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Wendell Potter

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Fresh Evidence That Health Insurers Value Profits Over People

Posted: 08/01/11 10:14 AM ET

Three of the biggest health insurers have announced quarterly earnings in the past few days. If Americans were able to eavesdrop on what executives from those firms tell their Wall Street masters every three months, they would have a better understanding of why premiums keep going up while the number of people with medical coverage keeps going down.

It only takes three words, when you get right down to it, to describe the real MO of those folks: profits over people.

CIGNA and Humana are scheduled to report earnings this week. The three companies that have already spoken -- UnitedHealth, WellPoint and Aetna -- earned a combined $2.51 billion from April through the end of June, more than analysts expected. On a per share basis, their earnings were up more than 17 percent on average compared with the second quarter of 2010.

Those results were no anomaly. The big for-profit health insurers have been blowing analysts' expectations out of the water for several quarters in a row, even as the country struggles to recover from the recession and the number of Americans without coverage -- one out of every six of us -- continues to rise.

Based on their strong performance during the first half of this year, UnitedHealth, WellPoint and Aetna have all have raised their profit forecast for 2011. In other words, they expect to earn far more this year than last year and far more than even the most hopeful investors and analysts had anticipated.

This has made Wall Street very happy indeed, as reflected in the breathtaking increase in the companies' share prices over the past year. Since the end of July 2010, investors have bid up the stock by more than 50 percent at four of the big five. WellPoint, the laggard, saw its stock price increase by a still-impressive 35 percent.

One of the secrets to achieving these results is what the insurers euphemistically call "medical management." That often translates into denied claims and denied coverage for doctor-ordered care. The fewer claims you pay and the more procedures you refuse to pay for, the more money is left over for investors to put in their pockets.

Another important way they've been able to sustain such a string of impressive earnings results is to shift more and more of the cost of care to their policyholders. An increasing percentage of these companies' policyholders are enrolled in plans that require greater cost sharing. Those policyholders pay more for care out of their own pockets than ever before while their insurers are paying much less.

The insurers are loathe to admit this and have been making up a host of incredible excuses to explain why they are paying so much less for care than investors and analysts had expected and so much less on a percentage basis than in previous years.

At the end of 2010, executives told Wall Street that the "utilization" of medical services was lower than in 2009 because the flu season last year was less severe. They assured investors utilization would return to more normal levels during the first quarter of 2011.

When it didn't, the bad winter weather was to blame. Insurance executives wanted us to believe that people were not getting the care they needed because it was colder and snowier than usual. They assured us that medical spending would jump again as soon as the weather improved and the ice and snow melted.

Surprise! It's August and people are still not going to the doctor or picking up their prescriptions or checking into the hospital as much as they usually do. .

And what's the excuse this time? It's the economy, they say -- even though the recession officially ended more than a year ago. At least UnitedHealth's executives ackowledged that, as AP reported, "health plans that make patients more aware of the cost of care may be having an impact."

May be? Give me a break. And stop the double-speak. What we're so aware of is that we're simply unable to get the care we need because of the often sky-high deductibles of today's health plans, which insurers mislabel "consumer-driven."

Insurance industry executives are experts at talking in code, which makes it difficult to understand just how much they value profits over people. Occasionally, though, they slip up, as Aetna's chief financial officer, Joseph Zubretsky, did last Wednesday during his company's conference call with analysts.

Clearly concerned that investors might think Aetna was willing to grow by adding people to its rolls who might have substantial medical needs, Zubretsky disabused Wall Street of that notion.

"We would like to have both profit and growth, but if you have to choose between one or the other, you take margin and profit and you sacrifice the growth line," Zubretsky said.

Whether he knew it or not, he was channeling WellPoint CEO Angela Braley. In a 2008 conference call with financial analysts, Braley had to acknowledge that her company had spent more on medical care during the previous three months than she and Wall Street had expected.

In the future, she promised, "We will not sacrifice profitability for membership."

That was exactly what Wall Street wanted to hear.

WellPoint and Aetna and other insurers have demonstrated repeatedly that while they will do all they can to avoid sacrificing profitability for membership, they are quite willing to sacrifice their members -- and the American public -- for profits.

