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Alex Nowrasteh

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Immigrants Help Fuel Tech Growth

Posted: 01/19/12 03:41 PM ET

People are the most valuable resource. We see this most clearly among entrepreneurs, scientists, engineers, and innovators. Creating wealth and new ways of doing things drive economic growth. This is especially true in the technology sector. Encouraged by free markets, individual liberty, and the right incentives, innovators can achieve technological wonders. But unfortunately, our immigration system limits their number.

Nowhere is the positive impact of immigrants more noticeable than in high tech startups. According to a survey by the National Foundation for American Policy, immigrants have started nearly half of the top 50 venture-funded companies. Software, semiconductors, and biotechnology are the most common venture-backed startup firms started by immigrants. According to another report by Vivek Wadhwa, roughly 25 percent of all engineering firms founded between 1995 and 2005 were founded by immigrants.

A report from the Kauffman Foundation shows that immigrants are more than twice as likely as native-born Americans to start firms. Thanks to America's entrepreneurial culture, stories like those of the Hungarian-born Andy Grove, who founded Intel, and the Soviet-born Sergey Brin, who founded Google, are common.

There are many thousands more who create successful but smaller companies. Entrepreneur Andres Ruzo, who describes himself as "Peruvian by birth, Texan by choice," started the telecommunications firm Link America in 1994. He is also working on ITS Infocom, which manages communication networks for large companies. His firms also expanded into Latin America by trying to, in Ruzo's own words, "Americanize South and Central America: to bring the culture of performance and results and speed and punctuality and quality and reliability to Latin America."

With rare exceptions, immigrant entrepreneurs face immigration problems. Employment-based green cards, capped at 140,000 a year, are issued to some kinds of skilled workers and investors, under strict country of origin quotas and burdensome requirements. The H-1B visa is capped at 85,000 per year for temporary workers employed by American firms. Many times H-1B workers are issued a green card after several years. All the while, the worker has to be an employee, not an entrepreneur.

Roughly a quarter of master's students and a third of Ph.D. students in science and engineering at U.S. universities are foreign-born. Yet the amount of paperwork, bureaucracy, and requirements they face to stay in the U.S. after graduation throw up serious roadblocks to innovation and entrepreneurship. Innovators and entrepreneurs should spend their time starting new businesses, not navigating a byzantine and outdated immigration system.

America is uniquely meritocratic. We attract the best and the brightest from around the world, but our immigration system gets in the way. The government expects a potential entrepreneur to prove that he or she is an entrepreneur before he or she can start a business. There is no stamp or marking that shows who will be a successful entrepreneur ex ante. Only experience, not government fiat, can determine that. Our immigration rules need to allow for those experiences.

Many immigrant workers innovate within American firms, filling niche specialty roles. Many are graduates of the best universities and technical schools in the world. Jim Clark, the American founder of Healtheon (now WebMD), Netscape (now part of AOL), and Silicon Graphic affectionately calls his Indian engineers "the most talented engineers in the Valley... and they work their butts off." American-educated Indian engineer Srikanth Nadhamuni and others produced some of the most innovative websites and medical cost saving tools yet developed. His story is multiplied thousands of times over, but for every success that is realized, our immigration laws impede another through arduous bureaucratic barriers.

Chia-Pin Chang, a Taiwanese native and Ph.D. in computer engineering from George Washington University, co-founded the medical device firm OptoBioSense. In addition to the burdensome government regulations on medical devices, Chang faces yet another obstacle: He has to close his business in February and move back to Taiwan if he cannot secure an employer-sponsored green card.

Iranian-born Esmaeil-Hooman Banaei created an electricity generating fabric while getting his Ph.D. from the University of Central Florida. Now he is waiting for a green card and a legal chance to pursue the American dream while developing new technology. His invention may flop or it may produce benefits, profits, revenues, and opportunities for Americans. But we'll never know if he doesn't get a green card.

Immigration links together the world's most valuable resources, allowing immigrant and Americans to work together. The immigrants then become Americans and the process continues, replenishing America's talent pool.

The government cannot choose who will become an innovator or entrepreneur before they get an opportunity to do so. Immigration regulatory limbo ties the hands of hundreds of thousands of potential entrepreneurs and innovators. Those knots should be undone. Immigrants and Americans working together have produced enormous wealth and opportunities for everybody in the United States. Governments just needs to let them.

 

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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
UberdanSounds
I make music(al), funnies.
06:20 PM on 01/25/2012
Regardless of what you may think about this article, everyone knows that the Immigration System is a complete mess. If we do not get it reformed soon, things will continue as "status quo".
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Jerry Bourbon
02:40 PM on 01/24/2012
What's needed are MORE techies and FEWER gardeners and Mara Salvatruchas.

