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Natural Burial Is a Gentler Way to Leave

Posted: 04/18/10 04:16 PM ET

Jane Hillhouse has been part of the movement to "green" the funeral industry since 1994. She learned about the natural burial movement when she was visiting her native England, and then brought that interest and commitment back to the United States.

I first heard of natural burial when a local paper ran a feature story on Jane's work five years ago. Then, in September 2009, our paths crossed again. Last month Jane and I met for tea (of course!) at Caffe Lucca in Montara, CA and talked about her involvement in this growing aspect of the green movement in the U.S.

Jane told me that she had been driving in the English countryside in 1994 when she realized that she did not want to be buried in a shiny box that would not allow her to gently return to the earth. She wondered if she might be able to find a local carpenter who would build her a simple pine casket that she could paint with images of all that she had loved in this life. She also began to explore the possibility of finding craftspeople at willow farms who might weave basket-like willow caskets.

While she was exploring these options, Jane learned more about the burgeoning natural burial movement in the U.K. She learned that natural burial is actually a return to traditional practices. She was soon convinced that natural burial is a more compassionate option for families and the earth, because families are able to care for their loved one and say their farewells in their own home, if they choose. No embalming fluids are used and the body is buried in an eco-friendly casket or shroud that helps the body naturally return to the earth, often in natural woodland or meadow settings. This is perfectly legal in the U.K. and, Jane learned, in the U.S. as well. (According to the FTC Funeral Rule, embalming is rarely necessary.)

As we sipped our tea on that rainy afternoon, Jane explained to me that, until the late 19th century, in the U.S. burial was handled by the family with the support of their religious or civic community. The person who had died lay in state in the living room or parlor where family, friends and neighbors came to pay their respects. The loved one was then placed in a simple pine box or cloth shroud, carried to the church, synagogue, or mosque for final rites, and then buried in a community graveyard. This changed during the Civil War. In order to preserve the bodies of soldiers while they were being transported from the battlefields to their hometowns, the blood was drained out and replaced with embalming fluids. This was the beginning of the modern funeral industry, because only experts could handle the embalming procedures and other complicated processes designed to temporarily delay decomposition of the body.

The commercial funeral industry has evolved since that time. Embalming, metal and exotic hardwood caskets and impenetrable concrete vaults have become commonplace. I was shocked to learn that here, in the U.S. we annually bury:

  • 827,060 gallons of embalming fluid

  • 90,272 tons of steel for caskets and vaults

  • 2,700 tons of copper and bronze for lining caskets

  • 30,000,000 board feet of hard woods, including tropical woods, for caskets

  • 1.6 million tons of reinforced concrete for burial vaults

Additionally, what looks like a grassy cemetery lawn is actually a thin covering of sod over acres of wall-to-wall concrete vaults. The vaults are needed to keep the land from caving in so that the grass can be easily mowed by industrial lawnmowers. The grass itself requires the constant use of fertilizers, and herbicides, as well as frequent watering.


I was even more surprised to learn that cremation is equally polluting and energy-intensive. It

  • requires up to 356 cubic feet of natural gas to complete a single cremation;

  • exacerbates climate change because the combustion of natural gas produces carbon dioxide;

  • produces sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which both contribute to the formation of acid rain;

  • emits dioxin, which is one of the most potent toxins known;

  • produces 1.6-8.5 grams of toxic mercury into the environment per cremation from cremated dental fillings (when buried with an entire body, fillings remain inert).


Jane told me that when she returned to the U.S. she began selling environmentally friendly caskets and urns to individuals and funeral directors who were interested in gentler, greener burials. Soon, families began coming to her for consultation and resources for home funerals and natural burials.

Interest has continued to grow. Jane now provides continuing education seminars for members of the funeral industry, hospice and palliative care associations, faith communities and clergy. She is also working with land trusts, existing cemeteries, and individuals to secure natural burial grounds in the U.S.

Jane's company, Final Footprint, is a certified member of both Green America and the Green Burial Council. Recently, Final Footprint has become the U.S. distributor for eco-friendly caskets and coffins by Ecoffins, a Fair Trade certified company based in the U.K. Jane said that she chose to work with Ecoffins because both companies have a joint commitment to value their employees and the physical environments in which they work, and to do everything they can to ensure that they improve rather than damage the environment. For this reason, the manufacturing is done in an environmentally friendly way that uses sustainable materials. All of the caskets and coffins are individually hand-woven, using age-old skills, by craftspeople who are paid a fair wage and work in a just, Fair Trade certified workplace.

Jane has served on her local board of the Funeral Consumer Alliance. Each year she makes presentations and leads workshops around the country. So far, in 2010 she is scheduled to participate in events in Raleigh, NC (April), Denver, CO (May), and Bloomington, IN (June). An event is also being planned for San Jose, CA.

