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Trayvon Martin's Death, Racial Tensions and Anthropology

Posted: 03/28/2012 3:36 pm

By Ashkuff

Many years ago, during my first biological anthropology class, I faced a major revelation: much of what we call "race" is culturally imagined, not biological fact. Of course, that's easily forgotten after tragedies like George Zimmerman's killing of Trayvon Martin. Indeed, I've heard a lot of buzz online that "White Man Kills Unarmed Black Teen." I've seen old racial tensions endure new strains, as the New Black Panthers proclaim that "the white man is a murderer" and place a bounty on Zimmerman. Although I'm not challenging anybody's remorse or outrage, I'd like to respectfully question one of the tragedy's racial tensions.

Under normal circumstances, I doubt that Floridians would all label Zimmerman "white."

Although one probably could, I'd rather not digress into measures like complexion. Let's focus on heritage. Zimmerman's family considers itself multiracial, with mixed a Hispanic and European background. Traditionally speaking, this would make Zimmerman "Mestizo." Although the label is fairly dated, there currently exists less-than-enlightened whites that discriminate against Mestizos (especially Mexican-Americans) rather than identify with them.

Beyond this traditional label, Zimmerman apparently labels himself Hispanic, rather than white. However, the media still seems compelled to force Zimmerman into stranger racial categories. CNN awkwardly describes Zimmerman as "white Hispanic." While it's tempting to interpret this description as biological fact, cultural imagination obviously weighs on its wording. After all, although his mother is white, I've never heard CNN label President Barack Obama "white Black."

As an anthropologist, I'm left with many burning questions. Chiefly, even if someone becomes a social pariah, why force him into awkwardly fit racial categories? Exactly how much good could this really do? How much harm? As usual, more research is required.

Ashkuff is a university-educated and professionally-practicing anthropologist living in Florida. He has worked extensively with UF's Institute of Black Culture, and its Institute of Hispanic and Latino Cultures. Ashkuff also dabbles with the anthropology of violence.

 

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By Ashkuff Many years ago, during my first biological anthropology class, I faced a major revelation: much of what we call "race" is culturally imagined, not biological fact. Of course, that's easily...
By Ashkuff Many years ago, during my first biological anthropology class, I faced a major revelation: much of what we call "race" is culturally imagined, not biological fact. Of course, that's easily...
 
 
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09:56 AM on 04/06/2012
Great article. This constructed concept that we call Race is overemphasized in general, so when a case like this comes about and there's an opportunity for the media/society to neatly package people into specific racial sects, especially sects with as strained a rapport as Black vs White, they always will, it's convenient. Pigment aside, an unarmed human was murdered by another human, clearing up the ambiguity of the details for judicial purposes should be the focus.
10:23 AM on 04/06/2012
Personally, I'm going to reserve the word "murder" until a more thorough investigation happens. Otherwise, I totally agree. Especially on your point about "convenience."
05:46 PM on 04/05/2012
I don't understand what is awkward about "white Hispanic." I consider myself a white Hispanic, as some of my friends consider themselves as black Hispanics. Even my green-eyed, blond mother would be considered white Hispanic, while my dad, well, I don't know...he's part Taino and not black.
And does labeling Zimmerman as Hispanic nullifies racism? No! There is plenty of racism amongst minorities. Racism is not limited to White and Black only.

By the way, if you call his mother, a Peruvian, white, then what's wrong with calling George Zimmerman a white Hispanic?
11:54 PM on 04/05/2012
Remember that I never said anything about his Hispanic heritage "nullifying" racism! I simply said that it might be counterproductive force people into awkwardly fit racial categories.

If nothing else, "white Hispanic" strikes me as awkward because, unlike yourself, he hasn't described himself that way. Afterall, just because you stick a label on yourself, that doesn't mean anybody else has to wear it with you. Further, it's a compound that's logically applicable to other races and ethnicities, yet I've never heard of anything like "white Black."

Lastly, I never said that his Peruvian mother was white. Where'd that come from?
05:26 PM on 04/05/2012
You should separate Zimmerman's self-determined identity from the one ascribed to him through his actions. In a social context, what Zimmerman appeared to do is profile Martin based on his appearance, something that many people attribute to whites and white culture. This action made him white, in this instance because *white people* do these things. This is certainly a fallacious argument but you cannot deny the very recent past of lynchings, false imprisonment, and white cops/vigilantes murdering innocent blacks. This is not a new thing or something to "latch" onto, this is very much a reality. Zimmerman acted white and has been called white because of it. In essence, he lost the ability to be Hispanic. This is not my opinion, by the way, this is an observation from a fellow anthropologist.

There are also, within the Hispanic/Latin@ community, those who are racially non-white but who *act* like whites, or blend into white culture. Self-identifying is not the same as acting within society.
11:23 PM on 04/05/2012
As an anthropologist, I cannot ethically set aside self-identification in favor of externally superimposed categories. After all, that kind of thinking led to apartheid.
02:05 PM on 04/06/2012
Why would you set it aside? I am not excusing any behavior, I am identifying it fromt he standpoint of the problem you are identifying. There is definitely a problem with racialized categorization in our culture and you did identify some of these problems. However, within minorities and majorities there are also social categorizations. Within black culture, historically, there have been those who can "pass" whether or not they wanted to. They were often labeled in ways they did not identify with. Is this good or bad? It is. We don't have the luxury of living in a post-race society so it is important to identify every aspect of what is happening. It is NOT okay to label someone with an identity they do not feel they have, but it happens. So I agree, there should be more insight into the entire thing. However, what is discussed in academics is always outside of public consciousness and I am not sure how well it would translate.

There are also many complications at play in this issue outside of race, such as class and vigilantism. Class plays a huge issue in this and I rarely see it brought up. When you combine class and race, things tend to blow up.
12:38 PM on 04/06/2012
Zimmerman acted "white?" Again, like I said above, there is such a thing as racism amongst minorities. It is not exclusive to whites.
01:56 PM on 04/06/2012
Being trained to fear black men through media, entertainment, and socialization is a hallmark of being white and middle class. Excuses for this behavior are all aspects of white privilege and the reinforcement of the behavior comes from the prison industrial complex. It is not right but it does exist, however, white people of all classes have a problem with confronting it. Yes, there is racism among minorities of a certainty. But in this case, it appears that because of Zimmerman's class and actions that he is being labeled white.
10:25 PM on 04/06/2012
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12:31 AM on 04/05/2012
Whatever Zimmerman is, he needs to be arrested for the brutal murder of Trayvon Martin, Too bad Zimmerman didn't know that every human on this planet is of African Ancestry. Africa is the cradle of civilization. If people had not been so caught up in all the stupid color thing, Trayvon would be alive today. Racism kills.
10:11 AM on 04/05/2012
Personally, I'd like to see a more thorough investigation. Not because of race issues, but because an armed man shot an unarmed teen. However, I'm not comfortable with assuming anybody's guilt. Especially when the only facts I have to work with come from poorly informed news reports.