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Alex Nowrasteh

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Could Our Immigration Laws Prevent the Next Google?

Posted: 01/27/2012 2:24 pm

While President Obama's State of the Union address did not focus on immigration, his few statements on that issue sent out conflicting signals. The president pushed for a comprehensive immigration reform plan that includes letting foreign businessmen and entrepreneurs immigrate to the U.S.

It's a great idea, but it's hard to take Obama's commitment to it seriously, since in the same speech he touted his increased enforcement policies -- record deportations up by over 400 percent since 1996, workplace raids, stricter work permit rules, and the deputizing of thousands of local police departments as immigration agents.

If the president is serious about immigration reform, he should be looking for ways to end the failed policies of the past, rather than double up on their increasingly draconian enforcement. And it is especially crucial he do so now. If the president truly wants more business growth and opportunities for Americans, he needs to turn his words into action. Business start-ups have decreased 23 percent over the last five years. We could quickly turn that around by removing immigration barriers for entrepreneurs.

To illustrate what is at stake, consider one famous example. Had the family of Sergey Brin, co-founder of Google, not immigrated to America from the Soviet Union as refugees when he was a child, it is unlikely he would have been able to come to U.S. at all, especially as an entrepreneur. The success of Google -- which has a market capitalization of $184 billion and employs over 32,000 people worldwide -- might never have been had Brin tried to come to America as an adult.

There is only one way Brin could have entered the U.S. as an entrepreneur: the EB-5 immigrant investor visa. (Another route, the E-2 investor visa, is not available to Russian nationals.) The EB-5 program makes 10,000 visas available annually to immigrant investors who invest $1 million in a commercial enterprise ($500,000 in a high-unemployment area) and directly creates at least 10 new jobs, or makes a massive new investment in an existing business.

In reality, Brin and Page solicited investments and cash while graduate students at Stanford. Eventually, they convinced Andy Bechtolsheim, a Jewish German immigrant and co-founder of Sun Microsystems, to invest $100,000 in their venture -- nowhere near enough to satisfy the EB-5's capital requirement.

Even if Brin, by some miracle, had been able to develop a workable search engine during the post-Soviet disorder, partner with a Russian version of Larry Page, and find enough investors in a cash-starved former Communist country, he still would not have qualified for the EB-5 investor visa.

The other ways that Brin could have immigrated legally -- though not initially as an entrepreneur -- would be as a priority, professional, skilled, or special immigrant on an employment-based green card, of which only 140,000 are issued annually. However, it is expensive for firms to sponsor immigrants with legal and government fees in the thousands of dollars, so this is hardly an ideal option.

Another way would be through the H-1B visa program, a temporary skilled worker program that allows the worker to apply for an employment-based green card while working in the U.S. But even if Brin had been able to get in on an employment-based green card or an H-1B visa, he would have had to work as an employee for several years before getting the chance to start Google.

Brin is a creative and ambitious innovator, so he may have entered on one of these other visas and created Google, but the odds are low. If our immigration laws have prevented the creation of even one other Google, they are even worse than most economists think. But it's not just potential large businesses that aren't created because immigration laws make life difficult for entrepreneurs. Many potential small businesses are also nipped in the bud.

New firms and startups are the source of most of America's productivity growth. They innovate, find market niches, and divide production into new and profitable combinations. Not all grow to be as large or innovative as Google, but they all make their own significant contributions to our economy. All the government needs to do is let them.

Federal immigration bureaucrats don't have a crystal ball that can tell them who will make a successful entrepreneur. Yet our laws pretend they can do so. Soviet central planners, whom Brin's family sought to escape, tried to predict demand for goods and services with catastrophic consequences. American immigration officials shouldn't harbor the same conceit. It's time to end this charade.

People become entrepreneurs when they choose to take that risk and strike out on their own. As to who might do so and when we can only guess. But three things don't require guessing: 1. Immigrants across the skills spectrum are very entrepreneurial; 2. American capitalism and native-born entrepreneurs want to work with immigrants to create wealth; and, 3. Our immigration laws need to get out of their way.

 

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01:41 PM on 01/31/2012
The most important thing is to flood the US labor force with workers at all skill levels.

Our goal should be a ever smaller pay check to a ever poorer workforce. Thank goodness we are allowing well skilled professionals to flood our country while increasing the student debt of the domestic population. The last thing we need are people like nurses thinking they can live in the middle class...and while we're at it, let's get rid of the middle class too.

