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Belleruth Naparstek

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Can Meditation Bolster Mental Health in Soldiers and Veterans?

Posted: 08/06/10 08:00 AM ET

A couple of weeks ago, I was in San Antonio to do resilience training with Army hospital professionals. My job was to demonstrate why guided imagery audios were an effective, portable, user-friendly, idiot-proof tool for managing stress and preventing burnout for health providers, wounded warriors and veterans alike.

It was an impressive group of health care professionals we were training. Some had backgrounds straight out of health and mental health, while others came from the combat side -- former special ops, rangers, snipers, bomb dismantlers and so on. Some straddled both worlds. They came from as far away as Korea and Germany, and as close by as Fort Sam Houston, and every place in between. They'd seen a lot of seriously nasty stuff.

I picked their excellent brains during breaks. I wanted to know what they thought about helping active troops learn self-calming and relaxation skills.

Months ago we'd begun sending thousands of guided imagery audios for stress and insomnia to our service people in Iraq and Afghanistan, pre-loaded onto these durable, portable little MP3 players called Playaways that the soldiers really like. The hope was that by teaching them to self-regulate their mood and biochemistry, they'd be less prone to acquiring posttraumatic stress; as well as gain new skills for dealing with depression, grief, guilt, self-doubt, irritation, boredom, loneliness and all the rest.

But over the years, we'd heard objections - that soldiers couldn't afford to relax; that calming them could endanger them and make them more vulnerable to attack. I wanted to know if these experienced professionals thought this was true.

What they told me was, Hell, No.

One man told me it was a myth that soldiers had to stay all worked up and furious at the enemy in order to fight well. He'd been, among other things, a sniper in Iraq, and what he'd needed most was a kind of calm, detached focus -- similar to an athlete's state of flow -- where he was very present and alert, but also very quiet inside, so he could spot any movement that might mean danger to his cohort, and be so calm and detached, that his hands were steady as a rock.

I heard something similar from a former bomb de-fuser -- the critical importance of putting himself in an emotionally detached, calm but hyper-alert and focused state of mind. I'd never thought of dismantling a bomb as being the ultimate kind of meditation, but, of course it is. It sends every other thought clean out of your head, and your attention is focused on a very narrow band of things, excluding all else. That's the definition of meditation.

Come to think of it, my Transcend Vietnam vet pals at the Louis B. Stokes Cleveland V.A. , who helped me make our current imagery for PTSD, used to say the same thing about reconnaissance and walking point -- crisp, clear, calm focus was the best way to keep yourself and your men intact.

Another reminded me that the great Chinese, Japanese, Indian and Greek martial arts began with training in meditative stillness. He'd studied as many ancient traditions as he could find, because he felt they had much to teach him downrange. I was glad to be reminded that the idea of warriors cultivating a calm, detached, single-pointed focus was old as dirt.

A former medic talked about the importance of troops being able to control and regulate their feelings -- not just so they didn't make mistakes in combat or with civilians, but also with each other. They get into some pretty dumb ruckuses with each other, just out of sheer boredom and irritation. (Sebastian Junger has some great descriptions of this in his new book, War .

We're also becoming increasingly aware that our service people are being over-medicated downrange, mostly with legal drugs. This creates new problems - everything from slower reaction times to possibly an increased vulnerability to suicide later on. It's probably a better idea to teach our troops to adjust their moods or get some sleep by sticking an audio in their ear if it can substitute for a pill in their mouth.

So, all told, I was strongly encouraged to keep getting meditative tools to our troops. I'll keep asking and brain-picking, but this is good for starters. My interest has always been the long-term mental health and emotional resilience of our service people. But if these tools don't endanger them, and instead can make them sharper war fighters, I'm okay with that. If they've got to be in harm's way, let them be as strong and as safe as possible.

 
 
 

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A couple of weeks ago, I was in San Antonio to do resilience training with Army hospital professionals. My job was to demonstrate why guided imagery audios were an effective, portable, user-friendly,...
A couple of weeks ago, I was in San Antonio to do resilience training with Army hospital professionals. My job was to demonstrate why guided imagery audios were an effective, portable, user-friendly,...
 
