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Alfie Kohn

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"But I Need to Assign Homework! Look at All I Have to Cover!"

Posted: 03/ 3/11 07:46 PM ET

A parent wrote me today to express her frustration not only with homework but with the response she hears from teachers when she complains about homework. Even those teachers who are sufficiently knowledgeable and brave to admit that research fails to show any meaningful benefit from making kids do homework -- particularly in elementary school -- tend to insist that pressure to cover an absurd number of topics prescribed by the state standards means they just can't get through it all during the day. Hence the apparent need for homework.

Here are four responses to this claim:

1. Lengthy lists of specific standards and benchmarks for each grade level and in each subject can be just as damaging to learning as the tests used to enforce them. Yet many teachers -- even at the high school level, and certainly below it -- find a way to teach the required material without pushing the burden onto families and making kids work a second shift at home.

2. The best teachers go a step further: Rather than focusing on how to cover a "bunch o' facts" more efficiently, they see their job as helping students to discover ideas. These are the teachers who really succeed at helping kids to become critical thinkers and excited learners. And, as a rule, these teachers are even less likely to assign homework.

3. Just because the practice of assigning homework seduces some teachers with its promise to make-up the gaps in what they're able to get through during the day, that doesn't mean students will actually learn what they're made to do at home on their own. Even supporters of homework generally justify it as a way to have kids practice skills they were taught during the day, not as a way for them to teach themselves new material!

4. In any case, the disadvantages of homework -- frustration, exhaustion, family battles, loss of time for kids to pursue other interests, diminution of interest in learning -- far outweigh any theoretical gain in curriculum coverage.

 

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SF TKF
Cthulhu thinks you'd make a nice sandwich.
11:42 AM on 03/07/2011
The most important reason to assign homework is that students MUST know how to manage such a workload in order to succeed at university (where “homework” is the bulk of what you do).
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LearnMe
Native NY-er, father of 2, husband to 1. I teach
11:13 AM on 03/07/2011
Let’s start with the math. Forget about preschool, forget about college, kids are looking at about 1300 hours (180 X 7) of school a year for thirteen years, that’s about 17,000 hours; throw in, conservatively, another 3,000 hours for homework. We’re talking about 20,000 hours, double Malcolm Gladwell’s 10,000 Hour Rule. For what?
Don’t we want to teach the concept of opportunity cost? With all that time invested, shouldn’t our children be experts in something other than getting into college? http://learnmeproject.com/2010/11/19/the-thrill-is-gone/
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docbets
04:28 AM on 03/07/2011
Hip-hip-hooray for Alfie Kohn. He is the voice of reason in a crazy school system. My family was nearly brought to its knees by the homework requirements. Our daughter worked from the time she came home from school to past her bedtime, with a brief break for supper. She is bright but had some trouble with processing speed. Homework was deadly to her health, and by the end of eighth grade, we withdrew her from school. No more, I said. You do not have to do this.

She is a better thinker and problem solver than most of the people who vote in this country, and learns what she wants and needs to as she moves into adulthood. Not everyone is as diligent as she, but that personal trait was encouraged so much that she was unable to know when to stop. On the occasions she did draw a line, she received criticism and bad grades.

I had many complaints about school when I was a student. As a mother I hated school many times more.
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Michael Morrison
Proud Dad, Engineer, Aspring Geophysicist
01:05 AM on 03/07/2011
My mother, a 5th grade teacher, used to complain that American education is a mile wide and an inch deep, meaning that she was required to give lip service to so many subjects that she had little time to help the children master any of them.

I believe it would be better for schools to focus on true mastery, application, and understanding of a small number of topics.

Better that children enter adulthood be proficient at a few things than incompetent at many.
10:04 PM on 03/06/2011
i think that homework can be beneficial for many students when studying a subject. especially in areas such as math and science where practice of skills strengthen understanding and performance. i believe that homework is most beneficial though, when the assignments are discussed in class and problems that students have difficulties with are worked through and the assignments are graded by completion, not correctness. this is not the same for essays or other projects though, only for daily assignments. for myself, math has always been a challenge, but in the classes where homework was handled as mentioned above, my achievement in the class was better than in those math classes in which homework was graded problem by problem and not discussed. i am much more interested in understanding whatever subject i am studying than completing daily assignments, and so i believe whatever assignments are given to the student should be structured around helping them understand the subject.
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docbets
04:29 AM on 03/07/2011
I used to insist to the teachers that is is unnecessary to practice math problems more than a few times. If the student is doing it right, there is no need. If doing it wrong, then s/he is just practicing doing it wrong.

