iPhone app iPad app Android phone app Android tablet app More

Featuring fresh takes and real-time analysis from HuffPost's signature lineup of contributors
Aladdin Elaasar

Aladdin Elaasar

GET UPDATES FROM Aladdin Elaasar
 

Egyptians Rise Against Their Pharoah

Posted: 01/28/11 02:14 PM ET

Egyptian demonstrators have poured their anger against the symbols of their old hated dictator and his regime. Hosni Mubarak, 84, has been ruling Egypt with an iron fist since 1981. Demonstrators in Cairo, Alexandria, and other cities have clashed with the anti-riot forces, burnt police stations and headquarters of Mubarak's party, NDP. The crowd has a mélange of mostly young people, men and women, and even older ones. It seems that the uprising does not have a central figure or forces behind it, especially after the Mubarak government decided to shut down internet and telephone access in Egypt.

In spite of the fact that the regime has declared a curfew in Egypt and called on the army to intervene, demonstrations still persist. The winter of fury seems to be spreading throughout the region. Arab youth are demonstrating against their old authoritarian regimes in masses for the first time in recent history. Ben Ali ruled Tunisia for 23 years with an iron fist. Ali Abdullah Saleh of Yemen, another dictator who came to power by a military coup more than 34 years ago, still rules Yemen and is rumored to be preparing his son to be the next president. Yemenis have been out in thousands calling for his ouster.

Several Arab young men have set themselves on fire in protest against unemployment, poverty and oppression, from Tunisia, Mauritania, Algeria, Egypt and even in Saudi Arabia. Riots have also erupted in Jordan. These regimes were long thought of as allies of the US and pillars of stability. The US State Dept. has been criticizing these regimes year after year for grave human rights abuses against their people, yet the Mubarak regime is the largest recipient of US foreign aid after the State of Israel. This has been giving the wrong message to the people of the region about our commitment to freedom, democracy, human rights and the rule of law.
Transparency International has ranked the Mubarak regime and several other Arab regimes at the bottom of its list of highly corrupt regimes. The personal wealth of the Mubarak family is estimated between $50-70 billion. It was reported two days ago that Gamal Mubarak, son of President Mubarak was heading to London with a big entourage and about 80 pieces of luggage along with his mother, Suzanne Mubarak, and high officials, though Egyptian sources dismiss the report as false.

The Angry Generation

The International Labor Office (ILO) annual World Employment Report 2004-2005 found out that the number of unemployed people in Egypt climbed to new heights in 2005. Young people aged 15 to 24 comprise almost half of the Egypt's unemployed and are more than three times as likely as adults to be out of work. The ILO called this figure troublesome. The Middle East and North Africa, MENA, stands out as the region with the highest rate of unemployment in the world. With an unemployment rate of 23.2 percent, the Middle East is ahead of sub-Saharan Africa, the poorest region in the world, which has the second highest rate of unemployment, 19.7 percent. The Council of Arab Economic Unity estimates unemployment in the Middle East (members of the Arab League only) at 20 percent. The number of unemployed people in MENA is particularly puzzling because the oil producing countries employ 7-8 million expatriate workers transmitting perhaps as much as $22 billion a year back to their home countries.

In spite of the construction boom in real estate since the oil boom in the 70s due to the earnings of Egyptian expatriates working in Arab Gulf States, apartments are only available through purchase in tens of thousands of dollars that most average citizens cannot afford. Nevertheless, five-star luxury complexes are being built for the super-rich and the well-to-do in the Egyptian society who can afford it; the five percenters! A sense of frustration and hopelessness seems to be haunting Egyptian youth and the older people as well, who are struggling to make ends meet. The result has impacted Egyptian society in terms of the high rate of drug and alcohol use, divorce, domestic violence, road rage, sex crimes, prostitution, human trafficking, and corruption. Egyptian sociologists refer these waves of uncommon behavior to political oppression. In spite of the fact that Egypt has a number of opposition parties and one ruling party, most officials serving in the government are handpicked by the president from his own party. The Arab world has no institutions evolved by common consent for common purposes, under guarantee of law, and consequently there is nothing that can be agreed upon as the general good, author David Pryce-Jones says.

A Challenge to Obama?

