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Andrew Coulson

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Are Democrats Wrong to Blame Teachers Unions?

Posted: 04/20/2012 12:17 pm

In a leaked email, Seattle venture capitalist Nick Hanauer called the leadership of the Democratic party and most of its elected members "stooges for the teachers unions," blaming those unions for "strangling our public schools to death with an almost infinite number of institutional rules that limit change, innovation and excellence." Typical "Rethuglican" vitriol? Not so much. Hanauer is one of the biggest Democratic donors in Washington state.

A growing Democratic vanguard faults the teachers' unions for much of what's wrong with our schools. According to Hanauer, "Even other unions, in private, will admit that the teachers make all unions look bad because they are so obviously counterproductive and self-interested." But aren't unions supposed to represent their members' interests? Hanauer acknowledges as much, writing that he is "a huge supporter of unions" because they "balance the interests of capitalists" by representing the interests of workers.

So if teachers unions have the same agenda as other unions, why single them out for attack? Hanauer says it's because "90% of what is in most teacher contracts is self-destructive [expletive] designed to protect the adults with the most seniority and the least ability." But again, iron-clad job security is a prize sought by every union. And since all members pay dues, regardless of ability, a union is duty-bound to protect them all. Unions do not -- and are not meant to -- represent the interests of customers. They represent their dues-paying members and seek to grow that membership.

What really upsets education reform Democrats is that the teachers unions are too successful. Roughly 70 percent of public school employees are unionized, compared to only 7 percent of private sector workers. Public school employment has grown 10 times faster than enrollment for 40 years. Public school teachers' annual compensation is $17,000 higher than that of private sector teachers, on average. And public school teachers are seldom fired for poor performance, contrary to the norm in other fields. Meanwhile, high school student achievement has stagnated or declined since nationally representative testing began around 1970.

But why are teachers unions so much more successful than other unions? The answer is simple: public schools lack both competitors and paying customers, eliminating the checks and balances on union demands that exist in the private sector. A business whose unionized workers drive up costs without raising quality loses customers and may have to lay off workers or even shut down. Union success is thus self-regulating. But if, as a parent, you don't like the way your local district runs its schools, you have nowhere else to turn -- not without moving or paying for a private school. And as a taxpayer, if your local schools mismanage your tax dollars, you can't send those dollars anywhere else. That's why public schooling's inflation-adjusted per-pupil spending has more than doubled in the past four decades despite stagnating or declining academic outcomes: revenues don't depend on satisfying customers.

That's not the unions' fault. It is the natural result of operating K-12 education as a fully state-funded monopoly. That, however, may explain why education-reform Democrats so often blame the unions instead. Acknowledging the real root of the problem -- state school monopolies -- seems like an attack on government or even on the ideal of universal education.

But it is not an attack on government to observe that government is bad at running schools, anymore than it's an attack on shovels to note that they make lousy Web browsers. No single tool can do every job. Nor is it an attack on the ideals of public education to say that state monopolies are an ineffective way to pursue them. That's a confusion of ends and means. Public education is a not a particular pile of bricks or stack of regulations, it is a set of goals: universal access, preparation for participation in public life as well as success in private life, building harmony and understanding among communities.

If the true allegiance of reformist Democrats is to those ultimate ideals, then they should have no problem acknowledging that government monopolies are ill-suited to advancing them, and that teachers-union excesses are more a symptom than a cause of our monopoly-induced woes. Finding the best policies for advancing our educational ideals then becomes a practical, tractable problem. The participation of reformist Democrats in solving it will be a tremendous boon to the children they seek to help.

***

Andrew Coulson directs the Cato Institute's Center for Educational Freedom and is author of the Cato Journal study "The Effects of Teachers' Unions on American Education."

 
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Richard Gerber
12:28 AM on 05/11/2012
Its not the teachers, there are only two things necessary in an education system students and a teacher. There are all these additional costs and other trying to ride the gravy train way over paid administrators and management that isn't really needed to teach students. Why does education cost so much? It is not the teachers! http://iamblogging.net/HQR/
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Earl Gray
Lighting up straw men everywhere
09:56 AM on 04/29/2012
The "business model" used in this analogy misses a critical element. If the teachers are "workers" processing "raw materials" (kids) into "products" (educated kids), then parents are the "farmers" or "miners" that provide that "raw material".

