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Ann Pettifor

Ann Pettifor

Posted: April 25, 2010 10:18 PM

Does Greece Have a Tea Party?

What's Your Reaction:

The humiliating surrender of Greece's economic autonomy came just last Friday, 23 April, 2010. The democratically elected Prime Minister, George Papandreou transferred to unelected officials in Brussels and Washington the power to determine Greece's fiscal policy. In other words, decisions about taxation, and how tax revenues should be spent.

In a 26 April interview with the Financial Times on the island of Rhodes, the Prime Minister, George Papandreou admitted his country had accepted "a partial surrender of sovereignty".

"Our struggle" he went on to say, "will be to recover our autonomy and liberate Greece from the surveillance imposed by the forces of conservatism".

Back in 1765 Bostonians such as James Otis and Samuel Adams regarded "taxation without representation as a form of tyranny".

Today, a nation that served as the cradle of western democracy will effectively be governed by remote, invisible and unaccountable officials.

When Greece's leaders agreed back in 1992 to sign the Maastricht Treaty, and set up a currency union, they gave away powerful levers for the democratic management of their economy - to EU bankers.

First, they surrendered the power to determine the value of the Greek currency; the exchange rate. Since 1st January, 1999 the value of the Greek currency has been fixed by bankers and policy-makers based at the European Central Bank (ECB) in Frankfurt, Germany.

There were advantages to the introduction of a European-wide currency. It cut the cost of cross-border transactions, made financial markets more liquid, and allowed larger banking firms to provide a wider array of banking services to the people of Greece, as well as the rest of Europe.

But on balance, the people of Greece have gained less from the arrangement than have financial institutions. The EU and ECB turned a blind eye to the way banks, like Dusseldorf's IKB, gambled in foreign markets, including in CDOs sold by Goldman Sachs.

Under the watch of the ECB, European bankers became lax about lending, including to Greeks. Their banks grew too big to fail.

None of this appeared to matter much, until the financial crisis erupted. The ECB had to step in to rescue private banks, with 'quantitative easing' or hundreds of billions of Euros of 'enhanced credit support'.

Back in Greece, the surrender of control over the value of the currency made it impossible for her finance minister to respond by devaluation.

Not so Britain, which remained a member of the European Union, but whose government wisely declined to surrender control over sterling, and refused to join the Euro in 1999.

So Britain like the US enjoys relative autonomy. Both have responded to the global financial crisis by refusing to intervene as the value of currencies fell. This made exports more competitive, and raised a barrier to imports.

As a result both the US and the UK are re-balancing their economies.

Not so the Greeks. They have had to adopt and adapt to an exchange rate better suited to the needs and expectations of the German economy.

But it's worse than that. By joining the Euro, Greece gave away the central bank's power to set an appropriate rate of interest for Greek economic conditions. Again, this is in contrast to the UK and the US, where central bankers retain the power to set the base rate of interest, and influence other rates.

For Greece the 'price' of lending was set by the ECB in Frankfurt at a rate more appropriate to Germany than Greece, as Germany is regarded as the 'engine' of the European economy.
As a result, Greek households and companies have, for a decade, had a rate of interest a little too low for Greece's good.

Low rates in turn encouraged reckless borrowing on the part of Greek banks, companies, households and the Greek government.

Reckless borrowing was aided by the lifting of barriers over movements of capital across the Eurozone, so that Greeks could borrow from e.g. German and French banks, as well as their own.

At the same time, the EU turned a blind eye as the Greek government worked with Goldman Sachs to securitize the public sector's debts, and disguise the full extent of Greece's expanding deficit.

As long as the private banking sector thrived on these arrangements the ECB and EU governments like Germany and France ignored their activities.

But then the private financial system crashed, and hit Greece hard. The government's economic management had been weak, and even deceptive, and partly as a result of the constraints of the Euro, her private services and manufacturing sectors uncompetitive.

The government's debt ballooned, and soon Greece needed loans to finance the deficit. This vulnerability, combined with the open nature of the Greek economy, made the country a sitting duck for the speculative attacks of players in the global bond markets.

Last Friday, rather than default on debts, the Greek Prime Minister capitulated to their demands and surrendered control over Greece's fiscal policy to the EU and the IMF.