 
 
 

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legge001
Healthcare Policy Guy
05:14 PM on 08/04/2011
The premise that a publicly traded corporation might have any compelling motivation other than maximum quarterly earnings is an interesting academic theory. The public corporate arena expects continually improving quarterly results. Any initiative that does not insure this mandate will be crushed in a New York minute.

If the patient was the client, the profit motive would evoke a very different behavior. The industry payers and providers know they must maximize system revenue. Over treating and over medicating is a product of this incentive approach. It is not an approach serving patients or a country struggling to keep its head above water. The wrongheaded incentives are the issue. Blaming corporate behavior leads nowhere and does not solve the fundamental systemic problems of access, quality and cost.

The Dartmouth Medical Mapping Project confirms best patient results are not a function of treatment volume. The VA system knows this well. Their robust database of conditions and treatments that produce the best outcomes, are agreed to by the patient, and typically are expensive
.
We need a system refocused on the patient’s long term well being and rewarding providers for that result. Insurers can remain an integral part of the system. In several developed countries they provide basic plans at cost while making their profits on premium services. We will not solve the problem by turning everything over to Medicare. They drastically underfund care which if applied to all patients would close providers down. Results are what we should pay for.
07:24 AM on 08/02/2011
Insurance companies simply decided that patients need to pay more out of pocket. Initially covered in your insurance, now becomes "out-of-pocket". X-rays, Bloodwork, annual visit, etc. They increase their premium with 60% and decrease service with 80%. 3years ago I paid $900 per month, now I have to pay $1600 per month. Of course the insurance companies make a higher profit, they don't cover anything anymore. Why having an insurance? Since all is out of pocket, I decided to leave Aetna and take a simply insurance which allows me "out-of network". I still my "out-of-pocket", just as with Aetna, but now my monthly premium is $500. I save $1100 per month, which I now can spend on my "out-of-pocket" . Maybe all people should do the same. Leave the big insurers and teach them and Wallstreet a lesson. Our health should not be dictated by Wallstreet. They already dictated the economic mess we are in and we pay the price, not Wallstreet, because they keep filling their pockets. Enough is enough.
06:16 PM on 08/01/2011
If Progressives that hate the corporate insurance companies now really wanted to show how they could be run cheaper they need to get George Soros and Micheal Moore to fund starting a company, That wont happen though because even they arent going to put the money out for such a venture without the ability to make the kind of profits that the existing companies get now. they want god enough return to make up for bad years. Until I see some of these progressive moneymen putting their money where their mouth is I will continue to believe that all this group has to say is hot air!
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02:05 PM on 08/01/2011
Medicare for all!
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
politicky
just follow the $$$
01:42 PM on 08/01/2011
"Insurance industry executives are experts at talking in code"

ahh, that was clever, thanks :)

( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes )
01:39 PM on 08/01/2011
Yea, and I can't wait until the government runs all of our insurance. They've done so well managing social security, the postal system, and the debt crisis that I just long for the day when I need them to approve my chemotherepy. That's right, let's be done with these evil insurance proffiteers and let the government run it all. Far better to have crappy care guarenteed for everybody than to have the world's best care in a less than perfect system.
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05:00 PM on 08/01/2011
The U.S. is the only major country where medical disasters can lead to personal bankruptcy­...

http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/2005/bankruptcy_study.html
Medical Bills Leading Cause of Bankruptcy­, Harvard Study Finds

"...Today'­s health insurance policies -- with high deductible­s, co-pays, and many exclusions -- offer little protection during a serious illness. Uncovered medical bills averaged $13,460 for those with private insurance at the start of their illness. People with cancer had average medical debts of $35,878.

"The paradox is that the costliest health system in the world performs so poorly. We waste one-third of every health care dollar on insurance bureaucrac­y and profits while two million people go bankrupt annually and we leave 45 million uninsured" said Dr. Quentin Young, national coordinato­r of Physicians for a National Health Program.

"With national health insurance ('Medicare for All'), we could provide comprehens­ive, lifelong coverage to all Americans for the same amount we are spending now and end the cruelty of ruining families financiall­y when they get sick."

