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Bernard-Henri Lévy

Bernard-Henri Lévy

Posted: February 15, 2011 10:57 AM

The fall of Mubarak; this unarmed, pacific crowd, risking death to bring down a deadly regime; this demonstration of power by men and women proving, once again, that there is only one superpower in this world, that of the people gathered together; the grandeur of these people finding the source of unimaginable energy in "fusion" (Sartre) and, in "hope" (the other John Paul, Wojtyla), the invitation to "fear" no longer. The apparition, out of nowhere or, more precisely, out of a space believed to be merely virtual, that of the social networks of the web, of this new agora that was, for 18 days, Tahrir Square in Cairo; these responsible, republican demands, moderate and on a human scale; this absence of lyrical illusions; this astonishing political maturity that also seems to have sprung from nowhere--except, again, from the web; even more striking, this discretion of Islamic agitators who initially remained silent, then reluctantly rallied to the movement, only to try, at the last moment, hand in hand with Suleiman, to plaster over a regime in the process of disintegration; the fact, again, that all this occurred, for the first time in modern Arab history, without a single anti-American or anti-Western slogan, without the burning of an Israeli flag, without dragging out the worn out slogans about the "Zionist" origins of all the plagues of Egypt; the incredible spectacle, then, of these demonstrators who, once having gotten rid of the tyrant, had the civic, citizen's, city dweller's reflex to clean up the place where they had besieged him, telling the world, in effect, that 'clearing away the old order is not an abstract slogan, the clearing away starts here, now, in the lives and in the minds of each of us'--all this constitutes one of the most moving political sequences I have ever lived through. Whatever happens, there is a stock of indelible images that call to mind those of the revolutions of the year of grace 1989; it is the mark of this marvel the French Christian philosopher Maurice Clavel called an Event and that no fear, no reservations, no sombre foreboding should, for the moment, dissuade one from applauding.

That said, it is one thing to salute, to celebrate, to embrace the summer dawn of this Egyptian spring in winter, to say and repeat, as I have for weeks, that a page of the History of the region, hence of the world, is being turned, and that one should rejoice without misgivings. But it is quite another to do one's job by trying to be not, as the media put it, "partners" of the event, but its demanding witnesses, asking the same questions that, at the moment I write, the wisest and most lucid Egyptian democrats are posing.

The first of these questions is that of the events subsequent to the movement. To continue in a Sartrian vein, what happens to a group in fusion that falls back into inertia? What happens to this order on earth that, as another revolutionary--Mao Zedong--said, always ends up succeeding disorder on earth? The price of this succession? Vengeance or none, of what is real, and of its prose? The ruse, or not, of History that, as Marx said, has more imagination than men? And what should one think, for example, of the declarations of Ayman Nur, the leader of Hizb al Ghad and historic figure of the oppositon who, when the Supreme Council of the Army announced that "the international pacts and treaties" would be respected, declared he was in favour of a revision of the treaty with Israel?

The second question concerns the Muslim Brotherhood who, I repeat, were conspicuous in their absence during the uprising but of whom nothing indicates that they will not attempt to hijack it after the fact, like the fox in La Fontaine's fable. Moreover, there is no evidence that confirms that they have undergone the profound change described by the distinguished Islamologists who, for the past thirty years, have strung together blunders and errors of analysis, one after another. For, what, precisely, does the leadership of the Brotherhood say? What do they reveal of their deep-seated ideology and their project for society? Have they renounced Sharia? Taken their distance from Hamas? And where are things with Sayyid Qutb, modern theoretician of Jihad who simultaneously serves, until we are otherwise informed, as their principle intellectual guide?

The third question, then, concerns the army that has assumed the direction of operations since the fall of the Raïs and whose professions of faith in democracy everyone seems to take at face value. Must one point out that this is the same army, commanded by the same generals, which, for the past 58 years, has been the backbone of the contemptible regime? Must one be reminded that, for decades, major NGOs such as Amnesty International have unceasingly denounced the brutality and the repeated violations of human rights of this army? Can one actually be certain that we are dealing with an army like that of Atatürk, or of Portugal's Carnation Revolution in 1974? And should one completely rule out the hypothesis of an Egypt that, at the end of the day, may find itself with a government that, civilian or not, is a variation of the regime installed long ago by Nasser, the bases of which, fundamentally, will not have changed?

Asking these questions does not amount to raining on anyone's parade or, even less, insulting the future. It is offering a modest contribution to a revolution that is only in its first act. What follows, obviously, concerns not only Egypt, but the world.

 
 
 
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04:01 AM on 02/18/2011
Bernard Henry Levy is heavily criticized in France now as he was against both the Egyptian and Tunisian revolutions (in both cases he said is_lamists would take power before the outcome). Also the French media revealed his ties with North African and middle east autocrats including the queen of jordan. In my opinion he is not a reliable source
07:45 PM on 02/15/2011
Strip away all the soaring rhetoric--and what does Egypt have?

