholder" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/vivian-diller-phd/is-beauty-in-the-eye-or-i_b_798042.html). Tell me what you think?
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Captai
Get out while you still can!!
10:46 PM on 04/27/2011
Chinese women and other Asian women are so much more naturally attractive than their western counterparts it is truly sad to see them going to these lengths.
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Vivian Diller, Ph.D.
Psychologist and author of "Face It: What Women Re
10:54 PM on 04/27/2011
Most women --Asian or not -- are more critical of themselves than others are. Too bad all women don't recognize their natural beauty.
11:25 PM on 04/27/2011
No, they're not. Women of all races and cultures are beautiful. But yes, what Asian women are doing to their eyes is tragic.
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Captai
Get out while you still can!!
11:48 PM on 04/27/2011
Who exactly are you to tell me or anyone else what opinion they should have?
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jf12
Occupying myself
09:56 AM on 04/28/2011
The really funny thing is that nobody is really all that physically different - almost everybody has a couple of arms and legs and various sexual accoutrements at one end and the other.
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jf12
Occupying myself
10:45 PM on 04/27/2011
I am bemused and bothered by so many undergoing such surgical procedures, and would myself sooner consider dyeing my nearly white hair (i.e. never), even if they worked well. I don't subscribe to the homogenization hypothesis; I don't think that all plastic surgery tend to make all the patients look the same, except that they all look like they had plastic surgery. But what if they actually worked well, you know: no scars, no oddly pulled skin, no misshapen molten noses?
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millebocca
veni, vidi, clicki
12:51 PM on 04/28/2011
there is a scene in an old john carpenter movie (kurt russell action flick called escape from new york) - there were these ghastly plastic surgery mutants and truly, they had the genericized features we see in almost all extreme cases of pl surg. i saw it ages ago, never forgot the scene - i think it was, all pop macho culture aside, rather prophetic.
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cheo
better a bleeding heart than none at all
03:59 AM on 05/13/2011
I don't know if you've seen some of the more uhm, dramatic body modifications which have become a trend in certain circles, but the photos on this site cover a broad range.
Only the point in these modifications is apparently to look as different from anyone else as possible.

http://www.trendhunter.com/trends/bad-body-modifications-zygzags#!/photos/41129/1

(I use AVG on my laptop and it detected no problems with this site)
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Cuyahoga
Yes I know my micro-bio is empty.
10:26 PM on 04/27/2011
My sister has an inlaw who is married to a very famous Japanese business man. She - the non Japanese wife - comes regularly to the US for more and more plastic surgery. It breaks my sister's heart and her friend tells her that Japanese businessmen are very prone to have very young mistresses and she - the wife - has to do what she can to see if she can prevent that happening to her marriage.

I could never want let alone need a man in my life THAT much!
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Vivian Diller, Ph.D.
Psychologist and author of "Face It: What Women Re
10:34 PM on 04/27/2011
It's a sad statement when anyone feels pressured to alter their looks to maintain a relationship. But, it's curious that your sister's inlaw comes to the US for surgery, when Japan is high on the list of cosmetic surgical centers....?
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millebocca
veni, vidi, clicki
12:54 PM on 04/28/2011
most likely it makes no diff, huh? the fine line into the grotesque can't be ignored.
Q: in cases like that, is subjecting oneself to all these procedures almost like a form of self-punishment because of the misery in why a gal (as in this case) seeks out procedure after procedure? i see the term self-mutilation has been used. we know it's an attention-getting device and certainly not one of beautification.
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livefortruth
There is only ONE truth.
10:12 PM on 04/27/2011
Shallow.
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Vivian Diller, Ph.D.
Psychologist and author of "Face It: What Women Re
10:53 PM on 04/27/2011
From my perspective, this issue is deeply rooted in contemporary culture. Unfortunately not really shallow at all!
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livefortruth
There is only ONE truth.
11:06 PM on 04/27/2011
OK. Contemporary culture is shallow then.
09:38 PM on 04/27/2011
With a capitalist economy and wealth comes the growing need for newer, non-traditional medical services. Cosmetic Surgery.

This recent NY Times article explores the growing demand for cosmetic surgery in China, a trend incentivized by high reimbursement, little medical regulation and supported by a young, vain and wealthy clientele.

http://www.esteemstudio.com.au/