It is possible to find parallels in Egypt to pre-revolutionary Iran. Given the social ills engendered by extended unemployment, especially among the qualified young; aggravated social polarization in which ill-gained wealth, insolently displayed, stood out against the growing misery of the rural and urban population; and generalized corruption spreading right up to the highest levels of society and state. Indeed, many U.S. analysts acknowledge Egypt's instability. "It will rock the world," wrote Michele Dunne, a Carnegie Endowment for International Peace scholar. "Octogenarian Mubarak, will leave office, either by his own decision or that of providence." Instability in Egypt may become an international security concern. There is no clear chain of command or civil society base to facilitate the transfer of power to the next president.

Recurring sectarian conflict and economic malaise brew. Murmurs abound that Mubarak's regime is in its final throes, and repeatedly cracking down on protest are signs of the beginning of the end. Predictably, current events are compared to the combustible final years of Sadat's tenure, when the tussle between an increasingly irrational president and an angry, organized society ended so abruptly, violently, and dramatically. There is an equally compelling view that such predictions are possible. Predicting anything as complex as regime change must bear a lot of assumptions. And even if change occurs, there's no way to determine precisely how it would happen and why. This precisely adds to the anxiety of the Egyptian people about the nearing end of the Mubarak's regime and what lies ahead. Some speculators seem to think that the military would step in at the right moment to prevent a handover of power to Gamal, or to save Egypt from other nightmarish prospects.

May Kasem, political scientist at the American University in Cairo, says that:

Political stability, peace, and development in the Middle East, like anywhere else, can best be achieved through reform rather than revolution... Foreign support may protect and prolong the lifespan of an authoritarian regime, but it cannot maintain such a regime indefinitely. It is in the interest of all parties concerned, including authoritarian regimes and their international patrons, to opt for political reform rather than risk the imposed and unpredictable transformation of dissent. The U.S.... should recognize that it should pressure friends into genuine reforms.


Aladdin Elaasar is the author of The Last Pharaoh: Mubarak and the Uncertain Future of Egypt in the Obama Age.

 
Egyptian demonstrators have poured their anger against the symbols of their old hated dictator and his regime. Hosni Mubarak, 84, has been ruling Egypt with an iron fist since 1981. Demonstrators in C...
Egyptian demonstrators have poured their anger against the symbols of their old hated dictator and his regime. Hosni Mubarak, 84, has been ruling Egypt with an iron fist since 1981. Demonstrators in C...
 
 
  • Comments
  • 35
  • Pending Comments
  • 0
  • View FAQ
Comments are closed for this entry
View All
Favorites
Bloggers
Recency  | 
Popularity
Page: 1 2  Next ›  Last »  (2 total)
photo
HUFFPOST BLOGGER
messy
artist, writer, adventurer
11:46 AM on 01/30/2011
I remember the first time I was in Egypt. A taxi driver called Hosni "pharoah." That was in 1983.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
dottyeb
11:31 AM on 01/29/2011
Excellent piece. Thank you Aladdin for sharing your thoughts with us. Your article brings many things into perspective.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Saxton
08:51 AM on 01/29/2011
This is what happens when wealth is concentrated to the top 5% and the laws and government are set up to benefit only the rich.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Logos Land
U mad?
06:40 AM on 01/29/2011
Bring back Ramses!
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
dottyeb
11:34 AM on 01/29/2011
Actually, I find little humor in the current situation in Egypt. The ramifications for the world of this political coup are staggering. Again, humor is not appropriate. IMHO
photo
HUFFPOST BLOGGER
messy
artist, writer, adventurer
11:46 AM on 01/30/2011
Which one? There were 13 of 'em.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Fireslayer
05:47 AM on 01/29/2011
Right now I see so many different people coming out against the fascist regime.

There are the pro democratic modernists.

There are the pro-Arab movement folks.

There are the pro- Islamist Republic types.

And amongst them all are the people who just want a better life than the $450 a year they can scrape from the refuse heap of their economy.