Today Greece lives under a regime that Bostonians back in 1765 would have regarded as tyranny. While there have been protests and riots, it is not clear that Greece has the equivalent of a Boston Tea Party. Or, like Bostonians that Greeks will join with the Irish, the Portuguese and Spanish - whose autonomy is similarly threatened - to fight for independence.

So we must wait and see. For as history shows, gaining independence is a struggle not easily won.

 
 
 
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conservo
Tea Partier, Atheist, Libertarian, Objectivist
09:11 PM on 05/06/2010
Well, if Greece does not like the stipulations that go with the bailout then they do not have to accept the bailout. In fact, if it were up to me, I would make their decision easier---I wouldn't offer them a bailout to begin with.
With a statement like, "Our struggle will be to recover our autonomy and liberate Greece from the survelliance imposed by the forces of conservatism, I say, "To hell with them, let them go back to their liberal spending ways and their Socialist utopia. Just don't expect us to offer to lend a hand.
Problem is-we are walking (in fact, sprinting ) down that Liberal/Socialist road ourselves. Conservatism is the answer, my friends.
08:24 PM on 04/27/2010
"The End of Europe"; "Europe Isn't Working"; "Will Europe Ever Work?"; "What's Wrong with Europe"; "The Decline and Fall Of Europe"; "Old Europe Unprepared for New Battles"; "Western Europe Is Cursed"; "Reforms in Europe Needed"; "Is Europe Dying?"; "The Rise of the Fortress Continent"; "The Decline of France"; "Political Crisis Paralyzing Europe"; "Europe's Long Vacation Is Ending"; "Why America Outpaces Europe"; and "Europe Turns Back the Clock."

These alarming headlines appeared from 2003 until late 2006, when--surprise, surprise--it was discovered that the European economy actually was surging past the U.S. economy. In fact, an article published in the international version of Newsweek on November 20, 2006, blared the headline "The Great Job Machine: Despite Its Laggard Reputation, Europe Continues to Grow Faster, and Create More Jobs, than America"--yet that story never appeared in the domestic version of Newsweek."
from "What the Doomsayers Haven't Been Telling You about Greece" It’s not a bad article and a refreshing alternative to the Party Line. http://www.zcommunications.org/what-the-doomsayers-havent-been-telling-you-about-greece-by-steven-hill
11:02 AM on 04/27/2010
My relatives are Swiss and there's an old stereotype they laugh about which says that countries like Holland, Britain, Germany and Switzerland have a hard working and industrious people while the Mediterranean countries plus France have a historically lazy people.
I know its a vast generalization but the fact that its now the Germans that have to bail out Greece (thats why they are taking the reins by the way) suggests there may be something to those stereotypes.
09:50 PM on 04/28/2010
I'm from Spain and you know why we are lazy? Because we have the great weather that you northern and central european people so much lack...or isn't that the reason we had that real estate bubble. You northerners have to come to the Mediterranean to rest and enjoy the sun, we, spaniards, build the housing for you to do so, the economic crisis created by the bloody anglo banks from the US kicks in and the real estate bubble bursts in front of our eyes...and we are the lazy people? Maybe the economic planners masters of the universe, with their imperialistic world views are the ones to blame in all this fiasco and not the poor hard working people from the Mediterranean.
03:50 AM on 04/27/2010
Thank you for the insight.
03:20 AM on 04/27/2010
Greece has several choices
1) Default on their loans, damaging pension funds and credit across Europe
2) Withdraw from the Euro zone and bring back the drachma, which will fall dramatically against the Euro, impoverishing many Greeks with runaway inflation.
3) Cut government spending and get the people to actually pay their taxes.
Be interesting to see which they chose.
10:35 PM on 04/27/2010
#1 has technically already occurred with the junk status rating. Since there is no concept of bankruptcy for a country, their only option would be to negotiate with debt holders which is probably unfeasible. In most situations a country defaults by devaluing their currency. That option is not available while they are in the EU, so number 2 is probably where they may end up. #3 will happen no matter what else happens. However, you can only tax people so far before an underground economy takes over and you have a cash and bartering society.