If a car company buys steel that is sub-standard, the quality of their cars will suffer. They can then seek better quality steel that will support a better quality car. Public schools are required to "process" whatever is sent to them, regardless of "quality". The charter school movement effectively addresses this by creating a "competitive" market that attracts better "raw material suppliers" (engaged parents).

This leaves public schools with the task of "processing" the "rest" of the "raw materials" in the market. No wonder the quality of the "product" suffers.

As far as sub-standard teachers is concerned, teachers do not automatically GET their job security, it has to be awarded - by the school. There is no requirement that a new teacher be granted tenure. If the school administration decides to do so without being sure that the teacher is good at his or her job, that's not on the union, it's on the administration.
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Phil-EA
09:58 PM on 04/23/2012
Everyone wants good educators and good schools but some of the things we see from unions calls into question the ability to achieve that. I think it’s worth looking at Milwaukee, where this issue is clearly a big issue. Last year we saw a teacher in the district get let go just weeks after winning an award for excellence (http://bit.ly/n6Bc6d) because of the LIFO policy. It’s hard to see how that helps schools and students. Just take a look at how the district is spending it’s money (http://bit.ly/IZGk3n). Add to that the fact that unions are telling teachers to reject legislation that could save their jobs and get let go, all in the name of political posturing (http://bit.ly/yPR9db). When you see things like this it’s easy to understand the frustration about how teachers unions are operating.
11:37 AM on 04/24/2012
I can see why you want to disguise your links; the bias of the sources undercuts your attempts to seem reasonable.

LIFO, as a policy, is probably in the best interests. In general, it's going to result in the best teachers staying in front of kids. Teaching is like everything else: you get better with practice. Where there are good administrators in place, the few teachers who aren't doing their job are weeded out and LIFO keeps the better ones. Where there AREN'T good administrators to weed out the relatively rare bad teachers, getting rid of LIFO would put the choices entirely into those administrators' hands--that's something we should avoid.
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Phil-EA
02:09 PM on 04/24/2012
I’m not trying to disguise my links… merely shortening them. If you could provide some research on the benefits of the LIFO policy I’d certainly love to look at some, but as I’ve seen it, there can often be more damage done than good. Experience certainly has value, but there has to be a way to make sure that budding teachers aren’t quickly ejected from the system, and as my previous example referenced, we still see that happening.
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yooperz michigan
09:33 PM on 04/23/2012
im laughing at all the excuses and finger pointing.....look in the mirror teachers, and then point..get rid of the dead wood, it wont even make a ripple in the quality of education the kids get, noone is above replacing...
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jp90
08:40 PM on 04/24/2012
Teachers can't get rid of teachers. Administrators must do their jobs and get rid of them. If they do their job properly, the union will support the dismissal.
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nypoet22
Psychology Ph.D., Civics Teacher, Songwriter
06:08 PM on 04/23/2012
If schools run almost exclusively by the state, powerful teacher unions and heavy government regulation were true impediments to the quality of a country's education system, the worst education system in the world would be that of Finland. No Finnish school, public or privately run, is permitted to charge tuition fees under any circumstances. As it happens, they're one of the best. How can Finland have such great schools if they have the exact opposite of the market-based policies that the CATO institute promotes?
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Stewart Goss
Evil requires the sanction of the victim -Ayn Rand
08:41 PM on 04/23/2012
Can you choose which school you go to in Finland?
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nypoet22
Psychology Ph.D., Civics Teacher, Songwriter
11:42 PM on 04/23/2012
even if you could, where would you go? for the most part there aren't other options available.
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nypoet22
Psychology Ph.D., Civics Teacher, Songwriter
12:06 AM on 04/24/2012
at age 16 you can choose the academic track or the vocational track, but that's about the only choice most students get.
02:43 PM on 04/23/2012
I wonder - did Mr. Coulson look into how increases in Title I programs, SPED services, ESOL students, and mandated standardized testing factor into the increase of per-pupil funding? And increase the number of teachers? SPED and ESOL classes are required the be much smaller than mainstream classes
Also, I can't begin to imagine how much taxpayer money has gone to testing companies due to NCLB. I know that Bush's good buddies at Pearson and Harold McGraw were VERY happy when he signed that wonderful law. Cha-ching!
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tazmodious
Left Hand of Darkness
05:12 PM on 04/23/2012
The money going into SpEd and ELL is a huge part of the over all increase in cost of education. The legal paperwork especially for SpEd is staggering to the point that the actual certified SpEd teacher no longer teaches, but does paperwork all day, leaving the teaching to para-educators.