If the US would throw our 3 billion dollar a year dole to Egypt in with the latter husbanded by the the 15% or so who are well educated a critical mass would occur for the modernists of various stripes who might lead this land to modernity.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
TheIndependenceParty
Cranky yankee and a rehabilitated ex-Republican
11:58 AM on 01/29/2011
It appears Mubarak and Family have been stashing a good deal of our aid away for a rainy day. I think a hurricane is coming instead. Does anyone remember Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos of the Philippines?
12:26 PM on 01/30/2011
The more or less successful revolution in the Philippines was made possible in part by the terrific rates of literacy the Filipinos possess - and possess despite enormous poverty. The religious cultures of both these places, in very large part, influence the drive towards (or opposed) to literacy. In short, Catholicism promotes academic learning and Islam hinders the same. The increasingly well informed populace of the Philippines made them far less susceptible to despots.

Filipino Literacy rates:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 92.6%
male: 92.5%
female: 92.7% (2000 census)

Egyptian Literacy rates:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 71.4%
male: 83%
female: 59.4% (2005 est.)

Note the discrepancies between male/female rates in both cultures. It speaks volumes. I don't know to what extent the Coptic literacy rates increase the overall literacy of Egypt, but suspect that this much smaller and beleaguered part (9%) of the population contributes quite positively to Egypt's literacy rates.
12:02 AM on 01/29/2011
Osiris will not be pleased
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Ralph Noyes
I rant therefore I am.
10:45 PM on 01/28/2011
"P-H-A-R-A-O-H"
photo
tucsoncindy
dyslexia bob
08:15 PM on 01/28/2011
Thank you for your interesting insight into the eruption of the middle east. It seems
the economic divisions between the haves and have nots is spreading across the
world. The complaints from the citizens marching in the streets could happen in
any Country. The citizens marching in the streets have courage Bravo.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
dottyeb
11:36 AM on 01/29/2011
F & F'd. Think USA. We are not immune.
08:04 PM on 01/28/2011
A new government with same policies is not what the Egyptian people want. And a continuati­on of mealy mouthed double talk from government officials do no equal progress. Mubarak's problems are deeper than overstayin­­g his welcome. How about the corruption and decay that occurs when you suppress a energetic population­­. High unemployme­­nt, high food prices and a decaying infrastruc­­ture is the festering wound that creates despair in the Egyptian people.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
American Air
05:44 PM on 01/28/2011
India is next.

The Nehru feudal s have ruled India 90% of the time since independen­ce.

Rahul Gandi is being groomed to take over power. He would have children and they would take over... into perpetuity­.

India's freedom has been hijacked by this grotesque family and are not willing to relinquish power without a revolution either!
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
TheIndependenceParty
Cranky yankee and a rehabilitated ex-Republican
12:02 PM on 01/29/2011
Such families exist elsewhere, ... the Lees in Singapore, the Bush and Kennedy Families in America, ... It seems Mankind, for all of its homage to democracy and the ascent of the common man, has a natural bent toward monarchy and dynasty.

This is an addiction we need to cure ourselves of.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
plumnelly
05:25 PM on 01/28/2011
We give corrupt dictators billions while their people starve and live in squalor, this is immoral and it's time their people stood up for themselves. President Mubarak is right now talking propaganda to his people, he had 30 years to prove to his people how he would govern and all he did was take the American taxpayer money and deny his people opportunity. He's just another corrupt dictator. Kinda like our ceo's of the too big to fail banks on wall street that surround themselves with money they stole from their citizens. Murbarak created this uprising with stealing and ignoring the cries of his people, similar to the corrupt elite in America.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
MattPatrick
Promoting new uses for good ideas.
01:16 AM on 01/29/2011
F&F for the nice tie-in to Wall Street. As I was reading the article I was painfully aware of the high unemployment rates in these countries. It's fine for a short term bttom line to ship manufacturing to China but what these shortsighted ceos overlook is that their bought and paid politicians cannot maintain control in the face of corporations contributing to human misery.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
dottyeb
11:40 AM on 01/29/2011
F&F. I too, while reading Aladdin's article, could not help but note the similarities between Egypt's crisis and our crisis with the corruption of Wall Street. The US is not immune from "revolts" and "uprisings", albeit the success would be doubtfull given the power of the Military and the military industrial complex,
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Charles Ainsley
05:22 PM on 01/28/2011
-Arab youth are demonstrating against their old authoritarian regimes in masses for the first time in recent history. Murmurs abound that Mubarak's regime is in its final throes, and repeatedly cracking down on protest are signs of the beginning of the end.