So, let's reform our H1B system to make it easier to bring in desirable legal immigrants, while going full out to get rid of all the illegal aliens and the traitors who hire them.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
becky bradshaw
"In a time of universal deceit, telling the truth
10:51 AM on 01/20/2012
Mr. Nowrasteh and his Competitive Enterprise Institute is a policy advocate group (lobbyist), whose agenda is a more unlimited immigration, especially concerning additional H1B visas from Asia (see his paper "H-1B Visas: A Case for Open Immigration of Highly Skilled Foreign Workers") .

Harvard's Business School looked at the issue, from an objective viewpoint. "the research seemed to rule out the idea that the H-1B program was stealing jobs from born-and-bred Americans. But it also ruled out the opposing idea that the program created a huge number of jobs for Americans."
(http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/6765.html)

In a market as competitive as the one now found in the U.S., where scientists and engineers have almost the same rate of unemployment as the general population (9%), there can be an impact of depressing wages, thus enabling subtle age discrimination by employers.

"Sophisticated critics of the H1-B program have argued that high-tech firms use the program as a means to keep their workers young and costs lower. There's no question that when you look across industries, the ones that are very immigration-dependent also have an average younger age than other industries." Steve Kerr, Associate Professor in the Entrepreneurial Management unit at Harvard Business School, "The Supply Side of Innovation: H-1B Visa Reforms and US Ethnic Invention", http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/6097.html
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05:01 PM on 01/21/2012
Do you have a source for your engineer and scientist unemployment rate? I find it hard to believe considering that the unemployment rate for all college graduates is only about 4%? http://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.t04.htm
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
becky bradshaw
"In a time of universal deceit, telling the truth
10:06 AM on 01/20/2012
Per an article on PRNewswire: "Prior to the recession, the National Science Foundation estimated that there were between 4.3 million and 5.8 million STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) jobs in the U.S. for some 16.6 million workers with degrees in those fields. As a result, nearly two-thirds of native-born workers with degrees in science and engineering are working in careers outside their field of training."

Hire and good Americans lately?

http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/immigration-and-guest-worker-policies-undermining-us-tech-workers-finds-new-report-from-fair-133835948.html
09:55 AM on 01/20/2012
Blame it on blackmail to pass the DREAM Act and “Comprehensive Immigration Reform”. It has been a nightmare to Foreign Students who wish to remain in the USA after they finish their studies. Typically the best and brightest Foreign Students would move from a Student Visa to an H-1B Visa after graduation. But in 2007 the Pelosi/Reid Congress reduced the number of H-1B Visas available significantly by refusing to pass legislation to renew the H-1B Program expansion when it expired. They supposedly used this tactic as blackmail to try and force “Comprehensive Immigration Reform” and the DREAM Act.

Now our government seems to be refusing to enforce our immigration laws against students because someday the DREAM Act may pass. There have been several instances in the news lately of Illegal Immigrant Students apprehended during the commission of a crime yet allowed to remain in the USA pending completion of their studies. Yet Pelosi and Reid had no problem refusing to extend the expansion of opportunities for tens of thousands of American educated Foreign Students who came here legally and could be enriching this country now, but cannot stay because of the reduction in visas. That makes no sense – give those who broke the law a free pass while denying opportunity to young folks who followed the law and paid their own way.

Now along comes this author lamenting the fact that highly educated Foreign Students cannot stay in the USA. Where was he in 2007?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
becky bradshaw
"In a time of universal deceit, telling the truth
08:53 AM on 01/20/2012
"The research seemed to rule out the idea that the H-1B program was stealing jobs from born-and-bred Americans. But it also ruled out the opposing idea that the program created a huge number of jobs for Americans."

"Sophisticated critics of the H1-B program have argued that high-tech firms use the program as a means to keep their workers young and costs lower," he says. "There's no question that when you look across industries, the ones that are very immigration-dependent also have an average younger age than other industries."

Reference: (http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/6765.html)
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
frank day
Obama cares about all of U.S.
07:25 AM on 01/20/2012
Over one million in legal immigration last year.

