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Wendell Potter

Wendell Potter

Posted: June 29, 2010 10:29 AM

President Obama is calling a big part of the health care reform bill he signed into law last March a Patients' Bill of Rights, suggesting that many of the consumer protections contained in the new law were the same ones the health insurance industry succeeded in killing time and again over many years through a fear-mongering campaign it secretly financed.

Obama is right -- but only to a point. An important right was missing from his list of consumer protections--an expanded right to sue insurers -- because, once again, insurers had made sure it would not be part of any bill that reached his desk.

The insurance industry defeated many attempts to pass a Patients' Bill of Rights in the 1990s and 2000s, despite considerable bipartisan support in both the House and Senate. It did this by funneling millions of dollars through a big PR firm it hired to set up a front group -- the Health Benefits Coalition -- whose sole purpose was to scare people away from the legislation. The industry also had one especially important ally: Obama's predecessor in the White House, George W. Bush. Bush threatened to veto any Patients' Bill of Rights that he (read: the insurance industry and its business allies) didn't like. Lawmakers were never able to agree on a single bill that Senators and House members could agree to (the House approved a weakened version of the bill Bush presumably would sign but the Senate refused to weaken its bill), so they eventually just gave up.

Obama is correct in stating that some of the consumer protections that will take effect in September are among those that would have been enacted years ago, had Bush and the insurance industry not blocked them, but he is being somewhat disingenuous in stating that those specific protections "made up the original Patients' Bill of Rights."

The Reality

The reality is that the original Patients' Bill of Rights would have accomplished something else that many patient's have long sought: it would have expanded their right to sue their insurance companies for, among other things, wrongfully denying coverage for needed medical care.

An expanded right to sue was the provision in the original Patients' Bill of Rights the insurers and their friends in the business community and the White House hated most, and it is the one provision that is conspicuously absent from what Obama labeled a Patients' Bill of Rights. The fact that a right-to-sue provision was not included in the reform bill Obama signed is a testament to the continuing ability of the insurance industry and its corporate allies to call the shots in Washington when it comes to legislation that really might hurt their profits.

Obama was right in pointing out that the new law will ban some of the most egregious abuses that insurers have engaged in for decades. The new law will:

* prohibit insurers from discriminating against children -- and eventually adults -- with preexisting conditions;
* bar them from retroactively canceling the coverage of policyholders when they get sick if they made an unintentional mistake on an application;
* eliminate lifetime limits on coverage;
* allow women to see an OBGYN without a referral; and
* allow people to seek emergency care outside of a health plan's provider network without having to get approval in advance.

Consumer advocates have fought for years for these protections. Their inclusion in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 alone made the reform legislation worth passing, in my view. But, as the president noted, the new law is not perfect. One reason it falls short is because it does not give Americans much-needed recourse in the courts when their insurance companies refuse to pay for care their doctors say they need.

Rep. Dennis Kucinich (D-Mich.) tried to amend the reform bill last year to change a 35-year-old law that, among other things, significantly reduced the rights of many patients to sue their insurers, but the industry and its powerful business allies -- including the U.S. Chamber of Commerce -- threatened to derail the entire bill if the amendment passed. Congressional leaders, sufficiently intimidated, stripped it out of any version of the legislation that would make it to the floor for a vote.

People's Access to the Courts Removed or Sharply Limited

Most Americans are probably not even aware that their chances of winning a lawsuit against an insurer over a denied benefit are small to none. The topic hasn't been of much interest to the media in years. Because the industry and its allies quietly and quickly made sure the Kucinich amendment was killed, there was virtually no debate on it.

There was plenty of debate, however, when the original Patients' Bill of Rights was working its way through Congress.

It all started as part of the backlash against the onerous restrictions HMOs began to impose on both doctors and their patients in the 1990s. The HMOs were often refusing to pay for treatments doctors were recommending for their patients, claiming that the treatments were not "medically necessary." Many people who were getting the coverage denials assumed they could get help from the courts by bringing lawsuits against their insurers. What they discovered was that a 1974 law most of them had never heard of, which had been enacted to keep unscrupulous employers from reneging on their commitments to pay retirement benefits to their workers, made it almost impossible for them to get sufficient remedies in the courts.