Also, last year I looked up the costs of the Colorado CSAP (annual standardized tests) given on the state department of ed website. I calculated the cost of the test per student (how much CO pays the private corporation to supply and grade the annual test) times the number of students in Colorado. Next using avage salaries provided by the state Dep of Ed then calculated the total FTE (pay) for the amount of time teachers, admin and support staff are required to administer the test. Then I added the two to get a grand total.

The grand total for administering the CSAP last year was approximately $150 million, which turned out to be about half of the state's budget shortfall for K-12 education. This was the cost for one single test, one single data point. An absolute waste of taxpayer money.
06:58 PM on 04/25/2012
Good questions. Special education spending certainly accounts for some of the increase, but less than one might expect. You can see this by looking at how the rising spending trend keeps essentially the same slope before and after the passage of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. If Special Ed. were a driving factor in the increase, the rate of increase would have been slower before its passage and then noticeably accelerated after its passage. But we just don't see that. [See, for example, Figure 3 in my congressional testimony here: http://www.cato.org/publications/congressional-testimony/impact-federal-involvement-americas-classrooms].

I suspect that the increased dollar cost of testing is less of a problem than the cost to children's education. Kids just aren't interchangeable widgets who all progress at the same rate in every subject. So testing, standards, and curriculum mandates that treat all kids the same based on their chronological age do a huge disservice to those who are behind or ahead of the curve in any particular class. Children are so much better off when we allow them to progress through the curriculum based on their performance rather than how old they are--but that went out of fashion around the same time we were systematizing our school systems in the late 1800s and early 1900s. (I talk a little about this in my book "Market Education: The Unknown History.") Fortunately, it's coming back with the advent of digital learning options like Khan Academy.
02:24 PM on 04/23/2012
Just for the record and so all the pro-union educators on this site can know. Public Education exists for THE STUDENT not the union. Therefore we need to appoint a Student union boss that the Teachers union must negotiate all contracts with instead of the local board members that are at risk of losing an election due to heavy spending and voting by the teachers union. Someone needs to represent the students and that is who the Teachers union should negotiate with. Not some bought and paid for politician. AGAIN PUBLIC EDUCATION EXISTS FOR STUDENTS. This pro-union, large donor democrat see this, why can't everyone else.
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tazmodious
Left Hand of Darkness
05:27 PM on 04/23/2012
Since parents along with the general public vote for the local school board, the students are being represented. I'm not sure which Unions you are referring to, but my local district's union does not have discretionary funding to pay for advertisements. Even if they did, other organizations can just as easily buy advertizing space to support the board members they desire.

If a student, parent or member of the public doesn't like the direction of their local district, they should attend school board meetings that are held open to the public and petition change. From my experience watching the televised board meetings of my local school district, about a dozen parents/members of the public show up on average to school board meetings. The district has about 30,000 students. That tells me that either most of the public approves what the board does or the majority of the public doesn't care.

Given the politics and direction of public education in the US, I lean more towards apathy from the majority. Most people in the US have no desire to do the work it actually takes to get the best public education for their money. The general populace is all to happy to give that control over to the politicians. The US gets the public education it deserves.
09:17 AM on 04/24/2012
And the voters make the demand for reofrm known by electing pro-student anti-union politicians that are making changes to the school funding. That is democracy and that is what is happening. We don't have to just deal with the union bought school board we can go above there heads and make the changes state and nationwide. It is coming, we are all waiting for superman.
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jp90
07:59 PM on 04/23/2012
You have got to be kidding.
09:18 AM on 04/24/2012
No, the students priorities should be the first items negotiate and the unions can negotiate for whatever is left after that. PUBLIC EDUCATION EXISTS FOR STUDENTS NOT TEACHERS UNIONS DUES.
09:28 AM on 04/23/2012
Teachers' unions exist for the same reason as all other unions: to advocate for the pay, benefits and working conditions of their members. That is entirely legitmate.

