The VIP section of a popular nightclub in Charlotte, N.C., was booming on a Thursday night in mid-June, as well-dressed revelers passed around top-shelf bottles of liquor, small bags of cocaine and Molly, a purified form of Ecstasy.
A clean-cut lawyer who looked to be in his early 30s complained to a reporter that he had a case to try at 8 the next morning and couldn't partake in any of the "fun." He promised his friends, who were indulging in a variety of drugs and booze, that he would stick around later the next evening.
This is a typical night in the haze of Charlotte's shadow economy, a thriving black market of drugs and prostitution fueled by the wealthy young professionals who work in the financial district. As city leaders brace for protests and parties that will ignite like Molotov cocktails across Charlotte during September's Democratic National Convention, entrepreneurs in this shadow economy are quietly preparing to take advantage of the influx of potential customers.
As these impresarios see it, hundreds of thousands of dollars stand to be made in illicit transactions over the three days and nights of Sept. 4 to Sept. 6.
James, a bartender whose name The Huffington Post has changed to protect his identity, says the economic boost provided by the convention will trickle down -- all the way down. He should know. James plans to return to his old trade: narcotic sales.
"Anything that helps the economy is going to help everyone's economy, from the bartenders and restaurant owners to the drug dealers," James says, as he pours drinks at a bar in the downtown area.
Because of the stress, James recently gave up his side gig dealing cocaine and other drugs to patrons of Charlotte's high-end bar scene. But he says he can't pass up the opportunity the first week in September will bring.
"I will be loaded up that week," he says.
Thomas is a local nightclub promoter who knows the habits of his clientele. Because of the risks -- and grave consequences -- that come with transporting drugs across state lines themselves, Thomas predicts many visitors will be on the hunt during the Democratic convention. The event is expected to bring 35,000 people to Charlotte, including some 5,000 delegates and VIPs, 15,000 journalists, and another 15,000 staffers, volunteers, security personnel, tourists, protesters and vendors.
Thomas, whose name also has been changed, says the fancy suits of powerful politicians and executives can be deceiving when it comes to drugs and other vices. "There are so many people you wouldn't expect," Thomas says. "Lawyers, doctors, bankers. For me, it's actually more rare to find someone who doesn't do any of it."
In the week or so leading up to the convention, James plans to buy about two ounces of cocaine, which is likely to cost him more than $3,000, and two ounces of Molly, a powder often sold in capsules. Two ounces of Molly could cost him north of $5,000, a price that can vary widely depending on location, market forces and the size of the overall purchase. James says each ounce can bring him $600 to $800 in profit, depending on how he sells it. Drugs, like most other commodities, become progressively cheaper if purchased in bulk, a rule that applies to dealers and retail customers.
Thomas says he plans to target high rollers during convention week, although he's only selling club tables, not drugs. But he knows drugs will be readily available -- and not closely targeted by law enforcement. He's never witnessed club management or police do anything to intercept drug use in clubs, Thomas says. "Not at all. Not even remotely."
Rob Tufano, a spokesman for the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police Department, says Thomas' observation isn't typical. "We're not so naive as to think that there's no drug activity in nightclubs," Tufano says. "Our vice officers regularly respond to situations that arise, so to think that we're not policing the nightclubs and bars would be inaccurate."
Earlier this year, the department received a $50 million grant from the federal government to provide security during the convention. The police will manage protests, the convention perimeter, emergency preparations, crime and the general disruption caused by 35,000 visitors, roughly equivalent to 5 percent of the city's population. The ranks of the more than 1,700-man police force are also expected to swell considerably, with out-of-town officers and support staff.
Other law enforcement agencies, including the FBI, the Secret Service and the Department of Homeland Security, are expected in Charlotte during the convention, but plans for them are being kept under wraps. During the 2008 Democratic convention in Denver, city police made 152 arrests, mostly of protesters.
Tufano declined to reveal how many officers are expected for the Democratic convention but acknowledged that the recent upsurge in protests nationally would divert attention to policing such activity.
That emphasis is just one of the reasons James, the bartender, and many of his patrons aren't that worried about cops cracking down on vice. Most drug users, especially the clientele he expects during the convention, know how to avoid run-ins with police.
"As far as walking up and down the street [with drugs], yes, it will be hot," James says. "There will be dogs around, I'm sure, but [upscale drug users] aren't going to be looking for dealers on the corner. These people are very private."
James describes the downtown bar and club scene as an open market filled with suppliers, usually the barbacks or the security guards working doors. "There are some bathroom attendants who have everything from cigarettes to chewing gum to cocaine."
So users know where to find the drugs, but where will they indulge?
"Those types of people, with a lot to lose and great jobs, you won't see them in the bathrooms with a bag of coke," James says. For them, "the night doesn't really start until the bars close at 2 a.m."
CROSSTOWN TRAFFIC
For downtown patrons, last call often means a short ride back to a swanky condo where the party continues. But the well-connected, high-profile party animals attending the convention will most likely wind up back at area hotels, illegal after-hours clubs known as "liquor houses," or rented suburban houses accessible only through word of mouth.
For some conventioneers, it isn't what they'll be bringing back to their private parties -- it's who.