Martial law, an unelected military government, and a destabilized region ripe for expanded manipulation, war and bloodshed.

Sounds more like a victory for MI-5 than a victory for democracy.
ThatsTheTheWayItIs
religion, ideology, partisanship are delusional
08:37 PM on 02/15/2011
The US was briefly a military dictatorship too. After defeat of Brits, before election of Washington.
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06:49 PM on 02/15/2011
We should always question the future, our role in it and our contribution to the generations to come. Always. Every single one of us.
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artleads
Let's have a national retreat.
08:47 PM on 02/15/2011
Ditto!
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04:47 PM on 02/15/2011
"since the fall of the Israel's favorite tyrant and the Israeli professions of faith in democracy everyone seems to take at face value. Must one point out that this is the same IDF army, commanded by the same pro-settlement generals, which, for the past 64 years, has been the backbone of the contemptible occupation? Must one be reminded that, for decades, major NGOs such as Amnesty International have unceasingly denounced the brutality and the repeated violations of human rights of this army?"
Thelonius
Lived in Middle East for
04:09 PM on 02/15/2011
Regarding the Muslim Brotherhood. Let's check in with an expert:

Ynet News - February 11, 2011
By Yitzhak Benhorin


EXCERPT:
"WASHINGTON – US Director of National Intelligence James Clapper said during a House Intelligence Committee hearing Thursday that Egypt’s branch of the Muslim Brotherhood movement was 'a very heterogeneous group, largely secular, which has eschewed violence and has decried al-Qaeda as a perversion of Islam.'

"Clapper, who heads the organization commanding 16 American intelligence and investigation agencies, told the committee that the Muslim Brotherhood 'have pursued social ends, a betterment of the political order in Egypt, et cetera….. There is no overarching agenda, particularly in pursuit of violence, at least internationally.'

"...the Brotherhood in Egypt runs 29 hospitals 'not under the guise of an extremist agenda.' ”
03:47 PM on 02/15/2011
The military have benefited immensily under Mubaraks regime, in fact it has been asserted they are the regime

http://www.calgaryherald.com/Stanway+Class+still+control+egypt/4284573/story.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/feb/15/egyptian-army-hijacking-revolution-fear

http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2011%2F02%2F12%2FBU1V1HLVP6.DTL

As the calgary herald points out:
mention this to make what seems to me an important point amid all the heady talk of a democratic revolution on the banks of the Nile: This class of '73, the Soviet-trained military officers who have run things in Egypt for the past 30 odd years, are still running things.

Mubarak has gone to his palace by the Mediterranean, and the man who was originally tipped to be his replacement, Suleiman, was bypassed for Tantawi -supposedly a more acceptable face on what is clearly the same old military dictatorship.
One report I saw recently suggested the military now controls as much as 40 per cent of Egypt's economy, which is likely an exaggeration. But it points to a fact that is rarely mentioned in reports about Egypt's possible evolution into a modern democracy -the socialist-style economic control exerted by the ruling military clique




http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2011%2F02%2F12%2FBU1V1HLVP6.DTL
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Amr Abouelleil
Egyptian-American and proud of both!
01:54 PM on 02/15/2011
Of the Muslim Brotherhood, Levy states, "but of whom nothing indicates that they will not attempt to hijack it after the fact." I think Levy has failed to do some honest research. They have, in fact, stated they will not put forward a candidate for election, and they do not want to dominate the political process. If Levy simply doesn't believe them, that is all well and good, but he should simply state it, rather than say there are no indications that they will not attempt to hijack the revolution.

Source: http://www.nationalreview.com/egypt-watch/259350/breaking-muslim-brotherhood-says-it-will-not-field-presidential-candidate-matthew
12:49 PM on 02/15/2011
Considering the authors long time support for the Egyptian dictatorship I would suggest that most people are seeing through his claimed celebration

Even earlier this year he was writing about how he wanted Egypt to join up with all the various arab dictators against Iran.
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01:24 PM on 02/15/2011
It took a whole three long paragraphs "in a Sartrian vein" to bring in the bogey man, the MUUUUUUSLIM Brotherhood who "were conspicuous in their absence during the uprising .."

Maybe because the MB is out of touch with the real forces behind the revolution. And maybe because they have much less real support than their organization would let us think. Maybe because the MB is an anachronism on the Egyptian street and for those under 40.
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01:43 PM on 02/15/2011
Exactly, he is a phony.
12:49 PM on 02/15/2011
The Muslin Brotherhood will be the problem and yes they are calling for Shria law. God help us.
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02:12 PM on 02/15/2011
Here comes the Islamaphobes!

"rchham
Member Since January 2010

Does the New "Free" Egypt Mean Freedom for Gays & Lesbians There?