I call B S.
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rkemani
03:57 AM on 01/20/2012
Believe me I am not anti immigration....am an immigrant myself. But wonder why high tech industry needs immigration to grow . Is it not or can it not be virtual ? Maybe it is the synergies from clusters (e.g.Silicon Valley ) and availability of financing which nurtures it . Any otherthoughts on this ???
03:38 AM on 01/20/2012
Personally I do think people who have both "knowledge and money" should be allowed to stay and immigrate such as foreign students who have advanced degrees in Science & Medicine. Those students usually come from wealthy families with academic knowledge and without criminal background---so why don't let them stay in US and let them open companies in US to create job opportunities. Also, US will gain more inflow of scientific talents which was trained by US itself and US will gain a more superior world leadership in science innovations. More smart people immigrate will also attract their relatives to visit US and it is indirectly attract more tourists to book hotels, making more restaurants reservations, airline tickets reservations and increase the profits of all kinds of retail business in shopping malls. Also, it will uplift the income of the country by inflow of tourist visa fees and from other tourists' expenditure. Moreover, housing market crisis will be eased by inflow of immigrants. More immigrants will add more taxpayers to the country and there is NO need to increase any tax for the existing rich people in the country. So if fixing the broken immigration system and let those graduates to immigrate, national debt will be relieved---so why don't allow them to stay for fixing the worse economy in the country right now?????????
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MSROADKILL612
love auto biographys. any appS to write mine?
03:07 AM on 01/20/2012
hmmm - lets not forget the call is made by an inevitably inep,t & possibly corrupt dc bureaucrat.

definitely at the behest of a 1% house of representatives - for 1 worthy immigrant u get a lot of wage reducers or net losing propositions for the incumbent society

your surname sir - has a "u would say that" ring about it
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Alwayspissedoffatsomeone
Liberalism = Stultification of the Brain
12:03 AM on 01/20/2012
"The government cannot choose who will become an innovator or entrepreneur before they get an opportunity to do so." -- Nowrasteh

Why not? Why not choose the best and brightest before the uneducated?
09:45 PM on 01/19/2012
The problem with Nowrasteh's view as well as the studies he cites (Wadhwa and NFAP) is that they are influenced or funded by industry and the motivation behind them are profit.

In short, his motives aren't pure. Immigration should be about building a stronger nation. We should value American values first and foremost. The Competitive Enterprise Institute is concerned about profits, not national interest and not the intent of the immigrants.

I believe we should support immigration and focus on permanent immigration. Corporations have been immigrant middle-men for too long. Their sponsorship of workers amounts to indentured servitude. The right thing to do is remove Corporations from the process and make immigration an agreement between immigrant and our nation, not immigrant and corporation.

If the Competitive Enterprise Institute said "let's change immigration so that we invite smart people to our country, and get out of the corporate sponsorship business" I would support them. But they aren't saying that. They want it all. They want to continue exploiting immigrants under the H-1b, B-1, and L-1 visas. And they also want to sell citizenship to the highest bidder - via the entrepreneur visa idea being floated around. They want to continue controlling an immigrants ability to change jobs, bargain for better wages, and use the green card as a carrot to keep them working.

Nowrasteh, email me when you have some real ideas. So far, it's just more corporate propaganda.
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doublehappi
10:09 PM on 01/19/2012
Wow, Of all the news articles that float around, half of them are about illegal immigration, Half are about people saying we need more H1b, No one really talks about the the issues you raised. This is by far one of the best comments i have seen on this debate. My hat is off, for the analysis.
HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
JScott
John Galt's last name is McGuffin-Smithee
11:22 AM on 01/20/2012
Yup this is hardly and unbiased post, CEI is a RW/Libertarian think tank........and it opens with their usual half truth meme-People are the most valuable resource. We see this most clearly among entrepreneurs, scientists, engineers, and innovators. Creating wealth and new ways of doing things drive economic growth. This is especially true in the technology sector. Encouraged by free markets, individual liberty, and the right incentives, innovators can achieve technological wonders. But unfortunately, our immigration system limits their number.

Nope just the 'right kind' of people are the valuable resource aka we want them but don't wanna pay and benefit them adequately and to be compliant and don't dare form a union, and markets aren't exactly 'free' oh and the 'right incentive' that's aka 'government help/bailout' entrepreneurs, scientists, engineers, and innovators-sorry it's more like field workers, hotel maid staff, fast food attendents etc.
09:25 PM on 01/19/2012
We've ALREADY been importing tens of millions of these people for 14 years and 28 million US jobs have been DESTROYED since then. Most of these "entrepreneurs" come here and us OUR venture capital $ to start "businesses" that are merely fronts for foreign workers to siphon our capital and send it back to their home countries. That is what caused "the credit crisis" to begin with. If these people are so valuable to our economy then why hasn't importing tens of millions of them for 14 years improved the economy? The economy was booming when Americans were running it. This "article" is just another NASSCOM PR piece. They know their guest worker argument has failed so now they are changing the story yet again to "immigrant entrepreneurs". When will Americans learn they are being propagandized by foreign powers?
09:36 AM on 01/20/2012
Oh, so now it's H-1b immigrants who caused the credit problem, not the govt forcing banks to lend to black people, who defaulted on loans, which caused all the banks to loose (somehow over a hundred times the loaned amount) money across the spectrum and cause them to hesitate lending to each other and to business in general?

