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Wray Herbert

Wray Herbert

Weight Control: The Psychology Behind Holiday Pounds

Posted: 12/ 6/10 08:09 AM ET

Americans typically gain a pound between Thanksgiving and New Year's Day. That may not sound like much to worry about, but the problem is that we don't lose that pound once the holiday season ends. Instead, we accumulate a pound per season, year after year, for 10, 15, 20 years and more. Looked at that way, it's no wonder that two-thirds of Americans are now obese.

So all we have to do, rather than gaining that pound, is lose a pound during the holidays -- or just stay even. It's only six weeks, so let's show some discipline and skip the gravy, plum pudding and eggnog. It seems simple enough, but alas it's not, as any dieter will tell you. Showing restraint during the holidays is so much harder than it is normally, even with the best intentions.

Some intriguing new evidence from the University of Chicago suggests that dieters may be fundamentally different in their response to temptation -- in a way that actually increases risk of gaining weight during the holidays. The abundance of sweet and savory sights and aromas may trigger a pleasurable response that doesn't abate in the normal way, persisting through time and sabotaging self-discipline.

At least that's the theory of psychological scientist Wilhelm Hofmann, who with his colleagues has been exploring the interplay of temptation, restraint, pleasure and time. They studied a large group of volunteers, some of whom were always vigilant about their diet; the others were lucky and didn't have to exercise restraint. Some of these volunteers were primed with a food stimulus -- the thought of chocolate or cake, for example -- while others were not. The scientists wanted to see if the dieters who were exposed to thoughts of rich food -- the equivalent of having holiday aromas wafting through the home -- would later have a more emotional reaction to these tempting foods.

They predicted that without the priming, the dieters' goals and motivation to succeed would be strong enough to trump any extraordinary pleasure response. And that's just what they found. Without exposure to the idea of rich food, the dieters did just fine with self-restraint; indeed their emotional response to food was actually less intense than that of the non-dieters. But here's the rub: When primed with visions of sugarplums and other temptations, the dieters had a much more elevated and enduring emotional response to tempting food. The non-dieters also experienced good feelings when stimulated by thoughts of holiday food, but their pleasure dissipated rapidly, whereas the dieter's pleasure response showed no sign of dropping off. In other words, the food-rich environment put them in a "hot" state, which not only put them at greater risk of abandoning their dietary goals, but kept them in that "hot" state.

In order to better understand this "hot" state, the scientists gave the volunteers two additional questionnaires. One measured the power of food with items like: "If I see or smell a food I like, I get a powerful urge to have some." The other one was a food cravings questionnaire, which measured things like intensity of craving; eating to salve negative emotions and lack of control over eating. Both of these questionnaires tap into attitudes and feelings related to problem eating. And, as reported online in the journal Psychological Science, both these measures were closely connected to the dieters' unflagging pleasure around rich food.

The normal eaters in these studies -- which really means the lucky minority who don't have to diet -- are scientifically interesting. They appear to have a pleasurable response to food, but one that naturally diminishes over time, hinting at some kind of internal mechanism for disengaging from familiar smells, tastes and other tempting cues. Those of us who lack that normal control have a more elaborate and unhealthy relationship to food as a source of pleasure -- what has been called "hedonic hunger'' -- which makes the temptation-rich holiday home a dangerous place.

 
 
 
Americans typically gain a pound between Thanksgiving and New Year's Day. That may not sound like much to worry about, but the problem is that we don't lose that pound once the holiday season ends. I...
Americans typically gain a pound between Thanksgiving and New Year's Day. That may not sound like much to worry about, but the problem is that we don't lose that pound once the holiday season ends. I...
 
 
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12:08 AM on 12/07/2010
" the food-rich environment put them in a "hot" state, which not only put them at greater risk of abandoning their dietary goals, but kept them in that "hot" state."
This is why I call the Food Network and Swiss Colony/Harry & David atalogs "Food Porn". As someone who has successfully lost 220 pounds and is keeping the pounds off day after day, I am always amazed by people who, without ever having a food issue themselves, assume that people choose to be morbidly obese and just do not want to put down the food. No one ever wanted to be 100, 200+ pounds overweight. The tastes, smells and behaviors associated with food consumption can be an addiction to some people. Addiction is a disease, not a bad habit like biting your nails.