While the motivation of Congress was to protect employer-sponsored pension plans when it passed the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) in 1974, the federal courts over the years have interpreted the law to apply to all employee benefits, including health care benefits. Because it is a federal law, it preempts state laws, meaning that the 130 million Americans enrolled in employer-sponsored ERISA-protected plans cannot sue their insurance companies (or their employers) in state court if they have been denied coverage for a treatment or procedure. The can try to sue in federal court, but even if they succeed, they can only recover the value of the denied treatment or procedure. Federal courts, unlike state courts, cannot require defendants to compensate plaintiffs for pain and suffering or lost wages. The monetary awards to plaintiffs who win their lawsuits are typically so small that few lawyers are willing to represent patients in federal courts.

Those interpretations of the law that restrict a patient's right to sue have been a big blow to consumers and a big win for insurers and employers. The first Patients' Bill of Rights grew out of that backlash against insurance companies and the protection from lawsuits they and their corporate customers enjoy, thanks to ERISA. Because of the widespread public anger over HMOs' practices, the Patients' Bill of Rights was initially so popular it attracted bipartisan support in Congress. The House version was co-sponsored by a conservative Republican from Georgia, Charles Norwood, and a liberal Democrat, Charlie Dingell. The Senate co-sponsors were John McCain and Ted Kennedy.

Deploying Buzzwords and Generating Fear

Fearing that the law would pass and they would have to operate in a more consumer-friendly way, the insurers got the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and the Federation of Independent Business to join them in a deception-based campaign -- planned and carried out by the PR firm Porter Novelli and the front group it created and staffed, the Health Benefits Coalition -- to scare people into thinking that the law would open the floodgates to "frivolous lawsuits." That was a term they knew from focus groups would be especially effective in their multi-million dollar campaign to manipulate public opinion. The effect of all those frivolous lawsuits, HBC alleged, would be skyrocketing health insurance premiums.

There was no real evidence that would happen. In fact, in the two years after the Texas legislature in 1997 passed a Patients' Bill of Rights with an expanded right to sue, only four lawsuits were filed. Nevertheless, the fear-mongering campaign had the intended effect. House and Senate leaders could never agree on a single bill. Bush did not have to exercise his threatened veto because no Patients' Bill of Rights ever reached his desk.

As the recent debate on reform began to heat up and Kucinich and other lawmakers began calling for changes to ERISA, the big for-profit insurers joined several of the country's largest employers to bankroll a new front group called the National Coalition on Benefits. The sole purpose of that group, like its predecessor the Health Benefits Coalition, was to fight any attempt to tinker with ERISA. The strategy worked just like it did the first time. No tinkering was allowed.

More Reform is Needed

Insurers and big employers argue that ERISA allows them to offer benefits to their employees more efficiently because it exempts them from what they pejoratively call a patchwork of state regulations. That's true, but many consumer advocates, health policy experts, jurists and regulators believe that the ERISA preemption of state laws does more harm than good. As the National Association of Insurance Commissioners noted in a comprehensive report on the often harmful consequences of ERISA's preemption of state laws: "ERISA provides few rights to consumers and, more significantly, it is used as a weapon to block the states' implementation of health care consumer rights."

So while Obama's Patients' Bill of Rights represents an important step forward, much more reform is needed if the United States is ever to have a health care system that benefits its citizens more than profit-driven health insurance companies.

