Phoenix.- La Suprema Corte de Justicia de Estados Unidos analizará el próximo miércoles argumentos a favor y en contra de la ley SB1070 de Arizona, en un histórico caso que determinará el futuro de la aplicación de las leyes migratorias en este país.
Analistas legales consideran que el dictamen del máximo tribunal, que se espera para este verano, será una decisión trascendental que determinara si los estados tienen derecho a emitir y aplicar leyes migratorias, o es facultad exclusiva del gobierno federal.
La ley SB 1070, promulgada por la gobernadora de Arizona, Jan Brewer, en abril de 2010, penaliza en el ámbito estatal encontrarse en el país en forma indocumentada.
Asimismo, autoriza a las policías locales a interrogar a cualquier persona sobre su situación migratoria, si existe una "sospecha razonable" de que se encuentra en forma ilegal en Estados Unidos.
Las partes clave de la ley permanecen suspendidas por orden de la jueza federal Susan Bolton, desde la víspera de que el estatuto entrara en vigor el 29 de julio de 2010.
La suspensión no desalentó a otros estados de seguir el ejemplo de Arizona, pero otras cortes han frenado o suspendido cláusulas controversiales de leyes estatales antiinmigrantes similares en Alabama, Georgia, Indiana, Utah y Carolina del Sur.
Sin embargo, el fallo de la Suprema Corte de Justicia, en este caso, sí afectará el futuro de esas leyes antiinmigrantes, que enfrentan diversas demandas interpuestas por organizaciones civiles y por el Departamento de Justicia de Estados Unidos
Las distintas demandas argumentan que las leyes de Arizona y de las demás entidades violan la Cláusula de Supremacía de la ley federal en la materia.
Por su parte, la gobernadora de Arizona sostiene que cada estado tiene la obligación de defender a sus residentes, sobre todo cuando el gobierno federal "ha fracasado" en cumplir con sus responsabilidades.
En agosto pasado, Arizona solicitó a la Suprema Corte su intervención para eliminar la suspensión impuesta a la ley SB 1070, luego de que otras instancias judiciales rechazaron destrabar el estatuto.
La solicitud de Arizona dio oportunidad a la Suprema Corte de intervenir, y aunque deberá resolver sobre si elimina o no la suspensión impuesta a la ley SB 1070, el fallo será trascendental para el futuro de este tipo de legislaciones.
Más de cien mociones de tipo "Amicus Curiae" (Amigos de la Corte) han sido interpuestas en el caso contra la ley SB 1070 por once procuradores estatales, 68 representantes demócratas y la Conferencia Nacional de Obispos Católicos, entre otros.
El próximo martes, un día antes de la audiencia, el Senado de Estados Unidos realizará su propia conferencia para analizar la constitucionalidad de la SB 1070.
Por su parte, activistas, religiosos y familias inmigrantes de varios estados participarán a partir del lunes en vigilias y actos de protesta frente a la Suprema Corte y otros tribunales del país, según anunciaron la organización Casa de Maryland y otros grupos cívicos.
El martes, grupos opositores a la legislación realizarán una marcha de protesta por las calles del centro de Phoenix, la capital de Arizona.
La pregunta clave ante la Suprema Corte es si Arizona tiene derecho a emitir y hacer cumplir leyes de migración.
El gobierno federal sostiene que la inmigración es un asunto exclusivo de su competencia, en tanto que Arizona argumenta que la SB 1070 refleja la ley federal en la materia y colabora con gobierno federal en la aplicación.
Se espera que tras la audiencia de este miércoles, la Suprema Corte resuelva el asunto en unos meses más, durante el verano.
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