This is a much bigger mess then most people realize. The dilemma is that if the IMF and the other EU members bail Greece out with the amount of funds it truly needs to survive for the next two years, then that leaves little protection for the other financial weaklings in the EU. This most likely will result in the debt of the weaker EU members being down graded to junk status since it would be clear that the EU would not have the will or the resources to back the debt of its weaker members. This no doubt would probably spell the end of the EU. On the other hand, If they do not properly bail Greece out, then the markets will take this as a sign that the EU will not stand behind the debt of its members and the same scenario described above will play out. There are no good endings.
03:15 AM on 04/27/2010
greece is what happens when the country is ruled by public employee unions.
04:09 AM on 04/27/2010
Well, no. The problem is Capitalism, if that is removed the problems go away.
11:12 AM on 04/27/2010
lol...the USSR tried that for 80 years, didnt work out too well. Look at the differences between West and East Germany.
The problem is corruption. Unions used to be good for business, in fact they played a role in the success of the auto companies in the 50s. However by the 70s and 80s they really started to push the envelope, demanding unreasonable benefits while the executives cooked the books to hide their incompetence. And thats also what happened to Greece in a nutshell.
03:07 AM on 04/27/2010
It's time for Greece to bring the Drachma back. Only this time, it should be debt and interest free money.
http://www.swarmusa.com/vb4/content.php/184-Freedom-s-Vision-Monetary-Reform-Outline
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Louis Leo IV
Louis is a trial lawyer, blogger & activist
02:07 AM on 04/27/2010
no but they have a hummus party!
03:15 AM on 04/27/2010
and an uzo party
11:42 PM on 04/26/2010
You miss the most salient point in the situation. The retirement age in Greece is in the early 50s. If it was in the late 60s like or higher like it should be, their government would not be in such a deficit situation. Speculation exacerbated the problem. But they need to learn to live within in their means
03:16 AM on 04/27/2010
The Greeks problem is more GS, Germany and Capitalism in general.
10:39 PM on 04/26/2010
Many quarters of the EU believe in a form of hobbism -- which believes in the state or monarchy as the means of guaranteeing a stable civil society. Hence the formation of the EU. However, the Greek financial mess highlighted also many deep racial pinnings within the EU. People in Greece and other places are "lazy" according to their northern neighbors. Having seen for myself what is going on in Greece and other "slower" EU economies it was obvious only a matter of time before the day of reckoning would come. The "slower" economies are just not competitive and should have not been allowed in the EU.
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MegWe
09:24 PM on 04/26/2010
Hello? Teabaggers are just Republicans - the especially racist ones. Stop using them to represent an authentic grassroots movement that actually has real issues. I am sick of this. Stop. Enough!
America's They don't even support financial reform. They LOVE Wall Street. Unfettered.
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JShankel
I want my country forward
08:20 PM on 04/26/2010
Ouzo baggers.
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rikster
buy the ticket-take the ride
05:58 PM on 04/26/2010
how do you say Goldman Sachs in Greek..??
08:01 AM on 04/27/2010
Goldman Sachs...and they ruin your economy!
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Torus34
A poor old country mouse.
05:44 PM on 04/26/2010
Ms. Pettifor;

You failed to note that Greece, upon joining the ECU and signing on to the Euro, pledged to keep its deficit within bounds -- and did not do so.
10:25 AM on 04/27/2010
that's the gist of it: they signed a contract without keeping it- like all the other EU countries.
And like purchasing contracts (such as buying a car or house) if you can't pay you lose the property and property right that come with the contract.
Soo basic, but the big politiians did not now that?
05:42 PM on 04/26/2010
This is a fine, timely article. However, it is inherently deceptive to compare the US Tea Party to those in Greece opposed to “transference to unelected officials in Brussels and Washington the power to determine Greece's fiscal policy”. The Tea Party are conservative extremists who worship our 200 year old document, while denouncing enlightened amendments such as the First Amendment on separation between church and state in support of state fundamentalism - not too far removed from Iran. Their anti tax obsession has more to do with protecting Big Business (under the guise of “small business”) than protecting freedom. People are of course far less “free” with deregulated corporate totalitarianism (no democracy in corporations) than with government regulations of these powers and assistance on health and education... in the case of public education (California), it is now being dismantled as we speak due to an irrational media instilled fear of taxes - with little mention the huge proportion of taxes that are earmarked for the amazingly bloated military.
Greece of course does have its own Tea Party made up of neo fascists and left over’s from their former dictatorship. Nevertheless the more progressive element of Greece have over the years created a society that is in many instance more free, equal and just than the USA with affordable universal health care miles ahead of the USA in age longevity, lower drug use, teenage births and infant mortality rates (in spite of its relative poverty) – paid by progressive taxes.