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Ali Noorani

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Those Who Put Food on Our Tables Need a New Immigration Process

Posted: 10/01/2012 10:03 am

Yes, politicians can overcome partisanship and unite around something: making New York state the next yogurt capital.

However, that can't happen without a new immigration process. And our political leaders have not been able to break through the logjam of inaction on immigration.

Coupled with an enforcement crackdown by the Obama administration, this inertia is leaving farmers across the country in crisis, with too few hands for the harvest this season.

And cows don't milk themselves. That means New York farmers will need more hands.

Compare the promise of this new industry's ability to grow the economy with the reality of an immigration approach that takes away the necessary legal workforce. Dairies are among the most vulnerable to our enforcement-only approach: No program allows them to hire temporary immigrant workers for jobs that otherwise go unfilled.

"The Department of Homeland Security has been doing the job it was hired to do," says Maureen Torrey of Torrey Farms Inc., a 12th-generation family farm in western New York. "By aggressively conducting I-9 audits, they are taking away our experienced and skilled workforce."

Torrey is concerned that not far away is a place willing to fill in the gaps and reap the economic benefits: Canada. "They have a viable workers program that we in this area lack," she says.

If Democrats and Republicans cannot come together on an immigration strategy, the Empire State will not be able to foster its upstate dairy farmers' dreams for a yogurt cluster economy.

That cluster economy is good for all of upstate New York, not just dairy farmers, because each skilled farmworker sustains about three nonfarm jobs -- someone has to package and deliver the fruits of farmworkers' labor. And with a 13 percent poverty rate, upstate New York could use those additional jobs.

New York is by no means alone. It's a good year for apples in the state of Washington, but with no system in place for highly skilled, experienced immigrant farmworkers, growers are racing against time.

"The skilled labor source that we depend on is rapidly disappearing," says Ralph Broetje, president of Washington's Broetje Orchards, one of the largest privately owned orchards in the country. "Somehow we need to have the courage to show some compassion for them and some respect for their work."

Without enough labor, farms in New York, Washington state and elsewhere have made the difficult decision to switch to crops that machines can pick. Such a decision not only eliminates jobs but also takes money out of the local economy.

And Broetje notes that producers already are moving their operations outside of the U.S., to countries such as Peru and China that have an adequate labor supply and are better for the bottom line. Such outsourcing has serious implications for food security.

Farmers have a hard enough job as it is, with uncertain factors such as the weather or the price of fuel determining whether they can meet their bottom line each year. Add an unpredictable supply of labor, and farmers are downright vulnerable.

Farms can always cut back production, but that won't decrease Americans' demand for fresh, unblemished vegetables and fruits on our tables. Perhaps our friends north or south of our borders will help meet that demand.

That's right: If Congress can't come together on an immigration process that makes sense for agriculture, your holiday dessert might be as Canadian as apple pie.

If we want our apple pie and other produce to remain "made in America," the time to act is now. Congress must stop sitting on its hands while farmers watch crops rot in the field, and the Obama administration must offer solutions -- not just I-9 audits that point the weapons of government enforcement on agricultural employers.

These are solvable problems. We need an immigration process that is responsive to our economic needs. For farmers, that means a stable and skilled agricultural workforce.

In our economy and on our dinner tables, all of us will reap the benefits.

Ali Noorani is the Executive Director of the National Immigration Forum.

 

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Snake1994
Snakebite!
02:15 PM on 10/02/2012
We need an immigration process that is responsive to our economic needs. Yeah, It's called a guest worker visa, not illegal aliens.
04:25 PM on 10/02/2012
A guest worker visa, maybe, but only after revision/reinterpretation of the 14th Amendment to terminate the anchor babies lunacy.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Alitoo
01:41 PM on 10/02/2012
Obama is issuing work permits to 1.7 million illegal alien children, roughly 1/5 of them in California alone. How come these "children" aren't rushing to work on farms?
01:00 PM on 10/02/2012
Did you know that farmers in other countries depend on foreign labor? Europe depends on workers from eastern block countries to harvest horticultural crops. N.Z. has pickers living in tents in the orchard. Farm work is not glamorous no matter what country you examine. How many of you urge your child to become a farmer or farm worker? Many growers pay a living wage - the problem is that the harvest is seasonal - often only 6 - 8 weeks long and farmers are few and far between - the average age is well over 54 - not many people want to move from place to place harvesting fruit or vegetables.
The H-2A program is broken and inflexible - rules make it difficult. Crop size changes based on the size of the fruit or vegetable - get warm weather and more rain - the crop gets bigger, get hail & drought the crop gets smaller - it does not meet grower needs for changes in the number of harvesters needed based on factors beyond the growers control.

