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Andrew Winston

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Weak Environmental Regulations Show Little Faith in U.S. Business

Posted: 09/13/11 03:31 PM ET

Before the big jobs speech, President Obama made an important decision about the economy and public health. About 10 days ago he reversed himself and his own EPA to stop a regulation that would've reduced smog-causing pollution. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce and the Republican Congressional leadership quickly declared this a major victory for "job creators" and business in general.

It's anything but.

I'll give a major concession on this argument and put aside for the moment the danger of ignoring solid science and what it tells about public health (which is that, in the words of NRDC Director Frances Beinecke, "strong smog standards would have saved up to 4,300 lives and avoid as many as 2,200 heart attacks every year... [and] made breathing easier for the 24 million Americans living with asthma... ").

OK, let's imagine those health benefits don't matter. Even from a business perspective these laws make sense and it's ridiculous to keep them weaker than they should be.

Choosing weaker environmental regulations actually makes our country less competitive and shows amazingly little faith in our business community to innovate.

Just because something may be difficult doesn't mean it will be expensive as well. For decades now, every major environmental regulation has met significant resistance from the industries most affected. That should be expected, but let's deal in reality, not hyperbole.

This time, industry opponents say it will cost enormous sums of money to comply with a regulation that moves the standard from 75 parts per billion to 60 to 70 ppb. We've heard this argument before. The claims of economic destruction, outrageous costs, and lost jobs are almost always seriously overblown.

Every now and then, a business leader admits the falseness of these "Chicken Little" cries. Former BP CEO John Browne once told Fortune, "Every time there's a new piece of regulation, we say it's the end of our industry... [we have] an appalling track record in this regard."

The most famous example, though, is the battle over the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, ultimately signed into law by the first President Bush. This law established the first major "cap and trade" system; it didn't restrict carbon dioxide as current iterations propose, but mandated reductions in acid-rain-causing sulfur dioxide. At the time, industry claimed compliance would cost up to $1,500 per ton of SO2 reduced. For the next decade, the industry never spent more than $200 per ton, and usually far less, as Dan Esty and I discussed in Green to Gold (see p. 75). So business was off on cost estimates by a factor of 10.

But it gets better every time. Friday's laughable assertion from Representative Eric Cantor that changing the smog standard would cost the economy $1 trillion and millions of jobs makes the acid rain cost claims seem quaint.

Granted, the fiscal logic for stricter pollution standards doesn't seem as clear as the cost-saving potential of energy efficiency standards such as those for light bulbs and cars. (Of course politicos are fighting those as well, even though the fact that they truly drive innovation and save everyone money has already been demonstrated repeatedly). But this seeming lack of economic logic applies if you only consider one side of the ledger, the cost to companies most affected. But on the other side we have public health savings, which are estimated at $37 billion per year, and the benefits to other industries.

What about the companies and entrepreneurs that create cleaner ways of operating or provide the pollution-reducing technologies? Those are real jobs too, aren't they? And our companies will be more competitive globally as every country struggles with pollution. Or just consider the productivity benefits to all companies of having their asthmatic employees breathe easier.

But here's what really galls me: saying that stricter pollution standards will cost enormous sums of money shows a staggering disregard for our capacity to innovate.

If American business is the engine of growth that our politicians make it out to be, why can't we find new ways to do things that save money, cut pollution, and make our companies more competitive. When given constraints, the tough and smart get going and innovate (and, by the way, the new standard wouldn't go into effect until 2013, giving us some time).

I have faith in our businesses.

Why don't our industry and political leaders?

(This post first appeared at Harvard Business Online.)

 
 
 

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Before the big jobs speech, President Obama made an important decision about the economy and public health. About 10 days ago he reversed himself and his own EPA to stop a regulation that would've re...
Before the big jobs speech, President Obama made an important decision about the economy and public health. About 10 days ago he reversed himself and his own EPA to stop a regulation that would've re...
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Dragontech
Looking for a good micro-bio
08:32 PM on 09/14/2011
I find it odd that there are so many corporations willing to spend money lobbying, to heavily invest in the idea, that it is too expensive to reduce harmful emissions. I wonder who, then, that money goes to that makes complying expensive. Is that not ALSO going to a business to create the technology to clear the air? Are the companies that make the technology, the filters, what-have-you, that scrub the sulfur dioxide out of factory emissions to reduce acid raid not businesses making a profit, creating jobs?
Likewise, with alternative energy sources, do these also not require manufacturing, or corporations to develop, promote and/or install them? Why MUST going green be "anti-business" when business can be made out of going green itself?
11:07 AM on 09/14/2011
The whole environmental argument has been usurped by right wing business interests. But do any republicans read this site? Unlikely.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
MassWG
09:47 AM on 09/14/2011
"If American business is the engine of growth that our politicians make it out to be..."