Medical disasters account for over 60% of personal bankruptci­es.
08:44 AM on 08/02/2011
Well articulated but absurd none the less. What you are essentially saying is that the government can do a better job with less waste. Say that back to yourself, cross reference it with the evening news and the debt crisis, and say it again. See if it still holds water. Look, I'm with you that the system needs some tweaking and changes for a lot of the reasons you cite but a government takeover (which is essentially what this is on trajectory to become) is not the answer. Our government, whether run by republicans or democrats has not demonstrated to me anything but bloated inefficiency in everything that they do.
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ProgressiveVoice
07:12 PM on 08/01/2011
You are confusing "government" with politicians. The politicians are NOT government. Medicare, Social Security, the USPS all run very efficiently and at less expense than comparative private industries - Medicare administrative costs are about 5% vs 35% for private insurance, Social Security manages to enroll new beneficiaries, purge dead ones and get millions of checks out every month, on time and the USPS delivers 97% of the mail within 3 days. None of them get to pick and choose their customers or service areas so Medicare is covering the demographic with the highest costs and the postal services delivers everywhere, urban and rural, 6 days per week.

If the politicians actually ran any part of government, your sarcasm might be justified.
08:53 AM on 08/02/2011
Really? The post office is efficient? I just made three stops to find a stamp machine. Never did. Waited in line for half an hour to buy one stamp. Ask why there were no more stamp machines and was told it was a money issue. If they can't even keep stamp machines operational then why should I trust them with an MRI machine or CATSCAN? Every so often I get letter from the USG that tells me the absurd amount of money I've paid them, how much I can expect to get back (I'd have to live to be about 142 years old to break even) and there's a disclaimer right under it that says the law could change at any time and I won't get what they promise. Oh, and the money set aside for it has historically been raided by, you guessed it, politician's to fund their pet projects. The government is 14.7 trillion dollars in debt and yet you folks call for more of the same.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
dc8s
The most attractive nuisance you've seen.
01:22 PM on 08/01/2011
I always enjoy reading your blogs, Mr. Potter. Keep it up.
01:45 PM on 08/01/2011
Teacher's pet
01:02 PM on 08/01/2011
Thank you Mr. Potter for your continued attention being paid to these criminals. This story has been posted at healthinsurancehell.com.
12:43 PM on 08/01/2011
I am a big fan of this author, but I read his essays with mixed feelings. It is true the insurance industry is taking advantage of the insured to make money. However, how is it possible to reconcile the fact that as a business, it is the legal fiduciary duty for the board to maximize shareholder value, that is to make as much money as possible. There is no law in the US that says companies must look out for the good of the nation. There simply isn't such a law, and such a law would never be passed, given the large number of citizens who have blind faith in free market capitalism as the undisputed best choice for socio-economic policy making.
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ProgressiveVoice
07:01 PM on 08/01/2011
It used to be the norm for companies to consider customer, community and workers equally important as shareholders. Almost 20 years ago, when I was in Business School, we were still being taught "reasonable profit". No one had to pass laws saying companies had to look out for the good of the nation. American companies run by Americans pretty much saw it as their patriotic duty.

I have heard that laws or regulations were passed that MADE it a "legal fiduciary duty for the board to maximize shareholde­r value" probably because of the actions of someone like Enron. I have also read stories that discuss the shift to shareholder as primary stakeholder as if it occurred in a vacuum.
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lakabux
Imagine...
12:39 PM on 08/01/2011
This situation will never improve until we can eliminate the true problem at its core: our corporate owned government. Until we find a way to get a leadership that represents the interests of the people, we are going to be screwed.

Get used to it.
iridium53
Semper Fi
12:11 PM on 08/01/2011
Love your work, Mr. Potter.

This seems to me to be all the more reason why the ACA is unacceptable - because it does not move to Universal Healthcare without for-profit insurers in the mix.

For profit companies are, after all, for profit.