I am really tired of all the "experts" who know so much about making a living farming that constantly accuse growers of being greedy corporations who take advantage of everyone. I would like to see you try to make a living growing food. Farmers work very hard and risk everything to produce food for people who take their meals for granted. Think you know everything about food production - well give it a
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Viper1st
multi quasi faceted
12:33 PM on 10/03/2012
So Now? The H2A Visa "guest worker" program is broken?

Just like ~ the U.S. Immigration Program?

You know, the one that allows legal immigrants into the USA, 1 every 38 seconds, 24/7 for the past 11 straight years? 11 million legal immigrants in 11 years

Doesn't appear broken to me ~ unless, you consider "broken" as working too good!
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BlairCase
09:28 AM on 10/02/2012
The H-2A Visa program allows U.S. farmers to bring foreign nationals to the United States to fill temporary agricultural jobs. The progam is underused because farmers have to pay the H-2A workers fair wages and provide humane working conditions. In addition, unlike undocumented workers, H-2A workers can complain when they are cheated out of wages. In Alabama, where new anti-illegal immigration laws have reduced the supply of undoucmented labor, more farmers are turning to the H-2A program.

http://www.uscis.gov/portal/site/uscis/menuitem.eb1d4c2a3e5b9ac89243c6a7543f6d1a/?vgnextoid=889f0b89284a3210VgnVCM100000b92ca60aRCRD&vgnextchannel=889f0b89284a3210VgnVCM100000b92ca60aRCRD
02:36 PM on 10/02/2012
The program is underused not because of the cost to growers - most growers would happily pay those rates. The program is underused because of the bureaucratic rules. Contracts tell workers that the employer cannot fire a worker until he or she has missed 5 consecutive days of work without notification - so someone can live in employer provided housing, miss work from Monday through Friday noon, show up at 1pm and still have a job. Would this encourage you to use the program?
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Viper1st
multi quasi faceted
12:37 PM on 10/03/2012
underused ~ because the Obama Adm does not enforce the violation of Federal Immigration Law on the books since November 6, 1986, of U.S. Employers, private citizens AND those noble U.S. Farmers hiring illegals, unauthorized to work in the USA.

source: U.S.C. 8, Section 1324A
12:37 AM on 10/02/2012
Is there something special about agriculture, something that makes it OK for ag employers to establish a pay rate they are willing to pay, then scour the world for people who will do the jobs for that pay?
01:08 PM on 10/02/2012
Every grower I know is paying above a living wage. How many people want to work even a morning or an afternoon even in their own garden weeding? There is something special about agriculture - its seasonal and farmers are price takers - not price makers. How many high school or college students do you know who want to become farmers and risk everything producing food?
04:21 PM on 10/02/2012
The fact that growers are paying above minimum wage or even a "living wage" doesn't mean anything. In the free market I grew up in, employers paid what was necessary to attract and retain legal workers. Because we have never adequately enforced immigration law -- at the border and in the interior of the country -- ag wages have stayed at a level sufficient to attract illegal workers but not sufficient to attract legal workers. Farmers aren't going to pay more than they have to and they don't. I understand the competitive argument farmers will make, that if they pay more, the markets for their crops will shrink or production will shift overseas. But explain to me what there is about this argument that is different than what any manufacturer would say. Again, why are farmers different? Why do they get a pass employing a largely illegal work force at wages lower than legal workers will accept?
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Viper1st
multi quasi faceted
09:02 PM on 10/01/2012
PEWHispanic.org ~ less than 400,000 of the 11.2 million illegals, unauthorized to work in the USA, work in U.S.Agriculture.

U.S. Farmers can avail themselves to a steady unlimited source of legal workers by using the USCIS H2A "guest worker" Visa holders.

Just last week, HP ran two articles about Alabama farmers insourcing Eastern African refugees with H2A Visas & paying the U.S. Gov't mandated $10.85/hr wage
05:07 PM on 10/01/2012
Farmers and employers do not want reform. What pay higher wages and taxes? These workers often recieve autos and housing that is why they work for so little.
Companies do not even want to pay minimum wage.
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IgnoranceIsStrength
Don't ask me, Google it yourself !
03:46 PM on 10/01/2012
Read the book, "23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism" by Ha-Joon Chang.