 
 
 

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10:21 AM on 06/30/2010
It's actually cheaper to not have a health insurance policy because even if you're in excellent health and young, buying personal insurance that isn't partly covered by an employer is way too expensive. Especially if you only go to a doctor once or twice a year. Most people buy into coverage for the possibility of catastrophic accidents or diseases. Luckily when those things finally DO happen, they will most likely be denied the coverage they spent years paying into, anyway. It's a no win situation (except for the insurance companies who are getting all the money.)
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ChasG
Unborn, unchanging, undying Universe
10:38 AM on 06/30/2010
True, the young and healthy have no natural incentive to buy health insurance. Even the penalties in the health care bill are far cheaper than the cost of insurance, a flaw that is almost certain to be looked at eventually as sick people also learn to game the new system until and unless the "buy insurance mandate" has some teeth in it that makes non-compliance more expensive.
But the reform did prevent the insurance industry from cancelling or non-renewing insurance when people get sick. Health care reform is just getting started, incrementally, as promised during the primary debates.
01:02 PM on 06/30/2010
Since I couldn't reply to you on my thread I will do so here. I do mind when people die for want of health care, and if I had the money I would probably help. The closest I can do to helping is to participate freely in insurance. Gov't run healthcare or gov't mandated insurance is not driven by my free choice. That is the problem I have with it. You would have people work for the benefit of others without compensation, that is slavery.
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Raul Garcia
Documentary Filmmaker
01:19 PM on 07/01/2010
Strange reasoning on your part. Expanding Medicare for all would pay for both you and your fellow human beings.

Is this concept a little too fair for you to cope with?
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sprtakis69
Shouldn't all people be entitled to Equal rights?
04:59 AM on 06/30/2010
Try to imagine what kind of America we'd have if lobbying was illegal.

Think about it.

All those millions of dollars lobbyists pour into campaign coffers could then be used by the actual companies to give their employees raises, or in this case, insurance companies would have the money to pay out claims. If lobbying were illegal big banks would have money in their coffers to prevent themselves from failing instead of relying on the American taxpayer to bail them out.

If lobbying were illegal maybe our House and Senate would work for us and pass laws that HELP THE AMERICAN PEOPLE instead of corporate America.

It’s a crying shame that we’ve handed our country over to lobbyists/corporations and the very people we elect are elected to benefit Wall Street, big banks, major corporations and NOT the AMERICAN PUBLIC.
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Chris1962
NYC
04:18 AM on 06/30/2010
>>>because, once again, insurers had made sure it would not be part of any bill that reached his desk.>>>

Obama folded to every last thing Karen Ignagni insisted upon. That's why you don't have a public option, people. That was the first to go. What Karen wanted, Karen got. And you all got the shaft from the man of "change." Have some more Kool-Aid.
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Beatriz09
10:44 AM on 06/30/2010
They only link you've posted to try to prove this hypothesis doesn't even talk about a certain Karen Ignagni ... .
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Chris1962
NYC
12:06 PM on 06/30/2010
>>>They only link you've posted to try to prove this hypothesis doesn't even talk about a certain Karen Ignagni ... . >>>

I've posted this link a number times: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/obamasdeal/view/?utm_campaign=viewpage&utm_medium=grid&utm_source=grid Try clicking on it.
10:07 PM on 06/29/2010
Mr. Potter. I 've seen you on TV many times. You are a rare person, one that actually put the average person and our wellbeing before the money you made.

Please run against Obama in the primary. You will get my vote.

So many of us are desperate for an honest person to vote for in 2012. I am putting you on my wish list.
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Beatriz09
10:36 AM on 06/30/2010
Since when is it enough to be honest to be able to change things overnight ... ?
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cadawa
07:27 PM on 06/29/2010
Obama is a weak, frightened man. The American people are suffering for his sins.
10:09 PM on 06/29/2010
I kinda thing corrupt more than weak and frightened but for sure some of those two things too.
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Beatriz09
10:31 PM on 06/29/2010
Yeah ... that's why he has been able to convince Congress to pass health care reform that the Dems already wanted for more than half a century but never succeeded doing ... and to pass financial reform that even Elisabeth Warren calls "historic" (it's more than 30 years ago that such a tough regulations have been imposed on Wall Street) ... and to stop the worst recession in decades ... and to transform a situation where we lost 800,000 jobs a month and each month 100,000 more than the previous month into a situation where we add 300,000 new jobs a month and each month 100,000 more than the previous month ... .

I could go on and on.