But haven't you noticed? It's NOT. It may be the engine of global growth, but it is not currently the engine of domestic growth. We have no growth, for a host of reasons that include regulatory burden.

Perhaps if we address all the other reasons companies are offshoring we can bring manufacturing back home, and THEN improve our standards to an even greater degree. Or maybe you haven't seen the poverty numbers from the latest census.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
nkurland
I'm going to leave this planet alive
09:19 AM on 09/14/2011
What's more, bolstering environmental regulations would actually help the economy. The PERI Institute has found that the Obama administration's proposed revisions to the Transport Rule and Utility MACT would result in $294 billion in capital investments in plant improvements over the next 5 years while creating roughly 1.5 million jobs. Furthermore, the OMB has determined that every $1 spent on compliance for the Clean Air Act has resulted in an economic benefit of $4 to $8.

Mindless pollution and extraction simply don't work.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
MassWG
10:00 AM on 09/14/2011
These reports are not always realistic and accurate assesments.

http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2011/03/Coming-Clean-on-Regulatory-Costs-and-Benefits
"EPA’s claim that the CAA Amendments of 1990 will save 230,000 lives and generate $2 trillion in economic benefits in 2020 is rife with 'significant' and 'major uncertainties,' according to the authors of the report."
03:29 PM on 09/17/2011
What do you expect from a conservative think tank? Notice that the author doesn't begin to speculate on anything but what innovation costs NOW. She's using the same argument that conservatives everywhere in this country do:

"Innovation Costs too much NOW, so it doesn't matter what it's long term benefits are."

This is doing EXACTLY what the article argues. It is allowing industry to just continue doing what it has been doing. Industry NEEDS to innovate in order to stay productive and competitive. If a corporation complains that they would have to spend too much money to do so, then that company's only problem, other than spewing false logic, is that it has become unsustainable in size.

In this country, we have allowed for major mergers and acquisitions, all without actually forcing these now oversized companies that they need to innovate THE WHOLE company, just like all these smaller companies would have, if they had remained small.

If anyone wonders why we can't seem to recover from a large recession, they should look no further THAN industry. Even if all foreclosed homes were suddenly off the market, we would still have companies that are too large to innovate, and too cash greedy to spend any of their hoards of liquidity to actually do so. They claim that unless the government laxes standards, we can't compete. Well that's because you allowed yourself to become too large to compete under the standards that were previously not a problem.
03:30 PM on 09/17/2011
All that industry, and the Heritage foundation, is arguing is that companies would just rather not invest in themselves. So why should I invest money or hope in them? I can't believe I'm saying this, but I think I'm going to go buy shares in GM, to allow them to innovate. Simply because they promised to.
07:57 AM on 09/14/2011
"Choosing weaker environmental regulations actually makes our country less competitive"