 
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04:38 PM on 08/13/2010
I came to know about this Project Welcome Home Troops which teaches breathing techniques and meditation to overcome PTSD. Feedback from the veterans looks very positive. From this article and comments happy to know that so many alternate options are available for them to overcome PTSD.

http://pwht.org/
10:42 PM on 08/10/2010
This is a wonderful article. I'm a Buddhist and longtime meditator/yoga practitioner and I recall once hearing a reincarnate lama mention that surgeons make excellent meditators--it's that same one-pointed focus you mention in your article. Have you read Dr. Charles Hoge's book Once a Warrior, Always a Warrior? It is a wonderful guide to PTSD and other post-combat issues for soldiers and veterans and their families. He recommends meditation as an effective tool for helping the warrior be aware of his own combat responses and to learn how to "dial up" or "dial down" these responses appropriately in civilian life. Fascinating stuff, my husband has non-combat PTSD and it has helped me to understand a lot of his stress responses and be a more supportive spouse.

Keep on keepin' on Belleruth! Please continue to write on this subject.
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Belleruth Naparstek
Psychotherapist, author, guided imagery pioneer
07:56 AM on 08/11/2010
Had not heard of it. Will check it out. Thank you for the recommendation.
04:06 PM on 08/10/2010
Neurotraining provides the same effects of meditation but has an advantage in that results can be achieved much quicker as it takes months or years to attain the level of consciousness needed for long term benefits from meditation. When combined they can have a powerful synergistic effect. Brain Music Therapy has also been shown clinically and operationally to be beneficial for stress, anxiety, depression and sleeplessness (all symptoms of PTSD), and this treatment modality is individualized using you own EEG patterns to produce a Relaxing track and an Activating track. It is a quick and inexpensive method which produces results almost immediately. Find out more at PeakNT.com, Peak Neurotraining Solultions provides comprehensive mind-body wellness including nutrition for clients.
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Belleruth Naparstek
Psychotherapist, author, guided imagery pioneer
08:00 AM on 08/11/2010
Agreed. A wonderful psychologist at Bethesda Naval Hosp, Dr. John Fowler, uses this with severely wounded & traumatized Marines, and has great success. He also contextualizes it by talking like a fellow Marine (which he was in Vietnam).
It's great for them to watch their physiological measures of stress drop like stones, right there on the screen, in the very first session. Hard to beat, if you've got the equipment!
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03:20 PM on 08/09/2010
RIGHT ON for recommending meditation to vets -- enlisted men and women need it too. 'meditation' means many things: guided imagery, mindfulness, concentration, transcending... the more scientific we can be discussing this, the more it'll help meditation gain wider acceptance and more people will benefit. scientific research now shows that all meditation practices do not produce the same effects. recommending 'meditation' as a general prescription is like a doctor saying "just go and take a drug" -- as if any old drug will do. the emerging view in the scientific journals is that different meditation techniques have very different effects on the brain and physiology:

clearly, all forms of meditation are not equal in their ability to reduce stress, provide relaxation other measurable benefits. nor does research on one practice apply to all others. the various practices engage the mind in different ways and many have different aims. i've been doing TM for decades and know that it's very different from what my mindfulness friends are doing, and they report different results. some practices have not been found to significantly reduce anxiety or high blood pressure -- perhaps because they engage the mind in a way that keeps it busy on the surface instead of taking the mind into deep transcendence. if the military is going to recognize meditation, it will probably be on the basis of solid scientific validation.

here's a video about meditation for vets: http://www.tm.org/videocafe#6ki4c-XkYsM
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Belleruth Naparstek
Psychotherapist, author, guided imagery pioneer
08:33 PM on 08/09/2010
Thank you for these nuanced, thoughtful comments and the wonderful video. An impressively authentic testimonial for TM for combat stress..
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Vajara
vajara
12:43 PM on 08/08/2010
Yes, you are right on target about meditation and calming the mind for our Warriors. I have been introducing meditation for many years here at Ft Bliss along with guided relaxation, movement therapy, and working with my colleaues with therapeutic outings (fly fishing, skiing, nature walks, etc), therapeutic arts, massage, reiki, acupuncture, braintrain technology, etc. and our soldiers heal and get better. I also appreciate that you discuss the over medicating of our soldiers as this has reached epidemic proportions. Our behavioral/mental health industry is a failed system and it is time for our true health industry to respond and stop funding these sick care practices.