Commented Feb 15, 2011 at 12:52:33 in World

“It might until the Muslin Brotherhoo­d takes over and then look out! They believe in a good stoning or two and gays lesbians are not welcome. They will need to leave, hide or they will kill them.”

Questions About the Egyptian Revolution

Commented Feb 15, 2011 at 12:49:07 in World

“The Muslin Brotherhoo­d will be the problem and yes they are calling for Shria law. God help us.

Jon Stewart Mocks Fox News' Response To Egypt's Revolution (VIDEO)

Commented Feb 15, 2011 at 11:51:15 in Comedy

“They are called The Muslin Brotherhoo­d! That is the problem and for all those with their heads in the sand, I should be able to say "I told you so" in about a year or less.

Fox News' Liz Trotta Slams Anderson Cooper's Egypt Coverage (VIDEO)

Commented Feb 14, 2011 at 13:56:47 in Media

“Wow, another person who actually thinks this will be a great outcome for women and the west. Wait for awhile and you will see the Muslin Brotherhoo­d take control - they helped organizing it and are now moving forward with their goals. Women of the world unite! Stop Sharia law!”
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03:45 PM on 02/15/2011
Oh no, big bad Sharia Law in Egypt, what will we do?

Wait, Sharia already existed for Muslims, well let's still try to fearmonger anyway! SHAARRIAA!!!

"Sharia law in Egypt applies only in personal status issues - such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, and custody of children. Otherwise the legal system is entirely a secular one, on the model of the French legal system.

Egypt incorporates Islamic law into its constitution by making Islam the official religion of the country and Islamic jurisprudence the principal source of legislation.

Sharia courts and judges, qadis, are run and licensed by the Egyptian Ministry of Justice, not by mosques.

Islamists in Egypt are pressing for Sharia law to be applied in all areas of the legal system.

A non-religious Supreme Court operates above the Sharia personal status courts and the secular criminal courts.

Religious minorities in Egypt are governed under separate personal status laws and courts.

Coptic Christians in Egypt marry under Christian law, and foreigners marry under the laws of their countries of origin. "

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7235357.stm
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jeanrenoir
10:43 PM on 02/15/2011
Maybe if the Republicans take back the White House, and the neocons therefore get to run the Pentagon again, the neocons will launch wars against not just Iran but Iran AND Egypt, since no price in American trillions in debt to China and American blood is too high if it maintains "stability in the region" for Israel. And to hell with what the Egyptians themselves think anyway. Israel hasn't cared for thirty years under their hand-picked dictator Mubarak, paid off by us, why should they care now, or for the next thirty?
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12:48 PM on 02/15/2011
Thanks Dr. Levy for this analysis, can you say something about the "Goldstone Report?"
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Freenation
12:57 PM on 02/15/2011
or his earlier article suggesting BDS against Israel is crap...go figure
01:54 PM on 02/15/2011
Dr?

I don't think so. I believe he has a basic philosophy degree, no doctorate
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04:51 PM on 02/15/2011
I don't know, he has a lot of support from academics.

Early essays, such as Le Testament de Dieu or L'Idéologie française faced strong rebuttals, from noted intellectuals such as historian Pierre Vidal-Naquet, philosophers Cornelius Castoriadis, Raymond Aron and Gilles Deleuze, who called Lévy's methods "vile".[14] Their most common accusation towards Lévy is of him being one-sided and, ultimately, shallow as a thinker. Vidal-Naquet went as far as saying: "BHL's intellectual dishonesty is properly unfathomable".

Critics of Lévy include French journalists Jade Lindgaard and Xavier de la Porte who wrote a biography of the philosopher. They claimed that "In all his works and articles, there is not a single philosophical proposition." The book is contested, however, and Lévy sought legal action against the authors."

http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard-Henri_Lévy?wasRedirected=true
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artleads
Let's have a national retreat.
12:41 PM on 02/15/2011
I couldn't agree more. I'd like to see more coverage of Egypt by HP. Please don't let this story fade away like Haiti. What happens (or doesn't happen) in Egypt depends on what each of us do (or fail to do) for a long time to come. We must all gird ourselves up spiritually and intellectually for the long road ahead.
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12:40 PM on 02/15/2011
Your raise good questions; you point out history. Now we are watching the emergence of revolution played out in modern times, perhaps with more modern thinkers.

I remain cautious. I remain hopeful.
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11:56 AM on 02/15/2011
Egyptians to march to Rafah Crossing in support of oppressed Palestinians!

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/t/internationalegyptian-mar_37473423999516672.html
Thelonius
Lived in Middle East for
04:41 PM on 02/15/2011
Good news indeed!! An aspiring democratic Egypt can hardly support an illegal (i.e, in violation of the Fourth Geneva Convention - "collective punishment") and brutal siege/blockade of 1.5 million people deemed "belligerently occupied" under international law, 50% of whom are children.