However, teachers unions are often not honest about that mission. They routinely claim that the represent the interests of the students. While it is true that there is occassionally a nexus between the interests of teachers and students, they are two separate and independent things. For example, teachers unions fight to protect the jobs of bad teachers -- that is consistent with the mission of unions to protect their members, but it certainly is not in the students' interests.
02:13 PM on 04/23/2012
Give parents of students vouchers to attend any school they wish, private or public and that will counter balance the union. I agree with the gentleman that wrote the letter that unions exist as a counter balance to corporatists or capitalist however there is no counter balance to teachers unions. the students are legally bound to attend school and that community is legally bound to pay those taxes to fund the operations. Either teachers unions reform and conduct themselves in a way that allows reform (which they won't, it is not part of their core competency) or we allow for the ISD's and the teachers unions to compete for those voucher dollars.
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tazmodious
Left Hand of Darkness
05:37 PM on 04/23/2012
The counter balance to the teachers union is the publically elected school board. Any changes teachers/the union desire to see have to be approved by the board. If you don't like the direction of your local school district then attend your local school board meetings. Petition to make changes. Read the budget provided by law to the public.

Participate in this fully Democratic(as in Democracy) process or stop whining. Contrary to what you've been sold, vouchers are not going to change a thing, especially if you (the public) already don't participate in the fully Democratic process already available in public education.

In fact corporate control of education will eventually give you fewer options and less say in education.
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nypoet22
Psychology Ph.D., Civics Teacher, Songwriter
07:20 PM on 04/24/2012
there is certainly some divergence, but i think you're overstating the case. unions are not just the leaders, they're also the members, most of whom are fair to excellent teachers.

i'm all for reforming union leadership, but criticism of all unions en masse lumps the good with the bad. students' interests converge with those of most teachers a whole lot more than they do with politicians, hedge fund managers, testing companies, textbook publishers, edu-tech developers, eli broad, bill gates or michelle rhee.
09:01 PM on 04/22/2012
You want to know what is wrong with public education in this country? Look at the parents and students that schools have to deal with.

Then look at the moron politicians, who don't know the first thing about public education, coming up with the most ridiculous reforms possible. NCLB, and Obamas version or it, are a joke.

The US is trying to force square pegs into round holes with this eveyone should go to college bs. Europe recognizes that college isn't for everyone, and they have vocational schools for those people.

Not everyone is going to college due to ability, circumstances, or a thousand other reasons. Once the US understands that maybe education in this country will improve.
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Michael Morrison
Proud Dad, Engineer, Aspring Geophysicist
05:45 PM on 04/22/2012
I support public education. My parents were both school teachers (Los Angeles), my daughter is a school teacher (New York City), and I derive my income teaching at a publicly supported community college.

But most voters believe that there is a problem in education, and no amount of nay-saying on the part of teachers unions is going to change that. Indeed, the continual denial has convinced many in the public that our public school teachers are either too incompetent or too wrapped-up in their own self interests to see a problem.

In other words, by continually denying that education has problems, and that taxpayers aren't getting enough for their money, Teachers Unions have become Teachers' worst enemy.
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Michael Morrison
Proud Dad, Engineer, Aspring Geophysicist
05:24 PM on 04/22/2012
Public sector unions are a relatively new thing. Franklin D. Roosevelt, a strong supporter of private sector unions, viewed public sector unions as antithetical to the interests of society--The ability to strike was tantamount to holding Government hostage.

Likewise, the AFL-CIO's first president, George Meany, saw a danger in permitting government employees, who were supposed to protect the rights of others, to organize outside of government channels.

I think Roosevelt and Meany got it right.
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Atwill
Christian puppets scare me
09:37 AM on 04/23/2012
Yet you have no clue what we who work in public do. All you see is DMV and Cal Trans. you do not see me working as an RN in a state prison. you dont see me getting mandated to work OT twice a week because my fellow RNs dont show up and we are under staffed. Do you know what"Mandated" means? Means you can not go home. You have no choice. Not even when i was an RN in private did we have this. You dont see that my pay has been going DOWN for the last 3 years due to cut backs. You dont have the threat of lay offs over your head .
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Michael Morrison
Proud Dad, Engineer, Aspring Geophysicist
11:40 AM on 04/23/2012
Atwil--And why are your fellow RNs allowed to go walk-about? I presume it's a Union Rule.

I am sympathetic to the working conditions you describe--It's been worse in the private sector. I worked at a company where 65% of the people were laid-off over two years, where my pay was cut by a third, and of course, because I am salaried, I could be required to work 60 - 80 hours a week with no additional compensation.