You may call this "sins", but in that case I'd tell you that the god you're worshipping seems to prefer wealthy Americans to ordinary citizens .. .
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Chris1962
NYC
04:26 AM on 06/30/2010
>>>Yeah ... that's why he has been able to convince Congress to pass health care reform that the Dems already wanted for more than half a century but never succeeded doing>>>

Yeah, against the will of the majority of Americans, who never wanted Obama/Pelosi/Reid's HCR to begin with and now want it repealed. Brilliant master plan. The Republicans are only leading by about eight points among Likely Voters now. The CBO has since announced that Pelosi's figures were a tad off. Seems it's gonna cost twice as much (whoops!) just as the Republicans had said all along. So, needless to say, Americans will get to pay MORE, now that Obama/Pelosi/Reid have handily REFORMED the system. It also turns out that not everyone will be able to keep their preferred policies, as originally promised, and just as Republicans had warned. OH, WELL!
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Raul Garcia
Documentary Filmmaker
01:22 PM on 07/01/2010
The health care bill is a sham without expanding Medicare, and Elizabeth Warren has stated time and time again, the financial reform bill leaves much to be desired.

This settling for a half loaf reasoning, when we need a truck load is self defeating to say the least and only serves the status quo.
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Beatriz09
05:39 PM on 06/29/2010
Thanks for your article Wendell Potter.

Just one question. When you say:

"The reality is that the original Patients' Bill of Rights would have accomplished something else that many patient's have long sought: it would have expanded their right to sue their insurance companies for, among other things, wrongfully denying coverage for needed medical care."

you admit that most of the reasons why coverage is denied today will disappear because the new laws bans them. I was wondering WHAT, in that case, could still be denied under the new law and for what reason?
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brt929
06:17 PM on 06/29/2010
I'll bet that companies can still deny treatments that are deemed experimental.

Believe me insurance companies are in the business to make a profit- many times that is in direct conflict with your treatment.
10:13 PM on 06/29/2010
First of all, without any cost controls most people that can't afford insurance now will still not be able to and therefore it won't matter that they can't deny for a pre existing condition.

Then they can still recsind for ANYTHING they call fraud. You'd better believe there will be lots and lots of rescisions, especially if you have any serious illness.

With the public option Obama promised us or even better the single payer that most of us wanted those points would be moot.
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Beatriz09
10:39 PM on 06/29/2010
1. I want single payer too, but there's no majority for single payer yet, so before obtaining it we'll have to go knocking on some more doors.

2. there wasn't a workable majority in the Senate for a public option neither. Obama longtime thought there was (and rightly so), until Liebermann flip-flopped.

3. there are a LOT of cost control mechanisms in the new HCR law. Just some examples:

- insurance companies have to spend at least 80% of their revenues on care (making illegitimate premium increases impossible)
- a government oversight agency will determine whether the increases in premiums certain companies propose are justified or not
- the exchange pool will make it possible for families and small businesses to have much more leverage, which will increase quality and lower prices

Moreover, there almost shoudn't be any individuals who cannot afford insurance anymore, as Medicaid is being expanded to ALL the poor (no longer only the disabled etc.) and middle classes and small businesses will receive the largest subsidies and health care tax credits in history. The CBO shows that for more than half of the middle class families that will mean that what they pay themselves to buy coverage will go down by more than 50%.
05:13 PM on 06/29/2010
I have one question: What is the purpose of insurance if you already have a known illness? Isn't that like getting collision insurance after the accident? Insurance is like a bet with the company that you will get sick. The funds of the healthy pay for the costs of the sick. If you take away the pre-existing condition restriction you defeat the whole purpose of insurance and will cause huge increases in rates.
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Beatriz09
05:43 PM on 06/29/2010
Contrary to other types of insurance, the purpose of health insurance is not insurance, but health.

People who have a known illness will only be able to have a decent life if their treatment is paid for by the vast majority of healthy people. Banning pre-existing conditions means that we as a society decide that sick people have the right to work and live like anybody else, instead of having to sell their home or even refuse treatment because they have to pay the costs all on their own.

It's simply a moral choice you make as a nation.