They looked at me so dumbly I could hardly bear it.
09:06 AM on 03/07/2011
That makes total sense. When someone is coaching a basketball team, the usual process is to make team members shoot fouls shots in practice. Once they sink one foul shot, the coach always tells them, "That's it. You've mastered foul shooting and you don't ever need to practice them ever again."

That's sarcasm.
08:16 PM on 03/06/2011
I do believe that in general, homework is a high-effort, low-yield activity. That's why my third grade students have a few minutes of math, however much reading their parents want them to do, and then sometimes a social studies activity. And most of my students' parents are grateful that their children aren't hostage to hours of extra work.

Homework must be just as targeted, purposeful, and meaningful as anything else I do in my classroom. Whether in my classroom or or out of my school, no one has a right to waste a moment in any child's life. That's why we work hard at school and have meaningful practice after school.

Homework has a place, even for elementary students. For most of the learners, it's the first time that anyone has asked them to take any responsibility for their learning, and the basic skill of managing time is important. But it's important that teachers imagine themselves in their students' place, and that they are realistic about what they expect their learners to accomplish on their own.
08:33 PM on 03/05/2011
I've seen the homework argument work both ways in schools today. Working in a middle school, I see students who are typical learners spend 1 to 2 hours on homework for the purpose of reinforcing skills, finishing class work, or completing fun and interesting projects. However, there are a percentage of students who struggle along with their parents, spending upwards of 4+ hours on homework, with arguing, breaks, tears, and frustration. I think it's important to note that a middle school/team philosophy would look at struggling students and reduce or modify their homework to reflect their needs.

Homework isn't just homework. A teacher has to look at the grade level or grouping, the needs of the student, and the purpose of the homework. To imply that homework assignments are simply a reflection of meeting state standards at home, because a teacher ran out of time in the class room, is absurd.
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Larry Strauss
12:01 AM on 03/05/2011
Where is the evidence to support your contention that teachers assign homework to compensate for insufficient teaching? I assign homework to help my students overcome poverty -- because what is oppressive for my students is NOT assigning homework.

I don't know about elementary school, but the high school students I teach--who live in South Central Los Angeles--read six to eight novels in a school year in my class and write one to two academic essays per week. No parent has ever complained to me -- not in almost twenty years -- because those parents who are around and involved in their children's education appreciate the extra work I do to get students to do the extra work so that they can not only be ready for college but be AS READY as those middle class and affluent students whose parents because of their own level of education can supplement their eduction just by having a conversation with them (only a few of my students have parents who can do that). My former students regularly write to me and some of my colleagues to thank us for making them work so hard. So perhaps your thesis is a sound one for privileged children but I would not extend it to the inner city -- I think you ought to qualify that.
07:32 PM on 03/04/2011
Withing five years of teaching I realized that homework was more of a hindrance than help. I saw children stressing out because they forgot to write an assignment down, didn't have time to complete it because of other obligations, and forgetting the assignment or materials. I also grew weary of complaints of how homework interfered with family life causing many arguments. I realized that it was my responsibility to teach the children, not their parents. If they needed to do something, then it needed to get done in school, and I now don't move on from a concept until the children understand it.

I have come to realize that its my responsibility to create intrinsically motivated learners. What this means for me, is helping my students love reading &/or writing so much that they WANT to do it for fun at home. The same is true for any activities I plan in the classroom, encouraging the children to 'try this at home'. What I have found is that my students enjoy coming to school and are excited about their day as well as voluntarily doing more at home. Now that's a reward!
11:31 PM on 03/04/2011
I agree 100%. Well put!
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docbets
04:32 AM on 03/07/2011
Thank you. I noticed early on that children enter school highly motivated, and by the end of elementary school, many have little interest anymore.

School is apparently unrewarding for many.
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04:04 PM on 03/04/2011
I do not give homeowrk to cover new material...I give it in order that the students get an adequate enough drill for any given concept. I spend class time instructing. Do your work or don't do it, but practice is what sharpens skills.
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tultican
Thomas Ultican, MEd. BS Mecahnical Engineering
03:49 PM on 03/04/2011
What is Huffingtonpost doing publishing someone like Alfie Kohn, when we could have Bill Gates teaches how education should be done?