Welcome to the real world.
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Frankie Tierney
America forgot what Liberty means
01:52 AM on 04/24/2012
It also doesn't help that we have mandatory sentencing, 3 strike laws, and lock up the most people in the world, especially for non-violent victimless crimes.
12:34 PM on 04/24/2012
Roosevelt was generally pretty good. He got this one wrong.

Most vital public workers aren't permitted to strike, so that's a non-issue. There's still a value in giving them collective voice. If Roosevelt was right, and allowing them to organize was equivalent to "holding the government hostage," we'd expect public workers to be paid much more than comparable private sector workers. In reality, they're paid less. The issues you describe don't exist.

However, the benefits of unions do. Turns out there's actually some value in giving the people who best understand a system some voice in how it runs: schools with unionized teachers generally do a better job than those without.
03:44 PM on 04/22/2012
I guess blaming the union is a lot easier than blaming parents or students. Now, it's darn lucrative to blame the teachers for every societal ill. I just love that a teacher is at fault for an 16 yr. girl's crack baby.
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nypoet22
Psychology Ph.D., Civics Teacher, Songwriter
06:53 PM on 04/22/2012
it's also trayvon martin's teachers' fault that he wore a hoodie and ate skittles.
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lagunasuz
01:29 AM on 04/22/2012
I would like to know where Mr. Hanauer gets his statistics for his quote "Hanauer says it's because "90% of what is in most teacher contracts is self-destructive [expletive] designed to protect the adults with the most seniority and the least ability."
The teachers that I taught with over the years, the more senior they were, the better they were at teaching. The last high school I was at we had two teachers in their mid 70's who were fabulous.
I am not a supporter of Unions, but they are essential to protect us from people like Mr. Hanauer.
Our salaries are most definitely higher than private school teachers. Private schools pick and choose their students and they do not allow for any behavior problems. That is huge, you have a smaller class size of well behaved students with parents who are supportive.
It makes a world of difference.
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blindjester
English and ESL teacher
10:09 AM on 04/22/2012
Two of our best English teachers (both of whom taught my son--one is his current teacher) are retiring at the end of the year. Both had planned on teaching until they couldn't anymore, but events and the tone and the atmosphere changed their minds. They don't have to endure misery, so they won't.

Anyone who thinks that we're getting rid of dead wood or something with our teacher-unfriendly policies are fooling themselves. We're losing some of the best teachers, and it will hurt our schools badly.
02:24 PM on 04/22/2012
I agree with you. I think it is sad that people are assuming an older teacher is worse. Younger teachers are just learning how to teach.
11:30 PM on 04/21/2012
What does the title "The center for educational freedom" mean? The freedom to exploit teachers and children for profit?
been2there
Facts have a liberal bias.
09:25 PM on 04/21/2012
Unions make better teachers. Right now, the scapegoating, against which unions give some protection, is driving good students away from teaching. The scapegoating and micromanaging are preventing good teachers from staying. Student behavior is making it impossible for anyone to do well--and that is not in the teachers control.
One hundred years ago, a student who sassed the teacher was out the door. Period. Many students didn't go to school. What the teacher of those classes had was a willing group who listened. What today's teacher has is a anywhere from 20 to 30 percent of students who fight tooth and nail.
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blindjester
English and ESL teacher
09:48 PM on 04/21/2012
I have 3 great classes who do anything I ask (except for homework--that's iffy). They're funny and polite and pleasant. Then I have 2 classes that will only cooperate if I can contrive to make it fun. Otherwise (most of the time), I have to harass them into a semblance of cooperation. (And make calls home. And give detentions. And talk to students outside the class. And wheedle. And cajole. And joke. And practically tap-dance.)

Funny, though, that even the hard classes aren't what keep me up at night. It's the testing and common core and VAM and AYP and anti-union crusades. That's what's making teaching a nightmare.
10:50 PM on 04/21/2012
Yes. I am so sick of the bs teacher trashing and the trashing of regular public schools. You definately deserve respect and tenure. The arrogant people who write these articles or the Hanauers of the world are clueless. I know MANY people who have worked in non-unionized charters and they are an inferior product and a con on the American people. Keep up the good work. Teachers deserve better than the current drumbeat to destroy the only things that keep good people in the profession
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Atwill
Christian puppets scare me
09:40 AM on 04/23/2012
I came this close "Finger's together" to becoming an english teacher. When I was in college it was a toss up between nursing and teaching. Thank God i took nursing classes instead and got my RN I dont know how you do it.