And face it. No American would ever have created a Google. If Brin had died, OMG! Only immigrants can be innovative.
01:40 PM on 01/30/2012
Immigrants have the drive and lack of fear that US citizens have lost, cowering behind insurance rackets and lawyers' schemes to avoid risk. This is the land of the brave, but said brave ain't coming from inside. The brave are imported. If they make it, it is glory for this country. If they don't make it, they are driven out again as useless, toxic waste.
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09:07 AM on 01/30/2012
No need to worry so, Alex. It is far more likely that we will all be annihilated by a strike from an errant meteor assuming some genetically engineered pathogen doesn't escape from a lab and take humanity down before the global warming resulting from increased carbon dioxide levels produced by those unregulated Chinese coal fired plants and the 2012 solar storms boil the oceans and fry us all. Alternately, the Obama tax hikes on the rich will likely drive all those foriegn born greedy capitalist innovators to India.
11:26 PM on 01/29/2012
If, if, if.
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Stan Sorscher
08:54 PM on 01/29/2012
The premise of this column is somewhere between ridiculous and insulting.

If Mr. Nowrasteh really believes Americans fall short as entrepreneurs, then perhaps he would support programs for our recent immigrants to make sure they don't fall into that rat-hole with the existing population. If his premise is correct, then immigrants will lose their competitive edge as they assimilate. Quelle horreur!
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voyager48
Illegitimi Non Carborundum
10:21 AM on 01/30/2012
F&F
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Alitoo
07:52 PM on 01/29/2012
Oh, brother. Brin's family came here legally as refugees and that means what--that we should increase legal immigration? Legalize illegal aliens? Offer more visas for people who get college degrees? All of these are non sequitors. We already admit 1.1 million legal immigrants each year. If anything, Brin's situation would be an argument to tighten the requirements that we use for admission. The primary means now to come is sponsorship by a US citizen family member and many of these relatives turn out to be unskilled uneducated workers as well.
01:59 PM on 01/29/2012
The article addresses LEGAL immigration the problem lies in the illegal aliens who have such utter contempt for our country and our laws that they break them without regard for the consequences to our nation. Stolen jobs, destroyed school systems, bankrupted welfare programs, and devastated neighborhoods. They cost our nation more than the wars in Middle East. FBI statistics confirm that for each soldier lost in the war 10 Americans were killed on our soil by illegal aliens. That is the cost we are and have been paying our failure to properly control our borders
06:12 PM on 01/28/2012
Of course, what is amazing is that most of the very successful American companies were founded by Americans before the H-1B. Perot Systems, Microsoft, Oracle, Sun, I can go on and on. If these companies were being founded today, those talented and innovative Americans would not have been able to get jobs, since they would be turned down by the H-1B dominated HR departments.
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Scott Leland
11:44 AM on 01/30/2012
Yes, it has been my experience that immigrant-run companies prefer to hire their own countrymen rather than Americans.
06:06 PM on 01/28/2012
There were no H-1Bs until 1995. Before that, how did we survive? NO H-1Bs, in a howling wilderness... In point of fact, the H-1b is generally a low-talent job thief. We need to end this terrible program, which has put hundreds of thousands of Americans out of work
06:00 PM on 02/06/2012
Yes I am an engineer & I've bee nl;aid off 3 times directoly because of h1-B visa recipients a
nd another 4 times indirectly due to h1-B visa recipients , This is corporate welfare for the banks and hi-tech companies that lobby ( bribe ) politicians for for the cheaper labor
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Robert SF
02:44 PM on 01/28/2012
"Had the family of Sergey Brin, co-founder of Google, not immigrated to America from the Soviet Union as refugees when he was a child, it is unlikely he would have been able to come to U.S. at all . . ."
===

Yes, in which case someone else would have launched the dominant search engine. It's not as if Brin invented the search engine. And we had a dominant search engine before Google, you know, so the idea that there wouldn't be a dominant search engine had Brin not immigrated to the US is false.

One could argue that Brin could have emmigrated to another country instead and founded the dominant engine there, but that's unlikely. There's a lot more to the US than its immigration policies. For all that righwingers are never satisfied, most of the rest of the world doesn't offer the fertile business environment the US does. Besides, most other countries have much, much stricter immigration laws than we do.

But suppose we had lost Google. It's time to examine just how much companies like Google benefit the economy. In 2010, Google and McDonald's had about the same revenue. However, McDonald's employed 400,000 people while Google employed only about 20,000.You would need 40 Googles today to employ a million people, and we have 15 million unemployed.

We'd need 200 companies the size of Google just to bring our unemployment down to 5%. That's not going to happen no matter how many immigrants we let in.
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Scott Leland
11:47 AM on 01/30/2012
Thank you for backing-up your comparison with the facts. There are 40 million "legal permanent residents" working in our country. If they are so great at starting innovative companies there should be hundreds-of-thousands of them employing millions of Americans rather than the usual three that are used as examples of how great immigration is for the U.S. economy.
09:58 AM on 01/28/2012
This guy has a real America inferiority complex. Why does he think Americans aren't capable of doing these things? Why do columnists insist that Americans are so helpless that they need foreigners to start businesses, work as engineers, etc.

