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Andrew Kneier, Ph.D.

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Accepting Death and Letting Go

Posted: 11/02/10 09:43 AM ET

Atul Gawande's Aug. 2 article in The New Yorker, "Letting Go," addressed the difficulties that patients, families and physicians encounter around the transition from medical treatment against disease to palliative care focused solely on comfort and quality of life in the time remaining. Too often, this transition occurs too late. He touched on many of the psychological reasons for this and noted that our medical culture is weighted too much on the side of not giving up and too little on the side of wisely letting go when the time is right.

Although I trust that Dr. Gawande is aware of what I am about to say, his article did not discuss a key remedy to the obstacles of letting to -- namely, for patients to be supported in discussing the process of coming to terms with death long before their illness progresses to a terminal stage. When patients receive this support, I have found, they have a much easier time letting go instead of clinging to hope and pursuing medical treatments that prolong their suffering.

For many years I was the only clinical psychologist at the UCSF Comprehensive Cancer Center. Much of my work there involved patients with a poor prognosis. As part of a study, I interviewed 25 of these patients on the kind of thoughts, attitudes and experiences that were helping them come to terms with their prognosis. I must say, I was a bit blown away by the results, especially the fact that people appreciated the opportunity to talk about these issues because they were so often encouraged, by family members and friends, to be positive and hopeful instead of being encouraged and supported in being realistic and prepared. It seems that our culture's preoccupation with healing, a fighting spirit and control over physiological realities makes it all the more difficult for people to let go because they receive so little support for doing so. Each culture has its own repertoire of acceptable ways of facing death, and in our culture, it seems more acceptable to "rage against the dying of the light" and fight to the bitter end than to take stock of what your life has been about and to be at peace with your coming death.

The patients I interviewed had a poor prognosis but were not in a terminal stage; most of them could reasonably expect to live another year or two. Even so, they had begun to think about the meaning of their lives, their religious or spiritual beliefs, and what might comfort them as death approached. As I mentioned, they welcomed the opportunity to talk about these things. They were not in denial about their prognosis. Often, what seems to be denial on the outside is actually compliance with social norms and expectations; on the inside people are often very realistic. Countless times patients have told me about their tentative steps to broach the topic of their death with family and friends, only to be told, "Oh, don't think that way. You're much too obstinate for cancer to get you. Besides, there are lots of treatments to try. There's always hope that something better will come along."

In the study I mentioned, we wanted to learn what these patients had been thinking about that helped them feel less bad about their prognosis. We found six factors -- that is, thoughts, attitudes or experiences -- that were mentioned by at least 50 percent of the patients. These are discussed in my recent book, "Finding Your Way Through Cancer" (Celestial Arts, 2010). To mention them briefly here:

  1. Gratitude for the number of years the person had lived and for the positive life experiences they had enjoyed (mentioned by 84 percent);
  2. A sense of pride in one's accomplishments or in the inner qualities the person had developed over the years (80 percent);
  3. Religious faith or spirituality (72 percent);
  4. Making changes (in response to their cancer) in themselves or relationships to feel more fulfilled or at peace when death came (68 percent);
  5. Taking stock of one's legacy, especially the positive contribution they had made in the lives of others (60 percent); and
  6. Loving and being loved (52 percent).

I am not saying to anyone reading this that you should be as philosophical as these patients were or that you should advocate these factors to people you know or work with who are facing a life-threatening illness. I am only saying that this small sample of patients had been thinking about these things privately because they did not feel permitted or supported in saying these things out loud. It's a sad commentary on our culture, I believe. And it's something that can be changed, especially as we support people in facing up to things the way they are, which takes real courage, and in acknowledging that we are all meaning-creating creatures, even unto death.

 
Atul Gawande's Aug. 2 article in The New Yorker, "Letting Go," addressed the difficulties that patients, families and physicians encounter around the transition from medical treatment against disease ...
Atul Gawande's Aug. 2 article in The New Yorker, "Letting Go," addressed the difficulties that patients, families and physicians encounter around the transition from medical treatment against disease ...
 