Chang shows how free trade is not the way to grow and points out that the USA was the world's most protectionist country during its phase of ascendancy, from the 1830s to the 1940s, and that Britain was one of world's the most protectionist countries during its rise, from the 1720s to the 1850s.
He shows how immigration controls keep First World wages up; they determine wages more than any other factor. Weakening those controls, as the EU demands, lowers wages.
He challenges the conventional wisdom that we must cut spending to cut the deficit. Instead, we need controls capital, on mergers and acquisitions, and on financial products. We need the welfare state, industrial policy, and huge investment in industry, infrastructure, worker training and R&D.
Chang takes on the free-marketers' dogmas and proposes ideas like - there is no such thing as a free market; the washing machine has changed the world more than the internet has; we do not live in a post-industrial age; globalisation isn't making the world richer; governments can pick winners; some rules are good for business; US (and British) CEOs are overpaid; more education does not make a country richer; and equality of opportunity, on its own, is unfair.

http://books.google.com/books?id=qUqoS7MTwPwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=23+Things+They+Don%27t+Tell+You+About+Capitalism&source=bl&ots=2pT7UU0EPS&sig=-oUoGwV7T0LeFAuA5bJJC0uTaXI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AoJBULTpOsWN6QGf84DIAQ&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=23%20Things%20They%20Don%27t%20Tell%20You%20About%20Capitalism&f=false
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Emma2011
03:18 PM on 10/01/2012
So far, farmers and the high-tech industry have had the attitude: "Just give US what WE want, okey?"

However, the only way they will get what they want, i e farm visa reform and STEM/high-skill visa reform is if their US Senators and Representatives support immigration reform, including legalization of the 11 million undocumented immigrants.

There are too many other stakeholders and important voting blocs, so piecemeal reform is not an option. (As I have said before, if Obama gives away farm and STEM visa reform for nothing, there is no way to get 60 votes in the Senate and a majority in the House for broad legalization later.)
03:51 PM on 10/01/2012
Per PRNewswire: "Prior to the recession, the National Science Foundation estimated that there were between 4.3 million and 5.8 million STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) jobs in the U.S. for some 16.6 million workers with degrees in those fields. As a result, nearly two-thirds of native-born workers with degrees in science and engineering are working in careers outside their field of training."

http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/immigration-and-guest-worker-policies-undermining-us-tech-workers-finds-new-report-from-fair-133835948.html

The STEM Worker shortage claim is just a smokescreen to push amnesty for the "undocumented immigrants" you think are so valuable to the economy. Here is a little food for thought - Pew Center studies by Jeffrey Passel show Illegal Immigrants compete directly with USA Citizens and Legal Residents for jobs. When compared to BLS statistics the studies indicate only one Labor Market in the last decade where working Illegal Immigrants consistently outnumbered unemployed Americans - Agriculture. A "comprehensive" solution is just a way to hide the devastating impact that Illegal Immigrants have had on the American Worker by claiming that they deserve a seat at the negotiating table in spite of having broken the law.
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Emma2011
06:05 PM on 10/01/2012
The otherwise law abiding undocumented immigrants who have been here for many years deserve legalization because the USA chose to look the other way for decades and allowed American employers to use them as cheap labor to boost their profits.

Many pay income taxes, others pay sales taxes and payroll taxes and everybody contributes to GDP, so they have already earned legalization.

The undocumented immigrants are here because the AMERICANS hire them and they should be legalized swiftly!!
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Alitoo
01:43 PM on 10/02/2012
And if Obama doesn't do one heck of a lot better job of enforcement, i.e. deporting more non violent illegal aliens, there's no way either party will be able to get an amnesty.
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Emma2011
04:02 PM on 10/02/2012
A better job compared to whom? Obama has deported far more people than Bush, he has deployed more boots on the ground and drones at the borders and there have been way more employment audits (I-9) under Obama.
The next step is swift legalization combined with implementation of mandatory E-Verify in 2013.
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MassWG
01:55 PM on 10/01/2012
"this inertia is leaving farmers across the country in crisis, with too few hands for the harvest this season"

Too bad there are no Americans looking for work. (looking for jobs, yes... work, no)

"producers already are moving their operations outside of the U.S., to countries such as Peru and China that have an adequate labor supply"

Yup, no labor supply here. And why not offshore food production, like everything-else production? When you are funding consumption with government debt, who needs to produce? (other than countries such as Peru and China, etc.)