When did America develop this inferiority complex???
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becky bradshaw
"In a time of universal deceit, telling the truth
12:04 PM on 01/28/2012
It's not really about inferiority. It's about compensation.

According to the National Science Foundation, more than 10 million native born American technologists, engineers and scientists, work in in non-tech jobs (taxi drivers, Walmart, etc.).

http://www­.prnewswir­e.com/news­-releases/­immigratio­n-and-gues­t-worker-p­olicies-un­dermining-­us-tech-wo­rkers-find­s-new-repo­rt-from-fa­ir-1338359­48.html
12:09 AM on 01/29/2012
To the businesses, it's about compensation.

This columnist (and so many others) sounds like he's got an inferiority complex though. He writes as though Americans can't do these things. We both know that they can.

Bashing Americans is a crappy way to justify this agenda. And his implication that Americans can't do tech is just that: bashing Americans.
10:28 AM on 01/30/2012
In comparison to times past, we HAVE failed. The light bulb, electricity, air conditioning, automatic transmissions, refrigerators, air bags, even the lowly vacuum cleaner was invented in the US, and the list goes on and on. What strikingly new idea have we invented lately ? Our applications for Patent's has never been lower, and that is proof enough that we have indeed lost our edge. Even NASA, that was never given enough credit for their inventions, has hit hard times. Because we have exported our manufacturing to low wage countries the need for home based engineers and scientist's and skilled workers doesn't seem to be that important to our industrial 'leaders' anymore. Manufacturing always requires new thinking to deal with problems that constantly arise in the production of 'stuff'. That's when innovation and development begins because there's a NEED for more advanced ideas to get past the problems in production. Produce nothing, no problems to solve. Most new developments and new ideas don't begin in the US anymore. Science and engineering graduates in China outnumber ours on a ratio of 30 to 1. Soon they won't need to copy western 'stuff' because they will develop their own innovative products for world markets. Are we ready for that ?. I don't think so.
09:54 AM on 01/28/2012
"Federal immigration bureaucrats don't have a crystal ball that can tell them who will make a successful entrepreneur. "

Yet American columnists somehow do. How is it that they seem to think that only immigrants are capable of starting businesses? What about Americans who decide not to start a business because there are already several in that field? Columnists never seem to believe that Americans are capable of doing these things. Americans are displaced from these fields of work and business by immigrants.

How many Googles haven't been started due to excessive immigration? How many Americans have left or never entered STEM fields of work due to excessive competition for jobs caused by too high immigration levels?
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Alitoo
07:52 PM on 01/29/2012
You might also note that since many immigrants are from minority groups, they get an advantage in getting loans and government set asides. The Washington Post recently had an article about an Indian immigrants who built a fortune on such contracts.
10:53 AM on 01/30/2012
The simple fact is we DON'T graduate enough engineers and scientists, and we have no nationally recognised apprenticeship programs for the skilled workers need in modern production plants. Most European countries have for decades recognised that certain demanding jobs in industry REQUIRES highly trained and skilled people to manufacture and assemble the precision equipment needed to manufacture most of the things we buy. Even robots are assembled and programmed, not by other robots, but by skilled PEOPLE. Most European and Asian countries have recognised apprenticeship programs that doesn't exist in the US at any level. Germany, Italy, France, England and all the rest have long ago realized that highly skilled 'blue collar' workers are ESSENTIAL in manufacturing, and we used to have the same skill levels and apprenticeship programs in the US when our unions were active in manufacturing. We lost our machine tool industry to foreign competition and one of the main reasons was that the high precision knowledge and skills were lost as unions were decimated and eliminated along with their apprenticeship programs. Most industrial skills require much more than a two week training program, and the typical apprenticeship in Europe and Asia requires from 3 to 4 years of training in order to aquire the skill and discipline to do the job. Even in the US today, a good Tool and Die Maker or Machine Tool expert can demand a salary of $70,000 and get many offers. Problem is, we don't have people with those skills anymore.
08:38 AM on 01/28/2012
Sheeze, gushing over all the great things immigrants do with little thought of what it means to average US workers. Has it ever made sense to let in large numbers of immigrants to compete for jobs and resources during a period of high unemployment and budget crisis? Actually, lower immigration, BOTH legal and illegal, would greatly help the entire country except employers. When you consider employment, education and health costs, use of govt services, terrorism, disease, language issues, population congestion, etc. how can you come to any other conclusion?