 
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SirCoolBreeze
GOP'ers = Alleged Unindicted Co-conspirators
06:11 PM on 11/08/2010
Enjoy Every Sandwich. "My Ride's Here" by Warren Zevon.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJomp47BliE
12:34 AM on 11/08/2010
I've never seen anyone who was about to die looking so radiant and healthy as the woman in the photo accompanying the link to this article on the homepage. If only I could look so good and I'm just going through perimenopause! A perpetuation of our fear and denial of death, you think? - that they couldn't even use a photo of someone who actually looks sick or old.
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Koeiseun
08:17 PM on 11/05/2010
Great article! I'm stricken with inoperable pancreatic cancer....and I get soooo tired of the "hang in there, you never know" mantra that friends and family spout whenever I try to discuss the reality of my situation. I haven't " give up hope".......Not in the least...it's just I hope for different things now than I did before I got sick. :-)
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Max Shaw
My micro-bio is no longer empty.
04:18 PM on 11/04/2010
I think I would rather be at peace than to hold onto something that might in turn destroy my expectations or cause me anxiety in my time of passing...This article is right. More often than not, we as a society are conditioned into believing we should simply 'hold on' or fight as if its a battle than can be 'won' so-to-speak...when in fact we all must face the end some time, and to believe we have fought the good fight and that our time of salvation and peace is a much more pleasant thought than being scared of whats to come.

My grandfather had the best sense of humor when he was on his deathbed..and as hard as it was to see him like that, it was satisfying to know that he had such peace and tranquility within him that nothing could break his spirit or his knowledge that he had lived a fulfilling life that was chock full of love and happiness..

I hope that when my time comes that I can face my end with as much courage and comfort as he did..
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01:04 AM on 11/04/2010
In the last three years, I have had the privilege of sitting with three elderly clients as they passed. One client would traverse this realm with the next. We both were/are nonreligious, so his delight was amazing. He said the boundaries were evaporating and the he could see the beams in the ceilings. On those beams, he could see the blue pencil markings of the long ago carpenter. I asked him if he would come back for me when it was my time to go and he lit up. He said "Where do you want to go?". It felt so adventurous and happy.

I hold on to that, for this week I am going to see my brother who has just about to start chemo and radiation. He has had cascading health problems for a decade and this doesn't look good. My true test of love will be to allow him to go as he wishes and not how I want him to go.
10:07 PM on 11/03/2010
Why should we accept it? We have found ways to circumvent much more benign undesirable aspects of human existence, so why aren't we working all the much harder to eliminate, or at least stave off, the ultimate undesirable?

I can understand accepting death from the standpoint of a terminal patient; barring a literal miracle, the knowledge that could potentially stop death will come too late for them, but I personally don't feel that the rest of us should just roll over and accept our fate.
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08:02 PM on 11/06/2010
Think for a moment what would happen if people did not die, ever.
01:03 AM on 11/07/2010
We would have to definitely re-think reproduction. And I hate to play the selfish card, but I don't really care if living forever (or even just a really, really long time) means that there were potential humans that never got the chance to be born.
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06:53 PM on 11/03/2010
As somebody who has faced a life-threatening illness and beat it, I can say that dying is not the worse thing. Suffering is the worse thing.
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rounder421
Atheist Cabbie
06:08 PM on 11/03/2010
As an atheist, over the last couple of years I have learned, and tried to live like every day is my last, because one of them will be. I am not looking forward to being in heaven, I'm looking forward to today. To live any other way is a waste of life.
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LalaSmiles
05:45 PM on 11/03/2010
Our culture tries to perfect immortality to the umptiest degree, thus the aspiration for money, control, fame, power, and possessions. No wonder, that letting go in every sense is so difficult for many.
In my experience, letting go of something, or someone you love is the ultimate lesson in powerlessness and humbleness. It was I who told my mother exactly the above mentioned: “Oh, don't think that way. You're much too obstinate for cancer to get you. Besides, there are lots of treatments to try. There's always hope that something better will come along." Unflinchingly, I was fighting her fight. But it was in her last days when I realised and accepted her frailness and her wish to be without pain and in peace, that I finally found the strength to tell her that it is “okay to go”, it is “okay to stop fighting”, and that “I will be fine". She passed 1 day later.

