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Beth Knobel

Beth Knobel

Posted: February 11, 2011 10:39 AM

It's great news for those of us who worked at CBS News to see one of our own back at the helm. I have high hopes that Jeff Fager, the immensely talented 60 Minutes chief who has just been elevated to the newly created post of chairman of CBS News, can do something to stem the slide at the Tiffany network.

But it's not going to easy. I don't want to single out the troubles of CBS News, because I still work there from time to time as a freelancer. But the current state of journalism in this country is pretty bleak. Economic pressures and budget cuts mean that these days, many media outlets simply aren't doing a very good job of covering the news. It's not unusual today to see foreign news covered by a correspondent who is thousands of miles from where the news is happening. Too many journalists are satisfied with parroting wire service copy instead of doing original reporting. And there's just too little watchdog journalism... the kind of reporting that may take weeks or months and thousands of dollars to accomplish, but is one of journalism's most important civic functions.

But that's not the worst of it.

No, the real problem lies in the two vicious cycles this trend creates. The first of these is the drop-off effect: As the quality of news outlets suffers, readers find themselves with still less incentive to seek out those outlets' content. The natural result is that circulations and ratings diminish even further. This loss of audience puts even more downward pressure on funding, which in turn continues to reduce the quality of the reporting, which further alienates readers and viewers...and so on.

The second of these cycles -- the knowledge gap -- is more insidious, but it's one I've found hard to ignore in my hours spent teaching journalism at Fordham University since leaving full-time employment at CBS News in 2006. I've found that too many young and aspiring reporters don't really know what journalism actually means -- much less how to actually go about the process of creating original, high-quality reporting. And who can blame them? When there are so few examples of real journalism out there these days, it's easy to understand why young people today might think that journalism consists of rewriting the Internet, or be baffled about how to embark on a worthy path in their own journalism careers.

How do we solve those problems? Part of the solution lies in coming up with new economic models to support quality journalism. But another part of it is much simpler: despite the terrible economic pressures they're facing, organizations and journalists that create high-quality, original reporting will become standouts in this environment. They'll pull in awards, acclaim, and readers, and escape the downward spiral that might engulf them otherwise.

Proof: 60 Minutes, which has managed under Jeff Fager's leadership to continue to do hard-hitting reporting, which has kept the show relevant and drawn viewers. The show is still in the top 10 after more than 40 years, because it has the resources and influence to do reports that others can't. Scott Pelley, the marvelous correspondent for 60 Minutes, told me that he spent more than $200,000 to report about atrocities in Darfur. That report, which won an Emmy, is exactly the kind of journalism that keeps 60 Minutes must-see TV.

More proof: Rolling Stone magazine has seen its circulation creep up in the past two years when most others' has been tanking, thanks to aggressive, groundbreaking reporting by the likes of Michael Hastings and Matt Taibbi. Theirs are the kinds of stories that win awards, that readers recommend to friends and family members... and that make Rolling Stone subscribers feel that they're getting something in return for their hard-earned cash, a sensation that's all too rare among magazine readers these days.

But what about the other part of the equation: making sure that today's generation of aspiring journalists is empowered to help fight this downward trend in the coming years? Put simply, how do we ensure that tomorrow's journalists have the skills and understanding needed to do groundbreaking reporting? By trying to get the very best journalists to tell them how it should be done.

And that's where Mike Wallace comes in.

Recently, I had the honor of collaborating with the legendary 60 Minutes star in writing a guidebook aimed at young journalists. Our book, Heat and Light, was written in the hope that we could help educate budding reporters on how to do journalism right. Our idea was to produce a readable, concise book that crystallizes the best practices in the business, and passes on some of the techniques that made Mike's storied career so remarkable. After all, Mike may be retired now, but arguably no living journalist has had as long or as meaningful a career -- or is more worth emulating.