Thank you Belleruth for the great work you do in supporting integrative and holistic health practices. I have circulated your videos with our soldiers and staff and they have found them very helpful. I hope you won't mind that I am adding an article to support your article about the harm that conventional mental health delivers...perhaps they don;t know any better, but they should at least follow your advice. http://www.newciv.org/mem/persnewslog.php?vid=400&time=1281285693
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Belleruth Naparstek
Psychotherapist, author, guided imagery pioneer
07:51 PM on 08/08/2010
Thank you, Vajara, for the work you do. If I had a wish list of ideal interventions for PTS, it would look like the program you've created at Ft. Bliss.
Much appreciation,
BR
06:04 PM on 08/07/2010
Keep up the good work, Belleruth!
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Belleruth Naparstek
Psychotherapist, author, guided imagery pioneer
10:32 PM on 08/07/2010
Thank you, SpikeC and same backatcha.
BR
06:03 PM on 08/07/2010
I'm a little amazed at how narrow a view of meditation is represented in the comments. I have a friend who is a combat veteran of Vietnam who is now a Zen monk. We do veteran's retreats in which he teaches a variety of meditative practices. Buddhism is not taught, but sitting mindfulness meditation, walking meditation, eating meditation, working meditation and more are taught. To categorize meditation as just sitting and contemplating your navel is just hopelessly narrow and provincial.
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12:30 PM on 08/09/2010
Hmm. I hear there's a kindness meditation too.
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Belleruth Naparstek
Psychotherapist, author, guided imagery pioneer
07:42 AM on 08/10/2010
I admire your pen name, Ms. Festring.
Yeah, Mehta Meditation, for instance. Not sure if the high-test, heart-opening meditations (my personal faves) would work in a combat situation. We're trying to get as much feedback as possible from our soldiers downrange, to try to begin to figure all this out. It's complicated, that's for sure. No one-form-fits-all solutions, I suspect.
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03:51 PM on 08/07/2010
When we put ourselves or others into a situation that is traumatic, we shouldn't be surprised when we or others are traumatized.

I don't know if it is true, but I have read that many more American Vietnam Vets have killed themselves than the almost 60,000 who died during the war. Speaking for myself, I know of many more who have committed suicide than who died in that war. The only thing I know to do is to be supportive and compassionate to those who need it. Sometimes it helps.
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khanti
Cultivator
07:25 PM on 08/07/2010
That my friend is karma. Action and reaction lodge into your memory. What I described on the comments below is to let karma take effect in a controlled enviroment is to release those trapped emotion. Karma is not someone with a higher power passing judgement it is precisely what you have described.
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10:18 PM on 08/09/2010
man, try some beano.
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Elijah A Alexander Jr
Elijah NatureBoy
09:17 AM on 08/07/2010
Belleruth,
Thank you ever so much for that enlightening information.

You know why they reported *soldiers couldn't afford to relax; that calming them could endanger them and make them more vulnerable to attack* to you don't you? For the same reason AMA doesn't require correcting the cause of medical conditions but only the treating the symptoms, there is more money to be earned by treating, prevention in your case, than healing.
10:40 PM on 08/06/2010
Obviously they are not teaching Buddhist meditation on loving kindness and compassion. But if what ever they are teaching helps with PTSD then I say more power to it.
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khanti
Cultivator
05:33 PM on 08/06/2010
Misuse of meditation.
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ZenGardner
Neither believe nor disbelieve.
05:42 PM on 08/06/2010
Wow... so that's what compassion looks like.
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khanti
Cultivator
08:01 PM on 08/06/2010
For healing yes espescially PTSD. To empty the mind so you can take a better aim
at your enemy that is not what meditation is about. That is having better concentration. It is the preliminary practice to meditation proper.