Until we remove these companies out of the healthcare mix, they will continue to take many times what government does for 5.5%.
01:51 PM on 08/01/2011
While we're at it...everyone needs food too. Farms and grocery stores and the trucking companies that move food around...they're all for profit! Maybe the government should nationalize that and distribute it as well so that we all have a fair share. I mean, they're making a P R O F I T on one of humanity's basic needs! No fair...we can't have it! We need a universal, single-payer nationalized food distribution system. Quick, call in the government. Villify everything to do with food production and distribution. Let's get a handle on this.
02:06 PM on 08/01/2011
The difference is that the insurance industry is about controlling claims, or health costs. And paying for sick people hinders profits. Unlike food, I may have some alternatives. I can shop at a cheaper grocery stores, substitute certain foods, or grow some of my own food if I have the room.

When you are told you need a complex operation, or that you have had a heart attack, or stricken with cancer your choices are limited.


Now part of the issue that is never discussed are the millions of Americans with horrible eating habits and lack of exercise which is straining the system. We can't fix the system is Americans keep adding to the problem.
iridium53
Semper Fi
03:35 PM on 08/01/2011
Your analogy makes no sense to me. Perhaps you could more fully explain the actual comparison.

Farms, food production, distribution and sales are not granted oligarchy status by government as are healthcare insurers.

Some farmers still get government subsidies, which is a problem, but Tea-Publicans like their corporate socialism, don't they?

By region, there is very limited competition - by government design.

When we grant local monopolies, we generally put considerable controls over their operation - as with local power utilities. And, we limit their profits to a required rate of return to gain stockholders an adequate profit for their considerable capital investment.

Healthcare insurers do not need capital investment to produce - they only need it to make more money off of office space. They are not much regulated. And, their profits, despite have no real capital risk - are multiples what a power utility would get.
11:18 AM on 08/01/2011
And this story is surprising/shocking because.... ??? Any corporation, regardless if they're selling insurance and children's toys, are in it for profits; period. They could care less of the product they push, it's all about profits. And they'll do anything they can to maintain a healthy profit margin. Just look at HSBC - huge profits, huge job cuts. So why is this story surprising? This is business as usual. And these are the same folks our government says "needs a break" because they are the "job creators". They create profits for their share holders, nothing else.
10:58 AM on 08/01/2011
Can anyone tell me the real value of a health insurance company? It is my understanding that there are about 3400 of them with god only knows how many employees. I guess the value is jobs, the cost though is medical care as the money does not enter the medical system. A single payer system would be the best for everyone, business would have great savings as they would not have to pay for their employees medical insurance. My personal out of pocket and my companies share plus additional Long term care insurance was about 20K last year more that 20% of my salary. I would guess that if I were to just pay higher taxes my expenses would be a lot lower. I also do not think that these insurance companies have anything to do with the quality of medical care!
iridium53
Semper Fi
12:21 PM on 08/01/2011
What you mean is how is a for-profit healthcare insurer better than a government agency?

First, I suppose we must ask whether you care if you pay for the same services to the government in taxes or to a private company. I am indifferent - as long as I get similar services. The money is coming out of my spendable income either way.

Second, do you care that the company you work for has more control over you if there is employer supported healthcare. If you like having your company control you, instead of some minor control through government representatives, then private insurers work better. One must remember, however, that the insurers work for the employers - not you. You just help to pay to defray the company's costs.

Third, do you really like contributing some 25% of your healthcare dollars to profit a company when the government can tell you no (equitably, not based on your company's control) for 5.5%?

Fourth, would it bother you a lot if your total healthcare insurance went down only a little - because the 19.5% profit was removed and some portion of it went to cover homeless, unemployed, sick neighbors? But, everyone is covered - so, if you or a family member hits hard times, then they are covered too?
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thefinalsay
10:54 AM on 08/01/2011
yes, most businesses do care about profits. it's the only way they can exist. are you suggesting that government take control? are you suggesting that government has a conscience? where are you finding these compassionate saints in washington?
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returntocommonsense
Democracy is a verb - or at least it should be.
10:51 AM on 08/01/2011
I have Aetna as my provider. I constantly have to fight with them to pay for things that they "cover." If I pay for a service, I expect to get that service.

The only thing that all health insurance companies count on is you, the consumer, backing down once they say "no." You have to keep writing letters and actively manage your health care to get what you paid for.