Alfie Kohn is a personal hero of mine and I hope we see more from this brilliant insightful voice on education and less of people like PBS man and other enemies of good teaching. Let's beat back the voices of "longer, stronger and meaner" education reform with a voice of reason and humanity.
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docbets
04:33 AM on 03/07/2011
Yes, and we can do without positive reinforcement and all that rot that goes with it.
02:43 PM on 03/04/2011
Why is it that when our children learn to play an instrument or play a sport, we don't complain about the hours and hours of practice they have to put into it, and yet when it comes to our children learning to read and write and do math or science, homework is seen as an unnecessary "evil"?

When I taught Kindergarten to mostly English Language Learners, homework was done EVERY night. Students would practice and reinforce what they had learned in school that day. By the end of the year, every child was able to write and read and do some math, albeit at different levels.

Students and parents saw first-hand how their hard work paid off. We learned to work hard and play hard throughout the year. By year's end, most of my students were reading and writing, at or above grade level. Some of them even eventually got into "gifted" classes.

We did some of the "boring" stuff AFTER school, so that we could practice speaking and listening and reading in English through "playing" (socializing), singing, and reading and writing together during school. Most of my students DID NOT go home at 3PM. Why? Their parents had to work, so they had to go to after-school programs, where high school students would help them with their homework.

I understand this would not work for everyone, but it did for my students.

Bashing ALL homework is simply not the answer. It's not ALWAYS meaningless...
12:46 PM on 03/04/2011
If homework is being assigned, it should be pertanent to what is going on in class. So many times during my elementary and secondary education I often wondered to myself how the homework I was doing was actually helping me. We often had to do worksheets and other "busy work" that I felt was pointless. Now I'm working on my BA in Gender Studies and while I still have homework I can see how it's benefiting me and adding to my understanding of a given subject.
12:19 PM on 03/04/2011
Teaching by going down through lists of individual standards and benchmarks is nonsense. Those are for measuring, not for teaching. Do we teach toddlers to speak by teaching them the individual rules of grammar? Heck, no. We teach them by talking to them and listening to them, and repeating what they say with proper grammar if necessary. Does that mean there's something wrong with tests based on individual benchmarks? No. We can talk to a toddler and see whether he or she is using pronouns properly, how long his or her sentences are, etc., to get a progress measure. They are 2 different things.

I do understand that it might be challenging to an under-skilled teacher to get through required material. That's a training issue, and homework isn't going to fix it. We know homework is useless -- let's just drop it. Let parents enrich their children's lives in the evenings by playing board games, riding bikes, talking, teaching them to play musical instruments, cooking together, whatever. Let's see -- family bike ride or yet another worksheet? Hmmmmm....
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04:09 PM on 03/04/2011
you are presuming that there is no place for drill, and that dog don't hunt... foreign language (like our beloved Latin) requires repetition, and drill, changing verbs from sg to pl, manipulating tenses, recognition of cases, etc...a lot of this is done as homework, which we then go over to see where the students are making their mistakes, and then we correct them...it isn't radical, but it does work. I would say that those who do the formative drills have a much better grasp of the material than those that do not.
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Larry Strauss
12:07 AM on 03/05/2011
What about students without parents to enrich their lives? What about students whose parents work all night? I understand this anti-homework idea for younger children whose parents can enrich their lives but I live in a city with hundreds of thousands of students who do not live those kinds of lives.
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12:02 PM on 03/04/2011
Just follow what they do in Asia. School begins at 7:30AM and ends at 4:30PM. The longer the school day, they more materials teachers can cover and homework can by cut down in half.

I never really understood why school had to end at 2:30, when an extra 2-3 hours a day could be more beneficial. Sports, music and other extracurricular activities can still be included in a full day worth of classes.
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Steve Nelson
12:44 PM on 03/04/2011
"What they do in Asia" is being systematically rejected by those in Asia who know about learning. Education will inevitably be less effective if we accept this writer's notion that school is primarily about "materials teachers can cover."
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01:24 PM on 03/04/2011
My daugther's elementary school has longer school days on Monday, Tuesday, and Thursday. The school is a charter school in a poor neighborhood. 92% of the kids are on free/reduced lunch and 90%+ of the kids have parents who do not speak english. How does the school do? Well, A school for the last 8 years (the school has operated for 10), around 50% of the kids score advanced on state standarized tests (one year we beat ALL the school, charters and traditional, in the county), the past year was awarded the Blue Ribbon Award for excellence- one out of around 300 in the nation.
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05:36 PM on 03/04/2011
Longer school days means kids have more time to discuss the materials with the teacher and class. Instead of 4-5 hours of homework everynight to force students to learn the materials on their own.

Trust me, the new class materials to required are not enough to be covered in one hour.