In those moments it is not important what we want, or what we wish, but what this person needs and wishes and how we can help them to make that transition. We all need to learn to appreciate what was and be grateful and happy about that, instead of mourning what was or what could have been.
Don’t get me wrong it is not easy, and I still have days where I would give my right hand to have her here. But I’m learning, and I also have her legacy: Smile, Lala smile.
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04:06 PM on 11/03/2010
The crux of the force behind denying death till the bitter end stems from the widely accepted delusion that suicide is a one way ticket to no where the deluded wants to be.

In their mind...giving into death, that is, choosing to die instead of live, is tantamount to suicide. Which en masse, they wholly reject as being both mentally and physically weak.
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frank day
Republican = FAIL
04:01 PM on 11/03/2010
We are all mortal.
If most of us fully comprehended the meaning of this, perhaps we would enjoy each day more and learn to be kinder to one another. :-)
02:50 PM on 11/03/2010
throughout my 21 year nursing career I have run up against this time and again, family does not and will not let a loved one have a peaceful death because THEY want the patient to hang around for THEIR comfort, I have given treatments that prolonged patients lives for a day to a week or longer and during this time the patient suffered even more, if patients families knew how most patients talk about death and dying when the families leave the room, they would open their hearts to the suffering involved in keeping someone alive for selfish reasons...ask yourself about the quality of the sick persons life, would comfort measures improve the quality or prolonged unsuccessful grabbing at straws increase the quantity? when its your turn to step up to the plate do you want to be comfortable in your last hours/days or uncomfortable for weeks/months/years?
I dont understand some people and their need to keep a terminally ill human being from having a natural comfortable death
10:29 PM on 11/05/2010
I feel the same way, when my mother lay dying, my sister could not accept it. She wanted the Doctor's to keep her alive a while longer, because she wasn't ready yet. The Doctor's asked if we wanted to give my mom morphine to ease the process. I said YES. My siblings could not understand why I would hasten the inevitable. Because I told them, I got everything from my mother that I could while she was alive. 'All her memories, her feelings, her love, I got all of that in the months and years before her death. I talked with her everyday, all day. She had nothing left to give any of us. Let her go!
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MexiChick67
Que? Que? Queee?
01:06 PM on 11/03/2010
I love this open and sincere dialog regarding death and dying. Our culture is so obsessed with staying alive at all costs, that when a person is facing a certain death (realistically we are ALL born to die) they can't talk honestly about their joys, regrets, fear, love, etc. My in-laws talked openly about death & dying. They realized that their lung cancers were a sign to 'tidy things up' (my father in law was a doctor and we all knew that 85% of lung cancer patients don't live more than 18 months). They decided to just go home and not fight the disease. My mother in law lived comfortably with the help of medications to help her breath, oxygen, and a hospice nurse (they are angels). She died peacefully in her bed next to her husband of 50 years. Then my father in law had a massive stroke 18 months later. He lost his will to live and he caught pneumonia, which he called an old friend. He lived two weeks and died peacefully in his own bed surrounded by family and his beloved dog. There was no struggle. They lived a long and amazing life blessed with family and friends.
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Halsey
"There is a price to pay for speaking the truth. T
12:54 PM on 11/03/2010
I think a lot of of saw the 60 minutes piece on the cost of living 1 or 2 days longer. There is even a chemo type drug that prolongs life about a week at a cost of over $60,000 for ONE treatment.
I've found that reading the newsletter from Compassionate Choices is helpful to me. I'm less than 2 years out of very aggressive (nasty stuff) treatment for trip-negative breast cancer. I'm glad I did it, but will NOT do it again. I've got my medical directive all ready as a result of having cancer. We do all die and I am for quality not quantity. The only true way to know what's on the other side of that door of death is to walk through it. I fear pain and lack of control over my choices far more than death. I believe NY now MUST talk to terminal patients about palliative care choices, etc. (due in large part to the work of Compassionate Choices).
For me, I'd want the kool-aid; but don't live in a state that allows it; so must rely on my DNR and Med. Directive.
07:45 AM on 11/03/2010
I discovered God on a mushroom trip a few years ago. I had a brief window of real enlightenment and absolute clarity in my knowledge. I don't expect anyone to believe me, but I was certain that I would be just fine after my death. I know that intellectually now, but it's hard to feel it.

Also, this piece is very appropriate for the midterm elections.