Meditation is development of the mind. So why not explain how meditation help soldier with PTSD problem?
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GDedrick
Pixel pusher in Big Law.
07:05 PM on 08/06/2010
I strongly disagree. These soldiers are only doing the job our country asks of them. Whether you disagree with our war policies or not, these men and women deserve to a path to inner peace and calm and the ability to focus their minds and hearts on the tasks they have dedicated themselves to.
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khanti
Cultivator
11:02 AM on 08/07/2010
When you empty your mind, the mind becomes clear and calm. At that moment you activate the mind again to do harm that action will create a strong impression that will be very difficult to get rid of. Doing things with single minded intention will create a lasting memory.
There are so many meditation blogs here in living but emptying the mind is just a start. None of these bloggers go into details how to treat PTSD
If you use just this way to treat PTSD any benefit derived is as short as the time you are sitting down not thinking.
If you are familar with the Buddhist story of Agulimala here's a short take,
Ananda asked the Buddha, " Agulimala had killed so many people won't he face suffering for his deeds."
"He is in the state of hell now in room. The fire of hell is hot."
When Ananda neared the door he could feel the heat.
The hell here is not the opposite of heaven. It refer to the suffering state soldier experiences in PTSD.
There are many causes of PTSD, some are physical so you need medication while some are psychological. Each must be investigated, analysed in order to provide the proper treatment.
04:31 PM on 08/06/2010
I would be interested in a secular way of teaching meditation, it seems to me any meditation is hooked up in some way to a religion, and don't tell me TM, I did TM in the 70's and the incense, the rice, the secret word...it has religious overtones. And the further you go into yoga you will find a religious element.
The american Indian would go into his death dance before going into a battle he knew he might not come out of. That could be seen as a meditation, and they would have a purification after the battle. That too could help with PTSD. a ceremony to wash away the horror.
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GDedrick
Pixel pusher in Big Law.
07:09 PM on 08/06/2010
There is tons of 'secular' meditation out there. Besides, no matter where you learn meditation - a ashram, a yoga class, a catholic study group, or your doctor bio feedback class, it is as secular as you, personally make it.
11:12 AM on 08/07/2010
Name one secular meditation that is devoid of religious connections.
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goldenchoirboy
04:22 PM on 08/07/2010
Meditation "is as secular as you, personally make it." That's right. How can anyone tell me what my own personal thoughts about my meditation are? How can anyone deduce, without knowing me or personally asking me my beliefs, that I am involved in a religious practice? As TM is taught, it is a secular, non-religious practice. Why? Because learning and practicing involves no teaching about God, no worship of anyone or anything, no dogma or belief system. TM is not "Hinduism for Westerners" (another common myth). If the TM technique were "Hinduism," it would involve worship of Hindu deities. It does not. If TM were Hinduism, that would mean that if you studied the various practices engaged in by Hindus around the world, you'd find millions of Hindus in India and elsewhere practicing a meditation technique identical or similar to TM. But the only Hindus practicing TM or anything close to it are those who learned it from Maharishi or his teachers, because TM cannot be derived from Hinduism. It is totally unlike any form of common mantra meditation practiced in India or elsewhere. Someone could make it a religion, just as you could turn picking strawberries into a religion (perhaps thinking "I am closer to God whenever I pick strawberries"). But inherently, neither strawberry picking or TM are religious practices. What we call "TM" today was long lost, even in India, but revived by Maharishi and systematized to give consistent, testable results.
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Weirdwriter
03:10 AM on 08/07/2010
TM was basically Hinduism for Westerners.

Having a religious element is not, necessarily, a bad thing -- the Native American "death dance" was, after all, also a religious ritual.
11:20 AM on 08/07/2010
They also screamed alot in battle, something that Europeans didn't do. I wonder how much that could promote PTSD, or shall I say, maybe not screaming or having certian ceremonies can contribute to PTSD. Having to sit and control yourself in battle might be bottling up those hormones that need to be expelled, and get expelled later, (think Martin Sheen in his hotel room of Apocalypse Now.
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goldenchoirboy
04:34 PM on 08/07/2010
"Hinduism for Westerners?" That reminds me of "Zen for Westerners." But TM is an authentic, timeless Vedic technique for effortless transcending, and it works on universal principles (the nature of the human mind) common to all people everywhere -- East and West. Please see my comment above.