Ah, I see, so it was the immigrants all along.
07:35 PM on 01/20/2012
Well there was no credit problem, no unemployment problem, no bank problems, no problems in 1998 before this flood of 3rd world job beggars. CountryWide Lending shipped all its loan application processing to India before it went under. Lehman hired tens of thousands of workers from India. So did Fannie Maw. Google "Fannie Mae logic bomb creator". He's siitting in a Federal pen because he sabotaged FM's computers. Black people are 7% of US population. I don't think they brought down the banks. More likely it's the tens of MILLIONS if H-1Bs who thought they were going to stay here forever and bought a house but then collapsed the companies they worked at and couldn't pay. Or the tens of millions of white Americans who WERE paying their mortgages before their jobs got taken over by immigrants. How do you expect Americans to pay their mortgages when they are thrown out of their jobs? With dirt? These problems never existed before the mass wave of 3rd world wealth siphoners came to the US. NRIs send $45 BILLION a year home from the US. $45 billion a year being sucked out of the US. Not to mention another $75 BILLION being sent home every year by Mexicans. That couldn't possibly have anything to do with the banks being drained, could it?
07:37 PM on 01/20/2012
Our immigration system limits their number? We've been importing a MILLION of these people for the past 14 years. Where are the jobs and innovations? These people come here to take and send it home ASAP, not produce. 14 years of mass immigration has destroyed the US economy. The US economy was BOOMING before these people got here. That's a fact you can't deny.
08:58 PM on 01/19/2012
I used to be anti-immigrantian but I changed my views few years ago after reading the positive impact the immigrants has on our economy. When I see Indians hoteliers, Asian doctors, Hispanics workmen, etc. I now feel thankful and grateful that those people has came and benefit our country. I say to white Americans, it is your laziness and ungratefulness that is causing America to slip in education, science, and industry. Many white college students are partying hard during foreign students are getting on honor rolls. So I say to immigrants, welcome to America, and you deserve the wealth you work hard for.
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Alwayspissedoffatsomeone
Liberalism = Stultification of the Brain
12:04 AM on 01/20/2012
As long as they're legal immigrants, I agree.
HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
JScott
John Galt's last name is McGuffin-Smithee
11:25 AM on 01/20/2012
Yup but it's the RW/Corporate media that makes being on a reality show, a celeb personal assistant, wall st that's made that attractive, not science and math, they'd rather go work on wall st that come up what a successful nuclear fusion method.
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jeffrey678
You don't happen to make it. You make it happen.
08:37 PM on 01/19/2012
Yet US Business seems to find these super high skilled people in third world countries. 1.2 million new visas were granted to business last year. I wonder why they call it the third world ? This is a separate category and not considered Immigratio­n. Is that rain falling on my head or something else?
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doublehappi
09:01 PM on 01/19/2012
The work visas are capped at 85k, not 1.2 million, about 20k more for people with a Phd and another 20 for people with 1mm and who can show that they will create 10 jobs in 3 years.
11:04 AM on 01/20/2012
To be precise, you have a 65,000 cap, an additional 20,000 reserved for those with advanced degrees, and then you have an unlimited number for those exempt from the cap. For example, teachers, professors, and non-profits are usually exempt from the cap.

Go look up the salary of an adjunct professor and see how having no limits in academia has impacted wages. You're better off getting a 4 year degree and teaching first graders than getting an advanced degree and teaching college students - in terms of pay.

At the end of the day, it all boils down to supply and demand. More people willing to do a job amounts to lower pay. If universities were taking that money they saved by hiring lower paid foreign adjunct professors and lowering tuition or improving education I may be warmer to the idea. But tuition is skyrocketing and I don't see marked improvement to education.

The motives for immigration should not be about cheap labor. We need to get out of the temporary staffing business and make immigration truly about immigration - which means a new life in a new country.

And the notion that a white collar worker is more valuable to our nation than a blue collar worker sounds like elitism to me. When it comes to immigration, I care more about your love of democracy and American values than your math and science skills.
09:27 PM on 01/19/2012
There is nothing so permanent as a temporary guest workers. Guest worker "visas" are merely a stealth invasion program in disguise. Once they come here, they NEVER want to leave and begin demanding green cards right away. There is nothing temporary about these programs.
09:39 AM on 01/20/2012
Yeah. The "demand" (a word you use so loosely) is usually in the form of an application form, and they have to wait 6-8 years for that "demand" to be met.