And concerning the constant claims of employers that US workers lack qualifications, just consider that H-1B, L-1, J-1, OPT workers, etc. come overwhelmingly from the low wage countries (forget well educated but higher wage Japan or Western Europe). Isn't it amazing that these great workers and entrepreneurs can only be found in the low wage countries? Anyone think THAT''s a coincidence?

We should all be soooo skeptical of claims of labor shortage these days!!!
03:07 PM on 01/28/2012
I'd be fascinated to know how you know where H-1B, L-1, J-1 and OPT workers overwhelmingly come from. Do you work the USCIS?
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Alitoo
07:54 PM on 01/29/2012
USCIS publishes figures. And would-be immigrants from these countries themselves have been lobbying for a lifting of the per country caps on green cards since so many of them have to wait years and years to get them, while immigrants from other countries have much shorter waits due to lower numbers.
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Scott Leland
11:52 AM on 01/30/2012
India and China, number 1 & 2. The "Wall Street Journal" regularly publishes articles with the numbers and country of origin.
12:15 AM on 01/28/2012
Despite High Unemployment, U.S. Companies Are Hiring From Overseas At Record Pace

Despite the jobless epidemic, U.S. companies are tripping over themselves to fill high paying job openings with workers from overseas. Companies, lead by Microsoft and IBM, have already maxed out their allotment of 65,000 H-1B visas.

But there are more than 65,000 AMERICAN jobs at stake. The USCIS also received "more than 20,000 H-1B petitions filed on behalf of persons exempt from the cap under the ‘advanced degree’ exemption," it said. In addition, petitions for workers who already have their visas are not counted toward the cap.

U.S. workers have complained that the program allows companies to ignore U.S. workers and import employees willing to work for lower wages.
Critics of the program have also complained that H-1B workers have diminished rights and protections, too. They have charged that such workers cannot leave their employers, for instance. Workers must petition the USCIS to extend their visa, change employers, accept a second back-to-back H-1B position and so on.

As with previous years, Microsoft imports the most overseas talent, followed by IBM and Indian outsourcer Infosys Systems. The top 25 users of H1-B visas come largely from the high tech sector.

http://www.businessinsider.com/despite-high-unemployment-us-companies-have-already-maxed-out-2012-foreign-worker-visas-2011-12#comment-4ee03088eab8ea474800000f
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becky bradshaw
"In a time of universal deceit, telling the truth
08:54 AM on 01/28/2012
Is there linkage between IBM and Microsoft's complete lack of innovation the last decade, and the dependence on foreign technologists?

What is the result of turning back the clock on Microsoft by one decade? Progress.
11:32 AM on 01/30/2012
We can NEVER bring back manufacturing to this country unless we train and produce the very highly skilled 'blue collar' workers that are an essential part of manufacturing in the US. To believe than any gob-shite can operate and program and maintain a highly complex piece of production machinery is lunacy. Contrary to popular belief, 'robots' CAN'T do everything. They have to be programmed, 'trained' and repaired by highly skilled PEOPLE, and we don't have enough of those available. Today, most jobs in manufacturing require more than a two week 'on the job' training program. We appear to dwell only on the 'high tech' I-T end of the spectrum of skills and forget about the real shortage of skilled technicians and 'field engineers' that get paid over a $100,000 a year to go out to plants all over the country to put broken down production machinery back to work. Technicians with the mechanical, electronic, hydraulic, pneumatic and electrical skills needed to do that are extremely hard to find, and US companies are constantly recruiting people from overseas that possess those skills. A broken down million dollar machine investment is no more than a useless piece of junk if it can't produce, and 99.9% of complex production equipment can't do more than offer a guess as to why they are off-line. Special skills are needed to troubleshoot and repair them, and there are too few people that have the skills to do that.
11:58 PM on 01/27/2012
Hindi-only meetings and mass firings of experienced U.S. workers for cheaper foreign labor just as tech job demands grow. It's an old story: Skilled IT workers in the United States are fired and replaced with low-paid overseas employees and holders of H-1B visas. That happened recently at Molina Healthcare, a company that has scored $9 billion of Medicare and Medicaid contracts in the last three years.
But the story of Molina is a bit different than the usual outsourcing horror stories we hear all too often. Workers at Molina are fighting back with a lawsuit alleging that the company and its employment contractor have discriminated again them because they are not from India and fired them after creating a hostile work environment by holding meetings in Hindi with no translators present, leaving English speakers bewildered and isolated. Also according to the complaint, they required U.S. workers to take work home on U.S. holidays but did not ask Indian workers to do the same on Indian holidays.
08:48 PM on 01/28/2012
If an American Company held meetings as you said the Media would be all over them as would the Feds. Why is it okay to allow foreign owned companies to act in a racial manner