TM "was?" ...over 300,000 school kids have learned in the past 3 years. TM is going strong, with more and more research studies coming out every year. The NIH just gave another 2 million for scientists to further the body of research supporting TM's effectiveness -- that's $26 million over the past 18 years.
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washlib
02:43 PM on 08/06/2010
How could an acting soldier meditate, come to terms with their own universality and spirit nature..and still go out acting as a killing machine? They can't.

Meditation imho would cause our c0rp0ratist soldiers to leave in droves. I have a lot of respect for the people of the armed forces, just not it's overall c0rp0ratist intent. The armed forces of America are no longer about defence, only economic hegemony. Try to deny it.

However, this does make a lot of sense to veterans dealing with ptsd, and their families.
05:44 PM on 08/07/2010
You do not understand meditation. Spirit only comes into it if you bring it in with you.
11:59 AM on 08/06/2010
in 1985 a study with some Vietnam veterans proved that Transcendental meditation ( TM ) as taught by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi is effective against PTSD

the VA paid for instruction in TM for some time

not enough follow up was done in funding more studies etc

recently a small study with 10 soldiers [ Dr Sarina Grosswald , maybe Dr N. Rosenthal or Dr stixrud ] found TM relievs PTSD and improves life

it would be good for people concerned about people's mental health to accept TM as the most efffective remedy

studies have shown mindfullness meditation is not better than placebo similaryly psychotherapy and medication are not effective against TRAUMATIC stress

i will be a great day when western prejudice and arrogance against TM ends

Naparstek is obviously enthusiastic about what she is doing but so is the Pope
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Belleruth Naparstek
Psychotherapist, author, guided imagery pioneer
12:40 PM on 08/07/2010
Doesn't have to be either /or. Lots of things help. EMDR helps. Thought Field Therapy helps. Somatic Experiencing helps. Prolonged exposure therapy helps, when people stick with the protocol. Straight relaxation can be useful.
Anything that works to reduce the suffering of our service people is fine with me..
A study with 10 soldiers isn't statistically stable enough to prove anything - just promising and needing follow up.
Guided imagery got gangbuster results at Duke/Durham VAMC, but one study had only 52 subjects and another 20 - compelling, exciting, but not enough to be unassailable, research-wise. We need at least 100 to nail this. We're working on it.
In the meantime, whatever helps - TM, guided imagery, who cares?
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goldenchoirboy
04:36 PM on 08/07/2010
The emerging scientific paradigm in meditation research is that all meditation techniques do not give the same results. They naturally engage the mind in different ways and have different effects. This explains: http://www.mum.edu/cbcc/categories.html
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khanti
Cultivator
11:29 PM on 08/08/2010
Right understanding is important. What ever retained in our memory is a learning experience.
Our emotional reaction to our fear and horror is instinctively registered in our memory as a learning experience primarily for life preservation. Our memories is in the past and become our referrences for our perceptions and decision making. The strong emotions attached to those memories suppose to help us protect our lives often become a hindrance.
A child playing with fire for the first time gets burn. He react emotionally to the pain and this become a learning experience for the rest of his life so as to avoid the same action.
The mind sometimes become oveloaded with such emotions and need to discharge them in dreams and nightmares. If you are interested to know more, then you need to sift to my past comments. I also commented on a similar post in HuffPo on PTSD some time back and advocated meditation as a method of healing.
07:23 PM on 08/12/2010
One can't approach "TM" simplistically. There are *two* meanings to the term “TM”. There is “TM the meditation”, which is what everyone talks about. But there is also “TM the dogmatic spiritual sect”, which is a cult. Some people who stay at the 20x2 level of involvement and may enjoy benefits. But some of those who learn the technique will end up in the sect. Those who become involved in the sect may practice TM for six hours a *day*! Heavy involvement in the sect negates any benefits obtained from 20×2. In fact, significant psychological damage is a possible outcome. There are several former heavily involved TMers blogging here: http://tmfree.blogspot.com. I offer my own elaboration of this topic here: http://www.suggestibility.org.