Jane is willing to be contacted for more information, workshops or continuing education seminars about natural burial. She can be reached at 650.726.5255 or jane@finalfootprint.com

Final Foorprints website: www.finalfootprint.com
ECoffins website: www.ecoffinsusa.com


Sources:
Mary Woodson, vice president of the Pre-Posthumous Society of Ithaca, New York, in Mother Earth News, April/May 2003.

Philip Donald Batchelder, "Dust in the Wind? The Bell Tolls for Crematory Mercury" in Golden Gate University Environmental Law Journal, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2008.

Federal Trade Commission Funeral Rule

 
Jane Hillhouse has been part of the movement to "green" the funeral industry since 1994. She learned about the natural burial movement when she was visiting her native England, and then brought that i...
Jane Hillhouse has been part of the movement to "green" the funeral industry since 1994. She learned about the natural burial movement when she was visiting her native England, and then brought that i...
 
 
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04:44 PM on 04/23/2010
Thanks Anne for acknowledging the unfairness of calling all funeral directors vultures who pray on the bereaved. It's very discouraging to those of us who are honestly trying to meet the wishes of everyone, who try to keep our prices reasonable, and make sure everyone is taken care of, even if they can't pay. Living in Vermont, arguably one of the greenest states in the U.S., our biggest obstacle is finding burial space, other than on one's own property, where we can bury people in a truly "green" fashion. There is a ridiculous mindset that an unprotected decomposing human body is going to start another round of the "Plague". Our firm does green burials on request, and gladly help folks figure out how to build their own caskets. We seem to do several every year, so far, all on people's own property. Some of us are looking to be around long term, and working with EVERYONE on their terms is really the only way that will happen. Thanks again.
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moonbay
08:41 PM on 04/22/2010
thanx for the article. i was amazed at the figures re the resources/toxins we bury in a mainstream burial. good to get the info on cremation too, I thought that would be the best way to go. now that I know all this, I'll be looking for a tree to feed. thx to anne and jane, et al
12:59 PM on 04/21/2010
The reason for embalming fluid is to make sure the body is really dead and that it wont come around after its been buried. This happened in the past.
But a "sky burial" is the greenest, thats where your body is put on a platform and the kites and vultures eat you. Its still done in Tibetan areas. and it was one of the first types used by humans, it was done at Catal Huyuk in Turkey (one of the earlest cities found) and it was done in Salem (later to be called Jerusalem) thats where we get Golgatha, the place of the skulls. The earlest inhabitants did sky burial, although some people will dispute this.
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Anne Dilenschneider
12:50 AM on 04/22/2010
Yes, "sky burial" is a form of natural burial done in Tibet, and was also used by some native peoples in North America for generations. As for embalming, here in the US, it began as a way to preserve the bodies of dead Civil War soldiers for a few extra days while their bodies were transported by train home from the battlefields. Embalming is not done as a way to ensure someone is dead. There's been a bit of an uproar about this recently because a "dead" woman in Colombia began to move when they attempted to drain her blood in order to embalm her -- she was alive, and not dead at all. Here in the US, there are strict requirements for determining that someone is actually dead, and that determination can only be made by a licensed medical practitioner. That determination does not involve or require embalming.
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08:26 PM on 04/20/2010
Dispose of what I no longer need in some way that does some good, or if that's not possible, minimal harm. If I could choose, I'd like everyone to get a laugh out of it. (I grew up on the Chesapeake Bay and ate lots of crabs. Crabs have a real knack for rotting meat.)

But really... It's none of my business. If we're going to have seven billion people on the planet, sentimentality needs to take a back seat to sense.
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LoyalOpposition
06:07 PM on 04/20/2010
There is a place in the Carolinas, or Virginia, or Tennessee . . . where you can have a green burial with a little sign telling loved ones where it is that you returned to the earth. Lost the link. Anybody out there know the website?
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PatA
~~LONG LIVE JUAN~~
03:46 PM on 04/20/2010
My veterinarian buried one of my greyhounds under a pear tree in his front lot. He hung Tiger's collar on a branch. Tiger fertilized the tree. The tree is huge now and it is very difficult to see the collar. I'd like to go like that. Just let me fertilize a pretty tree. I don't wear a collar, so that won't be an issue.
10:47 AM on 04/20/2010
Funeral directors are vampires and vultures, descending upon grieving survivors. "Mr. Smith, you surely don't want your lovely wife buried in that cheap box. Let her rest for eternity in this $9,000 piece of furniture". Pleasssssssssse. Pine box, dirt, simple prayer, bye-bye.