And no, this will not necessarily increase rates, because the insurance industry will get 30 million more costumers, and in this sense much more money too.
06:51 PM on 06/29/2010
You are displaying a vast lack of logical thinking here. First of all insurance is always a bet against your own good luck. You are paying the company to include you in a pool of other betters. Second, society cannot make decisions nor take rights away from indivduals. I want to keep my proerty so that I can live. You say that someone else has a right to my property because they are sick. My life would be wonderful with a couple of slaves. Care to be the first volunteer? Maybe I can just get the gov't to say that I can have a couple slaves, just for emergencies you understand, I mean what are their rights compared to my needs? I will allow them to live a comfortable life and ask the gov't to subsidize my slavery so that they can live a good life. Sound good?
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Chris1962
NYC
12:31 PM on 06/30/2010
>>>
And no, this will not necessarily increase rates, because the insurance industry will get 30 million more costumers, and in this sense much more money too. >>>

Study: Individual insurance premiums on the rise
http://www.kansascity.com/2010/06/21/2033162/study-individual-insurance-premiums.html
10:03 AM on 06/30/2010
We already have a system whereby your property is taken and used for others. It's called "taxes." You have the ability to call 911 and get emergency services run to your home and help you and you get mail in your mailbox plus oodles of other services that we mainly take for granted but are paid for by the society as a whole. If you want to keep everything that's yours and not be part of society then don't call 911 when you have trouble. See if your neighbor will loan you a bucket of THEIR water to put our your fires.
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Chris1962
NYC
12:33 PM on 06/30/2010
>>>We already have a system whereby your property is taken and used for others. It's called "taxes." You have the ability to call 911 and get emergency services run to your home and help you and you get mail in your mailbox plus oodles of other services that we mainly take for granted but are paid for by the society as a whole.>>>

911 is paid for by local taxes, not federal taxes.
01:05 PM on 06/30/2010
This argument is old and ridiculous. First as my friend below mentions, police and fire are local matters. Second, they are both examples of the gov't protecting individuals' rights and proerty in exchange for money. Health care and insurance are not rights because they require someone else's labor or service in order to exist.
05:13 PM on 06/29/2010
Who do you think that corporate America's kitty kat is going to look after ?
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ThatsTheTheWayItIs
religion, ideology, partisanship are delusional
04:44 PM on 06/29/2010
The right to sue is of limited value, to a few very-expensive cases.
By the time you paid your lawyers there would likely be nothing left.
You probably can't get the court to reimburse your legal fees.
04:35 PM on 06/29/2010
Obama never signed a "health care reform bill." He signed a corporate welfare bill, dressed up as insurance reform. Please get your terms straight.
04:44 PM on 06/29/2010
Agreed. What we have been sold as healthcare reform is basically a ploy to deliver a captive audience to the insurance companies.... mandated by law.
05:13 PM on 06/29/2010
That's right. We were sold right down the Swannee River by Obama
04:01 PM on 06/29/2010
I am confused, what have we actually gained by this new Health care law? I can't figure it out. Maybe someone can explain it to me?
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margoharris
I used to be Snow White but I drifted.
04:19 PM on 06/29/2010
What rock have you been hiding under all this time?
05:14 PM on 06/29/2010
A cogent answer would be so much more useful than your sophomoric witticism. But you are quite obviously unable to answer the question.
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ThatsTheTheWayItIs
religion, ideology, partisanship are delusional
04:40 PM on 06/29/2010
You now have insurance, before you just thought you did. Before this law, insurers could kick you out if you became expensive, and then other insurers could refuse you coverage, forever. Kids were being denied coverage because they were overweight, considered a "pre-existing condition".

A while ago I worked in NH, and we hired a woman, and then a week after she started our insurer refused to cover her (she had Hodgkins disease). Luckily her old job took her back, but she couldn't work we she wanted to. That sound right to you - an insurance company determining where you can work?