"There will be women for sale," says Charity Magnuson, "and most of them will have been trafficked one way or another."
Magnuson, who runs the nonprofit NC Stop Human Trafficking, describes trafficking as the harboring or transportation of anyone, over any distance, in order to exploit that person's labor, including sex work. Her latest priority has been to prepare for what she expects will be a spike in prostitution and trafficking during the Democratic convention.
"We're calling every hotel in town and reading scripts," Magnuson says, meaning that her group tries to teach employees how to recognize women who may have been brought to the hotels against their will. "Lots of hospitality workers see trafficking all the time. They just don't know what it's called."
North Carolina ranked among the top 10 U.S. states in reports of human trafficking last year, according to the Polaris Project, a national anti-trafficking organization. The reasons? Magnuson cites the state's location as a gateway to both the Midwest and the Northeast, as well as its vast highway system and its agricultural industry, which requires low-wage seasonal labor.
Having counseled dozens of prostitutes and trafficking victims in the Charlotte area, Magnuson says it's often impossible to separate a sex worker's "free will" from the tangled webs of addiction, coercion and financial and emotional dependency that bind many prostitutes to their exploiters. Many sex workers develop a kind of Stockholm syndrome, convinced their pimps "love" them. Much of the time, "these girls don't consider themselves victims," she says.
That's just one reason recognizing trafficked women isn't always easy.
"Victims of human trafficking, many times, are hiding in plain sight," U.S. Attorney Anne Tompkins said at a January meeting in Charlotte to address the issue. "We need the eyes and the ears of the people in this community to help us identify potential human trafficking victims."
At hotels, Magnuson says, she teaches employees to look for signs of malnutrition, unusually fearful or anxious behavior, and minors on "dates" with older men -- all of which can indicate that a person is working against his or her will.
Not all prostitutes answer to someone else. On the streets, a woman who works for herself, rather than for a pimp or a "manager," is known as a "renegade." Magnuson says plenty of renegades can be found in the upscale hotel bars sure to be frequented by conventioneers.
"The girls will just go sit at the bar and talk to guys," she says. "They know how to dress for the hotels they're going to."
They also know how to spot potential customers. As one woman, a renegade, explained to Magnuson, "I never have to look for guys in hotels because they're already looking for me. They recognize me instantly." In addition to working the hotel bar scene, this woman also maintained Internet profiles on various adult websites.
Another late-night party option, the liquor house, is a far cry from the comfort of a sleek hotel. A holdover from Prohibition, the houses are typically located in low-income neighborhoods and operate as unregulated all-hours clubs.
In Charlotte, law enforcement has recently targeted liquor houses, resulting in multiple arrests. But delegates, journalists and convention volunteers needn't worry about a shortage come early September. Temporary replacements have begun popping up in higher-income neighborhoods, including Lake Norman, where partyers will take over a McMansion and turn it into a free-for-all of drugs, sex and alcohol. Hosts of such late-night parties often serve as pimps as well.
TOP-SHELF LIQUOR HOUSES
Debbie Hancock, a co-founder of Compassion to Act, a faith-based trafficking outreach center in Charlotte, says local law enforcement and nonprofits are preparing for a spike in the number of suburban liquor houses during the Democratic convention.
"There are these million-dollar homes in places like Norman and [Lake] Wiley," she says. "We understand that people will be renting them, and girls will be bused in and bused out during the conventions."
For out-of-towners with enough cash and the right contacts, these upscale temporary brothels amount to sex tourism, tacked on to an otherwise official trip to a political convention.
Hancock and Magnuson both make it clear that they expect the FBI and the Immigration and Customs Enforcement arm of the Department of Homeland Security to play key roles in helping to locate and intercept trafficked sex workers. Both agencies have liaisons stationed in Charlotte, working to prevent human trafficking. But neither agency's representatives would divulge convention plans.
Vice crimes, such as drug dealing, drug use and prostitution, "have been on our radar since we were named as the 2012 host city," says Tufano, the police spokesman. "Our vice and narcotics officers are aware of the situations, and they're prepared to deal with anything that comes up."
According to Tufano, experience suggests that human and drug trafficking may not climb as high as either James, the bartender, or Hancock, the activist, expect. "We've talked to agents at other cities that have hosted political events like this," Tufano says, "and they seemed to indicate that they didn't see a huge spike in that type of activity."
That kind of information is, of course, already rumbling through Charlotte's underworld.
James says he's heard the supply of drugs entering the city has dried up slightly in recent weeks, a trend he expects will continue as the convention approaches. "Anytime something happens involving the government, the highways tighten up."
But tighter patrols will likely prove more disruptive to the drug trade than the sex trade. "There's a much lower risk for the trafficker" in moving people than in moving drugs, notes Magnuson. "Dogs can't smell who is being trafficked."
While Charlotteans can only speculate how a major political convention will change their city, people like Thomas and James know for certain what it will leave behind: cold, hard tourist cash. Only creatures of the night know where and how it will be spent.
As Thomas puts it, "When you're in the scene, nothing is ever planned ... until 2:15 a.m."
This story is a joint project of The Huffington Post and Creative Loafing Charlotte.
Before You Go