If people only knew what their loved ones turn to in that sealed box. A slimey goo is what. No dust to dust in modern times.
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Anne Dilenschneider
01:16 PM on 04/20/2010
Actually, many funeral directors, such as Joseph Smolenski of the Renaissance Funeral Home in Raleigh, NC, are actually leading the way in bringing information about natural burial practices to their colleagues. Smolenski teaches a Continuing Education class for funeral directors on natural burial, and this class has been approved by the North Carolina Board of Funeral Service. He is also one of the organizers of the Natural Burial Expo that will be held in Raleigh this weekend at St. Paul's Christian Church. And Smolenski is not alone. Jane Hillhouse has spoken with many people in the funeral industry who are interested in natural burial and who genuinely care for the people they serve and the environment.
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thinkingwomanmillstone
great, green, globs of greasy grimey GOPerspeak.
06:41 AM on 04/20/2010
Just put me in a field somewhere and let the birds and animals take care of me. I live in the country and have seen how quick they are with deer. I really would prefer to be out of sight of the road. Like a previous poster, I am getting tired of the word green and the concommitant guilt that people are trying to instill in people without mentioning the profit motive involved. Everybody's trying to make a buck, nothing wrong with that, just be up front about it.
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Anne Dilenschneider
01:23 PM on 04/20/2010
I am quite impressed with the commitments of Jane Hillhouse and the Ecoffins team to the Fair Trade certification requirements that ensure that the craftspeople who create their bamboo, banana leaf, willow, and paulownia wood coffins receive fair wages and work in safe environments with just labor practices. Like many people around the world, Hillhouse and Ecoffins believe it is possible to be ethical and environmentally-conscious and still earn a living. They are not alone -- check out the practices of Joel Salatin and Polyface Farms (featured in the recent documentary, "Food, Inc.").
04:27 AM on 04/20/2010
Can my body be recycled in any way?

There must be some commercial use for my body parts.

Dog food, maybe?

How about grinding my bones for pottery?

Prosthetics?

Just please wait until I'm dead.
04:30 AM on 04/20/2010
Fertilizer?
12:52 PM on 04/21/2010
Soylant Green?
07:59 PM on 04/21/2010
I was thinking more elegant, like Eating Raoul.
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rougebaisers
02:41 AM on 04/20/2010
I have always hated the way we treat our dead with embalming and being on display turning green on the edges, going into hock to be put into the ground to rot. Just think of the organs that could be used to save lives that just get trashed.
12:31 AM on 04/20/2010
no embalming fluid
simple box
bury me and allow me to become part of the planet
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11:25 PM on 04/19/2010
Of course the best solution of all is to recycle. Donate your organs and/or whole body, to save another life or to assist a medical school.

http://articles.moneycentral.msn.com/RetirementandWills/PlanYourEstate/the-no-cost-funeral-donate-your-body.aspx
04:35 AM on 04/20/2010
After dissection, the medical schools still have to dispose of the body.
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feyangel
09:03 PM on 04/19/2010
By the time you are buried, you have already left. If what you are discussing is, I don’t know, a greener way to do burial-- then maybe title should be different. I am actually kinda getting sick of the "GREEN" focus-- though I am totally FOR caring for the planet-- but really-- what you discuss here is that there is not really a totally GREEN way to dispose of a dead body. That seems to be the way all GREEN discussions end up-- with a dead-end conclusion that just simply have humans living on the planet-- or in your case, dying on the planet-- harms the planet. Maybe it was set up that way-- planned obsolescence. . . a Divine Experiment that wasn’t meant to last forever.
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Anne Dilenschneider
10:56 PM on 04/19/2010
The idea is to return to the earth in a way that is natural -- as all other beings return to the earth -- with minimal pollution and energy-use. Dying and being dead does not harm the planet. Burying embalming fluid and tons of concrete and metals, and releasing toxic gases with cremation, does harm the planet. I was quite surprised by what I learned, and also quite heartened to know there are alternatives.
07:59 PM on 04/19/2010
In case you haven't noticed; burial is for the living.
The dead don't care.
Social peer and religious pressures drive the funeral business.
I would prefer cremation for myself, but my family's religion frowns upon it.
I will not hurt my family's feelings by insisting that I be cremated, because I will no longer care.
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kareemachan
watashi ha tororu ga oroka da to omoi masu。
06:48 PM on 04/19/2010
Burial at sea for me. I always thought cremation was the way to go, but the numbers in the article don't sound so good. So just put me in a sack with some ballast and let me sink. But far enough offshore to make sure I don't freak anybody out by showing up as body parts, the way the feet kept appearing in British Columbia. ;-0
03:39 AM on 04/20/2010
Morbid as is may sound, thats the way i want to go. Just make sure there's enough weight to keep me down a few days until the crabs find out.

And please, as a surprise to those attending, play my favorite song when you dump me over the side

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pgN8wsPZNBA&feature=related

-with special thanks to Trey Parker