Good grie! I can't believe he said this when we outsource manufacturing to China.
Over the past 50 years the US cleaned up its act substantially.
Low labor cost in China is often cited as reason for outsourcing. Not the whole story ...
No pollution controls in China is a major reason for their cheap cost of production.
In effect, we're rewarding China for producing pollution. It's free trade policy.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Robert Frank
My last name is FRANK so thats what I am..
07:38 AM on 09/14/2011
environmental regulations ? we dont need no stinkin regulations !!! how else can we compete with the chinese unless we are on a level playing field?
07:24 AM on 09/14/2011
Keep passing these stupid regulations and then keep wondering why the jobs are going to other countries. The thing about regulations, you never no when you have gone too far and threw out the baby with the bath water.
11:20 AM on 09/14/2011
Jim, throughout China's ascendancy to economic power, Germany has maintained a strong export economy which is always in surplus, whilst under the watch of strict environmental laws. It does this because it manufactures very high tech precision goods which aren't so easily reproduced in China. I'm not talking about running shoes or iPods, but excellent cars through to every component needed for energy generation and thousands more items in between. Here in lies a lesson for America.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Dragontech
Looking for a good micro-bio
08:16 PM on 09/14/2011
They are only stupid regulations if you don't drink water or breathe air.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
southrnlyfe
06:52 AM on 09/14/2011
http://archive.sba.gov/advo/research/rs371tot.pdf
This is a very interesting report on the effects of regulation and small business. Environmental regulations affect small business the most.
Protecting the Environment should be a priority, however we should not wreck business to make it happen. We already have very strong Environmental regulations.
One other note, I find it amusing that the author states,
"saying that stricter pollution standards will cost enormous sums of money shows a staggering disregard for our capacity to innovate."
Meanwhile Obama is blaming job loss on the invention of ATM's and self check-in stations at airports. I guess Obama fails to see our capacity to innovate as well.
08:02 AM on 09/14/2011
It's true that various regulations impact smaller businesses harder. Really big businesses have the advantages of scale.
Ironic that if we want to protect the environment, we spend 50 years cleaning up water and air in the US, then send jobs to China where manufacturing is dirty, polluting, not green, etc., etc. If we cared about both US workers and the environment, we'd bring manufacturing back to the US.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
southrnlyfe
06:31 PM on 09/14/2011
I totally agree. We need to make manufacturing attractive to American companies again. And the large corporations do have the advantage of scale and capital. Just like with the corporate tax rate of 35%. Larger corporations can invest time and effort into finding the loop holes to pay no taxes, while smaller ones can not.
12:01 AM on 09/14/2011
Well said. Environmental regulation is as moral and noble as any quest humans might pursue. Pollution and destruction of our planet is about as bad an idea for life on this planet as we can conjure. Mankind has survived by rejecting bad ideas in favor of progressive innovations that have carried the species forward. We need to continue in the tradition of good ideas by challenging the status quot to produce progress beyond the obvious.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
MassWG
09:39 AM on 09/14/2011
The OP is only correct if you are worried about domestic pollution. If you are worried about global pollution, then exporting the mess to China and others (through our ever-stricter regs) will only INCREASE the problem, as several others have pointed out.
nothingchanges
too soon old, too late smart
10:11 PM on 09/13/2011
Zoning laws make it so that manufacturing and industry is separate from residential areas (to a certain degree).

Generally it's the poorest neighborhoods that are closest to factory, or industrial facilities.

Working under the old "Golden Rule" principle...........(the OLD one.....Do unto others, as you would have others do unto you), possibly the best solution to the problem of pollution is to require those that own, and/or manage factory or industrial facilities to live immediately downwind from them.

Maybe then we'll see, just how "harmless" the cumulative effects of pollution really is, when it effects them, and their families personally, and not just "those people"...............
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Malcolm Hensley
Last of the Reagan Republicans
09:53 PM on 09/13/2011
May I quote this line of yours, "That should be expected, but let's deal in reality, not hyperbole."

It was not as big a concession of you to concede the health benefits as you might think, if you don't mind if I quote you again, ""strong smog standards would have saved up to 4,300 lives and avoid as many as 2,200 heart attacks every year... [and] made breathing easier for the 24 million Americans living with asthma... ")."

Let me explain between 1970-2005 we have reduced per the EPA air pollution 53% while increasing energy consumption 48%. The chart is near the end of this N.C. State report:

http://www.stat.ncsu.edu/people/hunt/cms/st495/lec/lecture02.pdf

And asthma has grown about 4% per year since 1980 per the CDC:

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ad/ad381.pdf

As for environmental controls creating jobs and putting more money into the economy - that worked in the 80's & 90's. Today a multinational corporation looks at the added expense of operating in the U.S. say we whether move to a fast developing nation where we don't have these problems.

You working behind the desk of you eco-consultant firm may not have noticed but since the 90's we have lost over 30% of our manufacturing jobs. So those old cliches don't work in unrestricted free trade times.

Something to think about.
FreeHat
Really?
08:30 PM on 09/13/2011
When was the last time the Clean Air Act became weaker?
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
nkurland
I'm going to leave this planet alive
09:11 AM on 09/14/2011
Twice under the Bush administration for the DoD and coal powered plants. Try again.
07:59 PM on 09/13/2011
Oh great, a guy who probably gets all his funding from foundations and the government is now telling businesses that no-this really won't cost you money, and that no-you won't have to lay anyone off to comply with this. Consumers will gladly more more for my product then one manufacutered elsewhere where they have more reasonable environmental regulations. Oh yes, you environmentalist just love telling other what to do. Old cheap lightbulbs work well, and are cheap-too bad-you get expensive ones that buz, cause migranes, and contain mercury. What to drive you kids in a safe car-too bad, we are requiring automakers to put so much plastic in new cars that they soon will be a tin can. But they do meet the standards. A truck hits your little plastic car-too bad for you.