I live in MA, and "pre-existing condition" has not been allowed here for 20 years, well before they passed the "Romney" care bill. The new Fed law is almost identical to the state law here. It's a good deal; now you have real insurance.
05:15 PM on 06/29/2010
Ha, I like the false frame you place on things, the insurancecompany doesn't force someone to change jobs. Do you realize the ridiculous rate increases that would be necessary and will be necessary to cover people with pre-existing coditions?
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aligatorhardt
Cut on the bias
01:20 PM on 06/29/2010
This is an important issue. The right to sue is fundamental in our society. The laws placing arbitrary limits on damages are wrong. The amount of damages must be determined for each case. An example is when a patient has a procedure at a north Florida hospital they are asked to sign an agreement that liability will be fixed at $100,000. At today's prices that figure would be reached with 2 weeks in intensive care and any required surgery could run over easily. And this is a college teaching hospital where students perform many tasks. What of the person that suffers injury from malpractice that results in the need for multiple surgeries, or extended treatments or lifetime of specialized care? The hospital is free to scrimp on services or personnel but has no accountability for the consequences of their actions. Actually I found that It is not required to sign this agreement, but only if you take prerogative to deny the acceptance of the limit. It remains to be seen if the limit would stand in a lawsuit.
05:16 PM on 06/29/2010
Good point, gov't involvment is always detrimental. Get them out of health care entirely instead of allowing them to set arbitrary standards which respond at bureuacratic speed.
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Damiano Iocovozzi MSN NP
01:08 PM on 06/29/2010
There are so many complications with health insurance reform. There are elephants in the room that no body will recognize! We spend 25% of the health care dollar on medical futility for those who are well past a cure, a remission or a reprieve from advanced age. The insured and uninsured often get the wrong sort of health care during their last months of life. We spend about $10,000 per day on futile care in our nation's ICUs, on a merry-go-round of tireless specialists who order everything medically and futilely for those who would be much better off in control and pain-free in their own homes, supervised by hospice providers, all at a cost of about $100 per day. I have been at the bedside for 23 years in many roles. What is the point of putting a 90 year old on a ventilator? What is the point of torturing someone with stage four cancer in the ICU? There is no rhyme or reason for this abuse, waste and fraud, except for money. The only profiteers are medical specialties, big pharma, disposibles, labs, diagnostics and hospitals who like to keep their ICU beds filled with the dying in the American version of a high tech hospice. Just think of providing sane, quality care to the dying, at a low cost that is humane and appropriate! Visit my web page at soonerorlaterbook.com to listen to free podcasts with prominent physician radio personalities and me.
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joyf1
Glad I live on an island.
01:06 AM on 07/02/2010
You obviously have never had a loved one get saved by modern medicine. My husband has stage IV cancer, and I'm certainly relieved you have no power over his care.
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gypsy508
12:48 PM on 06/29/2010
Well, couldn't you now sue the government for forcing you to buy into the health insurance that was denied you?
nothingchanges
too soon old, too late smart
12:33 PM on 06/29/2010
Before the Health Care Reform Bill became law, every American citizen had the "right" to go to a hospital emergency room for care, regardless of insurance or ability to pay.

How many have died waiting to exercise that "right"?

Until there is a means to insure that patients are seen in a timely manner, patients "rights" will have little real value.

I can't help but wonder if the delays by some hospitals are intentional........... A means of discouraging the use of emergency rooms. If so, it works.

Last time I was in a hospital waiting room (6 hrs to have a gaping wound stitched) over 1/2 of the other occupants left without seeing a nurse, much less a doctor. I have no way of knowing how serious their complaints might have been, unfortunately neither does anyone else.

This is the reality of our medical delivery system, a reality that Health Care Reform doesn't begin to address.

So much anger, so much rhetoric, over a bill that accomplished so very little. A wasted opportunity, that will not again appear in my lifetime.

It just shows what can be accomplished when those that govern a society value money higher then they do the people that make up its populace.
05:18 PM on 06/29/2010
So you clearly recognize the need for more doctors. Will you be in favor of forcing good students into the medical field or would you rather make it more profitable to become a doctor?
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brt929
05:51 PM on 06/29/2010
Well said. Fanned.