All we need to do is print more money. Everything will be fine.
01:00 PM on 10/01/2012
Keep bringing in millions of immigrants and there won't be food enough to put on our tables. And in time no wood left for the tables.

It is insane to give lip service for reducing consumption while importing millions of new consumers.

Oh, and has anyone noticed there are millions of unemployed in the country? Adding millions of job seekers makes sense?
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voyager48
Illegitimi Non Carborundum
12:22 PM on 10/01/2012
No sit we do not need a new immigration process but rather a work permit system. You are probably being very liberal with your wording but then again that is the prime tactic of the pro-illegal lobby used to try to sanitize their cause.

What we actually need first is effective immigration enforcement since without a reliable means to regulate immigration and employment - all other discussions are moot since the door remains wide open to abuse!
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01:54 PM on 10/01/2012
Furthermore: Every year in the deserts of Arizona we find locked tractor-trailers full of rotting corpses ... abandoned by the "mules" who got spooked. Yes, it is gruesome even to think about. But it happens multiple times every year.

Our 13th Amendment said that "neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall exist in the United States," but that ideal has never been followed. Both "agricultural slavery" and "industrial slavery" continue to exist. The slaves are the illegals, who know that they are illegal, and who are afraid to speak up for fear of being deported. Again.

Immigration laws are designed, first and foremost, to protect THE IMMIGRANT. If we need immigrant labor to harvest seasonal crops, then let us nevertheless protect THE IMMIGRANT. Who is a human being.

The way to do that is with ... scrupulous demands that EVERY immigrant MUST have proper documentation, of a suitable type, and that EVERY employer must prove that compliance at all times and under severe penalty. There must be no "people who do not exist." There are minimum standards by which every HUMAN must be treated, and every HUMAN must at all times be "on the radar" to assure that his or her HUMAN rights are being maintained.

Yes, we can "afford to" do this, and we as a nation (especially "THIS nation") must demand nothing less.
11:32 AM on 10/01/2012
When did common sense leave this discussion? If you pay an Illegal Immigrant $8.00 per hour versus paying an American Citizen $13.00 per hour you cut GDP by $10,400 per person hired. This type of wage disparity spread over millions of people adds up to billions in lost GDP. All done so a few exploitive people can add a few extra few dollars to their bank accounts while the rest of the economy suffers.
10:58 AM on 10/01/2012
The hue and cry from the big corporate farmers is defining. They need their indentured workers - Illegal Immigrants to survive. Why should they use the H2A Visa Seasonal Worker Program? If they use it they might actually have to pay a fair wage and take care of their workers.

I live in one the biggest Diary areas of the country. It is not seasonal work. The cows must be milked every day in the same way. Today we have big corporate dairy farms trying to dominate the industry by undercutting the family farm with cheap labor. Soon the family farm will be gone.

Why should we pander the corporate farmer? If they have built their business on a model of illegal wage exploitation should they not go out of business when that wage exploitation is stopped? Or maybe pay a fair wage to attract those people who are part of the 13% unemployment mentioned at the end of this opinion piece? After all, farm labor is only 7% of the cost of food. Increasing farm wages would only increase the price of food by an amount comparable with current annual inflation. And it would help the local economy more than importing low wage workers. And it would make things a lot fairer and maybe give the family farmer a chance to survive.
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MassWG
02:01 PM on 10/01/2012
The government need to keep food prices artificially low to hide the real effects of their inflationary policies. Food is the one place inflation is blatantly obvious to most people, so it is the one place government will do all they can to hide real inflation from the average person. To government, family farmers are expendable in the grand scheme of perpetual deception.
02:50 PM on 10/02/2012
The majority of corporate farms ARE family farms - if you have a son or daughter who wants to farm, you increase the size of your farm to make a job for your child. Farmers pay wages competitive in their community to attract employees - most city people probably think those wages are too low - but the cost of living is less in rural areas. Most people would not accept the wages acceptable to farmers. Farming is often physically difficult and often unpleasant work - very few people are willing to do farm work or work the hours needed.
02:48 PM on 10/04/2012
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Unemployment Report, September 7, 2012:
Farming, fishing, forestry occupations - 10.9% Unemployment

Tell me again about how few Americans want to do Farm Work...
10:39 AM on 10/01/2012
Only about 4% of the estimated 12 million illegal aliens in the United States work in agriculture, according to USA Today (2006). The tomato and lettuce picking thing is a myth.