There is less and less freedom in this country every day.
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Andrew Winston
Consultant, Author, Speaker on Green Business
10:51 PM on 09/13/2011
Well, I actually work entirely for the private sector. Don't get any foundation money.
But that's besides the point.
Freedom is important -- we all like it. But there are other freedoms than the narrow ability to have as much pollution as you'd like or to buy the least efficient bulb you can. Going down the green path creates far more freedom. In this particular case, how about freedom for asthma sufferers to breathe easier. Or freedom from chronic health problems and the bills that go along with them.
Or in the larger green agenda, how about freedom from foreign oil? Or freedom to save a ton of money by using that better, energy-efficient bulb (by the way, MUCH more mercury ends up in the environment and in our fish from burning coal, not from light bulbs, which, by using less energy, create LESS mercury).
And those lighter cars still have plenty of other standards and regulations that "force" manufacturers to have seat belts and air bags -- do you want freedom from those regulations also?
Nobody wants excessive regulations, but when you dig into the specific ones on the books, a lot of people seem to like having safer food, cars, clothes, or medicines.
It's a balancing act, and just crying 'freedom' doesn't help the discussion much...
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Dragontech
Looking for a good micro-bio
08:25 PM on 09/14/2011
And let's not forget, your freedom ends, where mine lies. You can swing your arms around all you want, if my body is in the way, it's assault. The environmental regulations create a false sense that freedom is being restricted, so the conservatives complain we are robbing their liberty. Yet they forget that the pollutants restrict our freedom to breathe clean air, drink clean water, see across the valley we live in, catch healthy fish from the seas and lakes, grow (or buy) clean produce to eat.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Dragontech
Looking for a good micro-bio
08:21 PM on 09/14/2011
Too bad you never learned to spell or write a coherent sentence too. But that is your First Amendment Right, to not get an education, I guess. Just remember when looking for a job practice saying "Do you want fries with that order?"
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aacme
My micro-bio is on a strict need-to-know basis.
07:34 PM on 09/13/2011
I frankly don't have much faith in American business' ability to innovate. If they weren't so fossilized, .they would be innovating, instead of trying to stop or turn back the clock to prevent the future from happening. These are people who fear they won't own the future, rather than innovators looking forward to see how they can profit by making that future better.
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morris111
fac fortia et patere
03:24 AM on 09/14/2011
You obviously know nothing about American business.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Mark Dobbins
I may be dumb but I'm not that dumb
06:07 PM on 09/13/2011
If John Browne is your best industry references, your list of reputable sources must be pretty lean. Just look at his environmental and safety record while at BP. It was the worst of all of the major oil companies.

I agree that American ingenuity and competitiveness usually drives market participants to find lower cost solutions to environmental compliance; that has been the record of American industry. What isn't mentioned is there is always going to be a point of diminishing/negative returns in seeking Environmental Nirvanna. We seem to be very close to that point in some areas (SOx, NOx) and beyond that in others (wind and solar power). I would respect the Green movement more if they incorporated some of this into their approach rather than simply striving for a "Zero Emissions World at Any Cost" approach.
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Andrew Winston
Consultant, Author, Speaker on Green Business
08:20 PM on 09/13/2011
Mark,
Yes, Browne had serious flaws, but his point was about the industry as a whole and its record of lamenting regulations...and it's still a good point no matter who's saying it.

Also, I don't think there is a single major environmental group that strives for "Zero Emissions at Any cost." They're much more practical than you give them credit for. And in this case, the reduction is from 70+ ppm to 60-70ppm, hardly "zero." The other point though is that quite often shooting for zero forces leapfrog innovation and companies find it's cheaper to go an entirely different route (to zero) than pursue the diminishing returns, which you rightly point out is a problem. The zero solution may not apply well in this case -- smog is a modern society challenge, not a single industry or process you can address with one major tech fix.

Andrew
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Mark Dobbins
I may be dumb but I'm not that dumb
10:00 PM on 09/13/2011
Andrew, thanks for your reasoned reply. I do think that the Earth Firsters of the Green movement, for lack of a more current term, do your efforts tremendous harm. I'm sure that this isn't the first time that you have heard this.

There are plenty of business people who have shared goals with the Green movement.. No one wants to destroy the earth and most people that I know are serious about using our resources more wisely, particularly in regards to reducing our reliance on crude oil produced from countries unfriendly to us. We can do accomplish a lot by focusing on what we agree on first.