Could be written thusly:

American youth are demonstrating against their old authoritarian regimes in masses for the first time in recent history. Murmurs abound that (insert favorite American government regime here) regime is in its final throes, and repeatedly cracking down on protest are signs of the beginning of the end.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
William50
05:06 PM on 01/28/2011
Using western standards what you say is true. This uprising is different then the one last week. Today we have at least a part of the military supporting the government. A legal government that can use force to bring about peace in the streets.
Today, using the sensitive feelings that the government is bad and the people are right we would back those who demand more say in government, cheaper food and more homes for the people. All very progressive democratic ideas held against the backdrop of an authoritarian government backed by money and the military.
If part of the military sides with the people, if the military steps aside, if the leadership leaves the country---a change in power what is it you believe will happen? Free elections and changing a government does not make homes, bring in investment or stop food prices from climbing. Burning stores and cars, killings and the destruction of the ruling class only means you need new leaders.
The youth could make and change Egypt. They then would have to decide what that change will be. No matter who is in control they will still be faced with feeding millions in a nation with little resources and a growing unhappy population.
Instead of applauding the new government, if it happens I think it will be bloody, try to decide what anyone can do to make Egypt better.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
TheIndependenceParty
Cranky yankee and a rehabilitated ex-Republican
12:08 PM on 01/29/2011
I wonder if such paternalistic views abounded in London in 1776? How could America possibly govern itself without the guidance of parliament and a monarch? Not every revolution ends as ours did in America, ... but they all seem to begin the same way, ... the imposition of autocratic rule, ... and the pilfering of assets from the governed to the benefit of those in the top echelons of society.

It is a roll of the dice, ... but the dice belong to the Egyptian People, and not American Politicians. They handed Mubarak billions of dollars, decade after decade, and turned a blind eye to where he used and put that money. We are to blame along with the President of Egypt.
photo
HUFFPOST BLOGGER
messy
artist, writer, adventurer
11:48 AM on 01/30/2011
Hell yeah!!!! Lord North and his crew did indeed feel that way.

No one ever said that the dice belonged to anyone else.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
02:57 PM on 01/28/2011
Stability and hunger are more important to people then authoritarian government or even so-called Western Democracy.

The corporate mass-media, again, misses the root causes for these riots, the fact that Federal Reserve Chairman, Ben Bernanke is imposing this insane and dangerous policy of QE.

QE (quantative easing), is a deliberate abuse and debasement of the world's reserve currency and because the 'dollar' is the world's reserve currency, it's the equivalence of a direct assault on the curency used by Egypt, who use it for food and transportation.

Again, we fall into this trap of 'laughing' at these countries, who appear on tv as backwards and hopeless, but if the Zimbabwe 'dollar' were the world's currency and it called its MASSIVE printing: QE 1,2,3,4 (quantative easing), the United States would already be experiencing riots before Egypt.

Therefore, it's important to understand why these riots are happening, in Egypt, Tunisia, Ireland and Greece, for if we listen to the very bankers who caused the crisis then we end up blaming the people, their culture, etc.

Like the decline of the Roman Empire, or even the world's dominant power of their time, Egypt, went into decline, so did the territories and people surrounding suffer in decline too.

The next step after these riots, is for nations to begin rejecting wholesale, the US 'dollar' in the form of trading without it or bartering for one product for the other.

QE is another bail out strategy for the banks and it's not working.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
dottyeb
11:47 AM on 01/29/2011
Interesting. Thanks for your insight. I am aware of QE, but I have not equated it to the world economy. Something for me to research a little more extensively. The political and economic complexity of our world is mind boggling.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
02:56 PM on 01/28/2011
"Israel’s Knesset, expressed support on Wednesday for Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, according to Israel's daily The Jerusalem Post."

http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/israeli-knesset-member-expresses-support-mubarak
03:08 PM on 01/28/2011
That will be the kiss of death for what little is left of Mubarak's credibility in Egypt.
photo
HUFFPOST BLOGGER
messy
artist, writer, adventurer
11:50 AM on 01/30/2011
One single MK. That's it. Avi is lying as always by saying the entire Knesset did that.
08:07 PM on 01/28/2011
What does that say about the Knesset's feelings for the Egyptian people?
photo
HUFFPOST BLOGGER
messy
artist, writer, adventurer
11:52 AM on 01/30/2011
Absolutely NOTHING Binyamin Ben-Eliezer is one man, and he's now supporting the people against Mubarak.