Why is 95% of the weight lost in diets is regained? Does anyone WANT to gain back that weight? I think not. It is a daily fight to stay food sober in a world where decadent food consumption is encouraged everywhere. I am grateful when articles like this help explain to others what life is like for people who have this problem.

~Jane
keepingthepoundsoff.com
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stefanpinto
I'm an actor and a
11:18 PM on 12/06/2010
The only reason you eat more during the holidays is because there is more to eat. If you go to a party, and there is food you will likely eat it. Since most people attend parties hungry, and holiday parties do not cater to dieters, then, obviously, you will eat the food. It's simple: hungry at a party filled with unhealthy food, you will eat it and you will gain weight.
08:30 PM on 12/06/2010
If a person has obesity-resistant genes, a holiday splurge will be countered by increased sympathetic nervous system activity which causes increased fat burning, and other biochemical changes that reduce appetite. This continues until the obesity-resistant person returns to his/her setpoint. It is only when these homeostatic mechanisms malfunction that one becomes obese.

http://drumlib.com
03:59 AM on 12/07/2010
OK. That was WELL said. Fanned. And faved.
03:03 PM on 12/06/2010
The problem is clearly not holiday food, but DIETING. People who are dieting are...let me guess...maybe fat or at least chubby generally speaking (not including some people who starve themselves constantly). Most fat people did not get fat by eating over the holidays. Obese people in particular are gaining weight all the time, and that's why they're so hungry (when you're gaining weight your body is starving itself). Obviously when hungry people see lots of delicious foods they're going to respond appropriately. I say that the emotional and physical side-benefits of just relaxing, kicking back and enjoying the holidays and all the food and drink you want is the perfect way to reconnect with the notion of "normality", especially if you've been a "dieter". Then, in January, turn it around and give your body some much needed special attention. The couple of pounds you've gained are easy to get rid of once you know how.

http://winningtheobesitybattle.wordpress.com/
02:54 PM on 12/06/2010
I wonder if the actual season itself has anything to do with it. Do you think humans are naturally inclined to try to gain a little weight at the onset of winter?
12:45 PM on 12/06/2010
Excellent overview of how those who manage their weight effectively during the holidays... did they have any suggestions... or top 10 things to do and not do over the holidays??

Inquiring minds want to know!

Roger
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Wray Herbert
Wray Herbert is the author of On Second Thought
02:42 PM on 12/06/2010
The article is not prescriptive, but the implicit suggestion is to stay away (when possible) from all that holiday excess. It's the abundance of rich food that acts as "preexposure" prime for pleasure--weakening resolve over time.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ataha
My belief is I get to make fun of your beliefs
03:22 PM on 12/06/2010
I have observed that there are 2 types of eaters. One type of eater can control themselves enough that they can keep snacks and temping foods at home and not totally demolish them in short order (this sounds like one of your types). A friend at work had the same bag of chips on his desk for 3 weeks and just had a few chips every 2 or 3 days. The other type of eater is like me. I do not keep chips, chocolate or anything tempting at home or at work because if I have it at home (particularly if I've opened the container), I WILL finish it, and quickly. I have to plan ahead when I will buy a bag of chips or a chocolate bar. I sound more like your hedonistic eater.
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phishphan
04:43 PM on 12/06/2010
Discipline, portion control and exercise.

Still not convinced?

Watch someone die form complications due to diabetes. If that doesn't change your mind then keep eating and remain unhealthy.Good luck with that.

My mom died at 62. Diabetes complications. You always have regrets as you're losing your life.

Make a healthy change in your life style. No one is making you eat cr@p. You choose to be unhealthy. At the very least give yourself a chance.