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Vivian Diller, Ph.D.

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Does Stress Accelerate Aging? Fact or Fiction

Posted: 03/16/2012 10:48 am

Many of us see President Obama's graying hair and think, "it must be all the stress he's under." We view Hillary Clinton's furrowed brow and assume, "the weight of the world is adding years to her face." But do stress and anxiety actually accelerate the aging process? Is there scientific evidence to back this perception?

The fact is, the results from research are themselves pretty gray. Some studies studies suggest that stress has direct negative effects on our physical and emotional health, but its exact relationship is complex and not yet fully understood.

Here is what we know. Acute anxiety is our natural response to a real or perceived threat -- what we call the fight/flight reaction. It involves a two-way communication between our brain and body, resulting in activation of our cardiovascular, immune and other biological systems. It's our survival instinct at work.

But, when anxiety is prolonged -- that is, when our flight/flight reaction goes on alert and remains there -- our physiological systems elevate for longer periods of time and ultimately become maladaptive. The result? It wears our bodies down.

Research has shown us how this happens, pointing toward the impact that "stress chemicals" have when they are released into our bodies. They include adrenaline, norepinephrine and cortisol.

  • Adrenaline is known to accelerate heart rate, inhibit digestion, constrict blood vessels and decrease hearing and vision.
  • Norepinephrine also accelerates the heart and can affect a part of the brain that is responsible for attention or focus.
  • Cortisol production increases blood pressure and blood sugar levels, hardens arteries, increases fat storage and lowers growth hormone. Cortisol also appears to play a role in osteoporosis, muscle and collagen loss, and is believed to weaken the immune system.


In addition to the impact of stress chemicals on our bodies, there are other potential biological factors involved. Genetic studies have demonstrated connections between stress and deterioration on the cellular level as well. To simplify very complicated genetic research, there are three likely contributors to the aging process: oxidative stress, glycation and diminishing telomeres.

  • Oxidative stress is believed to damage our genes due to the production of oxidants (highly reactive substances caused by inflammation, infection, consumption of alcohol and cigarettes). In one study, scientists exposed worms to two substances that neutralized oxidants, resulting in an average increase in their lifespan by 44 percent. Researchers suspect, but have not yet proven, that severe oxidative stress causes cell death in humans and directly contributes to our aging process.
  • Glycation happens when glucose (sugar) binds to our DNA, proteins and lipids, rendering them less effective. Studies show that as we get older, glycation causes a decrease in circulation, stiffening of the skin and increased malfunction of body tissue. Scientists are actively studying how glycation may explain why restricting calorie intake in laboratory animals extends their lifespan.
  • Diminishing telomeres is a natural process that occurs every time a cell divides and reproduces. Telomeres are the regions found at the ends of our chromosomes. As we age, they naturally decrease. Researchers are now examining how anxiety and stress may expedite this process, exploring its relationship to an increase in the death of cells, muscle weakening, loss of eyesight and hearing, wrinkles and graying.

Which is all to say that aging is a product of metabolic processes that are naturally occurring and may be appreciably influenced by our environment. Our genetic makeup is most directly responsible for reaching our current life expectancy of about 78. While continuous stress may lead to chemical, cellular and molecular changes, causing irreversible alterations within our bodies, it is hard to know how much -- and exactly how -- they promote the visible ones that we associate with aging.

But biology aside, there are also daily lifestyle choices that may contribute to wrinkles and gray hair. People who endure continuous stress tend to eat poorly, exercise less, smoke cigarettes and sleep irregularly -- all of which can affect the aging process. If you include the tendency for anxiety to lead to frowning, tensing and tightening facial and neck muscles, we have a recipe for a premature aging appearance. Clearly, taking care of ourselves and avoiding stress prolongs a healthier aging experience. Likewise, neglecting our bodies -- and psyches -- over long periods of time may propel us toward premature aging and age-related disabilities.

We can only imagine how fast and furiously the stress hormones of Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton are flowing. Surely, their natural oxidation, glycation and telomere shortening are on overdrive -- leading their faces and bodies toward old age faster than your average everyday person. But, for the rest of us? We can try our best to keep our stress levels at a minimum, so we can prolong the health and vitality of our bodies well into our 80s and 90s.

Sure, we all age. And, in all likelihood, how we age is primarily determined by our DNA and the DNA of our parents and grandparents. But, we have learned a lot in recent years about the interplay between stress, biochemistry and genetics. If we can manage to keep anxiety and stress from accelerating our natural physiological changes -- internally and externally -- we are likely to look and feel better for longer periods of time.

Do you feel that stress has played a role in your aging experience? Tell us how.



****

Vivian Diller, Ph.D. is a psychologist in private practice in New York City. She serves as a media expert on various psychological topics and as a consultant to companies promoting health, beauty and cosmetic products. Her book, "Face It: What Women Really Feel As Their Looks Change" (2010), edited by Michele Willens, is a psychological guide to help women deal with the emotions brought on by their changing appearances.

For more information, please visit my website at www.VivianDiller.com and continue the conversation on Twitter.

 
 
 

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mscellanus
U may kiss it!
07:45 PM on 03/20/2012
Working as a Team is very stressful. Also dealing with people at work can be deadly.
mscellanus
U may kiss it!
07:40 PM on 03/20/2012
I think the worst stress comes from dealing with one's family. Your family can be the death of you!
mscellanus
U may kiss it!
07:37 PM on 03/20/2012
Sometimes people are under qualified for their jobs and this causes them to stress even more in order to do the work they are not good enough to do.
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Henssis1
06:50 PM on 03/20/2012
Stress sure makes your hair thinner that is for sure...
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06:38 PM on 03/20/2012
PLEASE STOP NOW !! I CAN'T TAKE THIS ANYMORE....I feel better now
05:09 PM on 03/20/2012
We all have stress, our jobs, family money and other things. When we learn to deal with the stress maybe that helps.
04:45 PM on 03/20/2012
I don't know about aging politicians but I think I age about 10 years every time I see Obama or Hillary on T.V.
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KIVPossum
Moldova Marsupial
02:34 AM on 03/21/2012
Don't worry, two or three more times and you will depart and they won't bother you again
hari balsaki
sure is sweaty down here...
04:35 PM on 03/20/2012
i stop giving a sh*t some years ago and have never felt better or looked more awesome... stress free living works!
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authorized-user
macho macho man
07:38 AM on 03/20/2012
We view Hillary Clinton's furrowed brow and assume, "the weight of the world is adding years to her face."
I am not sure about the aging process in general but I am sure the effects of having to kowtow to other world leaders, trying to borrow foreign money, and making stupid trade deals to keep the USA afloat are having a disastrous effect on Hillary.
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Todd G Chavey
01:49 AM on 03/20/2012
every thought that one has affects your physical being. make money, jobs, career, material possessions a priority and watch your body slowly destroy itself.
hari balsaki
sure is sweaty down here...
04:38 PM on 03/20/2012
yep. i used to have panic attacks from mounting debts, making crap money, the wife always bitching about something... got rid of the debt, the wife and once i began making serious money about a decade ago... NO MORE PANIC ATTACKS. i felt better and looked better.
01:19 AM on 03/17/2012
Yes, prolonged stress does have an aging effect and, yes, we can learn how to "detach" from stress, thus let go of a lot of its effects. However, living in a prolonged stressful environment, say in Homs, Syria, or in an emotionally abusive household, or in a stressful job situation, takes a toll on our mental and physical health. Yes, we can learn how to cope in much healthier ways and even find our power to walk away from a toxic situation, but our well-being has been impacted nonetheless.
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DrVivian
Clinical Psychologist and author of Face It
04:55 PM on 03/17/2012
Reminding us about life in Syria puts it all in perspective. Thanks for your comment!
hari balsaki
sure is sweaty down here...
04:41 PM on 03/20/2012
good point, denise. back in my uber-stressful days i used to cope by constructing elaborate fantasies in my mind that were the opposite of my problems. it didn't solve anything but it got me thru a panic attack... the next few hours... the work day... the 50 mile drive home on fumes because i had no money for gas...
09:50 PM on 03/16/2012
I had a very stressful teaching job for almost a decade, I developed gastritis and esophagitis, I blame the diseases on stress, plus not being able to eat more frequently.
I'm sure, under the same circumstances, other people might not have gotten sick, but I was unable to deal with the stress in a better way. I've since quit the job.
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
DrVivian
Clinical Psychologist and author of Face It
04:57 PM on 03/17/2012
Stress clearly takes its toll on our health. How it impacts the way we look, is in part, a different (and less important) issue. Jobs should keep us feeling vital, not destroy our health. Too bad yours did.
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livingbettertherapy
Counselor, Therapist, Strategic Intervention
07:10 PM on 03/16/2012
The seniors that I observe that are wiser beyond their years are also the ones who seem younger than their years. It's not because of plastic surgery. They experience the same stresses that everyone else does but for the most part, they react to stress positively and constructively. Stress is like rain, everyone on this planet will experience it but not everyone reacts to it in the same way. Graceful seniors are adaptable and enjoy rainy days as much as they do sunny days. Everyone will get wet or experience a sunny day tomorrow but these adaptable seniors will use an umbrella, sunblock and a positive attitude to get the most enjoyment out of their day with a minimum of stress. I have also even seen pessimistic seniors who many thought were "stuck in their ways" become more youthful by ceasing to let their attitudes be determined by their external circumstances and developing a positive attitude: they invariably begin to walk, talk and even look better. People never really become victims of aging, they become victims of not aging with grace.
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DrVivian
Clinical Psychologist and author of Face It
08:45 PM on 03/16/2012
"People never really become victims of aging, they become victims of not aging with grace."
I like that. Great comment.
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LynneSpreen
Midlife Magic
06:50 PM on 03/16/2012
I think I enjoy the buzz of stress! Seriously, I hope it's not bad for me because I love the pressure of deadlines, multitasking, and being under the gun. I'm like a hamster on a wheel all the time.
http://anyshinything.com/2012/03/16/improve-life-with-one-simple-tactic
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WomenOnGuard
04:10 PM on 03/16/2012
Exercise reduces stress, anxiety, weight, gives you a healthy glow and more muscles to keep your bones stronger! Always make time to exercise. Just like you make time to brush your teeth!
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DrVivian
Clinical Psychologist and author of Face It
08:47 PM on 03/16/2012
Good point. It's interesting that people's comments here, including yours, focus on the importance of reducing stress to help maintain health as we age, rather than avoid looking older.