While Mike has written two memoirs, he's never before explained his views on how journalism should actually be practiced. And as a CBS News producer-turned-journalism professor, I knew first-hand exactly which questions students most need answered, and how radically their experiences with today's media differed from best practices. So Mike and I created this guide for anyone who's starting out. We culled our own experiences, and incorporated tips from two dozen other people, including journalists like Scott Pelley and the top editors of the New York Times and Washington Post. And we try to help budding reporters not only by explaining those key concepts in journalism, but by providing step-by-step instructions young journalists can use as they prepare stories.

Why the title Heat and Light? Mike says the best journalism contains both what he calls heat -- meaning emotion and drama -- and light -- meaning fresh information. And it's the combination of both heat and light in a story that makes it truly great. In fact, that very combo has been the secret formula to the long-term success of 60 Minutes. And if Jeff Fager can work his magic and focus the whole news division on creating reports with Mike Wallace's sense of heat and light, it may just be what pulls CBS News out of the doldrums.

Beth Knobel is assistant professor of communication and media studies at Fordham University in New York. Before that, she was an Emmy-award winning producer for CBS News in Moscow. For more information on the book, please go to www.heatandlight.org, or join our group "Heat and Light" on Facebook.

 
 
 
It's great news for those of us who worked at CBS News to see one of our own back at the helm. I have high hopes that Jeff Fager, the immensely talented 60 Minutes chief who has just been elevated to...
It's great news for those of us who worked at CBS News to see one of our own back at the helm. I have high hopes that Jeff Fager, the immensely talented 60 Minutes chief who has just been elevated to...
 
 
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12:58 AM on 02/13/2011
I guess he passed on all of his conservative wisdom to Fox's Chris Wallace.
05:02 PM on 02/12/2011
A good example of journalism that was more heat than light was evident in the runup to the year 2000. Many, I think perhaps most, of the stories I read and heard about the “Millennium Bug” tended to overemphasize end-of-days scenarios. I have no doubt that a great many problems were averted by the last minute scramble to prepare for this entirely predictable event (i.e. 1/1/2000) but even so, I doubted that the error handling capacity in most of these programs was so poor that they would all simply freeze, as was widely suggested. And of course, a lot of types of software did not give a rat’s posterior what day or year it actually was except perhaps to produce a file creation date.

Some stories suggested that just about anything that contained a microprocessor (automobiles were cited in one article) would, like Cinderella’s carriage, become useless at the stroke of midnight, New Year, 2000. There were other opinions of course, but it appeared to me that a great many journalists flocked to the more sensational ones.
03:04 PM on 02/12/2011
News was never intended to be a profit center in the media world. When it became one most notably 60 Minutes the days of unrestricted journalism were numbered. It became about ratings. Foreign news stories generally do badly, do a piece on a new diet the ratings rise. Stories that break political correctness, such as modern day African slavery run by Africans, or hold CEOs feet to fire about their pay will result in either boycotts or pulling ads.
We need to get journalism completely out of the commercial realm, it should be a budget item that insists on affirmative action, so it represents all communities, leave the stories about dieting, crime and movie star shenanigans to the commercial media. Before anyone says NPR, they are sponsored by Foundations who do have a political mission.....
The BBC does this they are constantly criticized, they make mistakes but there are few Brits who would have it any other way..... I can already hear the screaming State run media... this is not the Soviet Union... yeh..but is just the News the sponsors want to hear any better
09:08 AM on 02/12/2011
The title of their book "Heat and Light", shows exactly the problem with today's journalism. As explained in the article, the "Heat" portion of the title refers to what the authors call "emotion and drama", while "Light" refers to information.
"Heat" is the problem. When "emotion and drama" are incorporated in a journalism piece, the reporters own views, bias's, opinions are shown. This is fine for editorial pieces, but not for standard reporting, which is what I believe the problem with journalism is today. Journalists today seem uninterested in the 5 W's, but rather their interpretation of the event, which again is more editorialism than reporting. I read recently the most popular stated goal of young journalists' reason for going into journalism school was "I want to change the world". Activism, not journalism is what we get today.
02:54 PM on 02/12/2011
It seems to me that responsible news reporting is a bit like conducting scientific research. It is fine for the experimenter to be passionate in their love of inquiry, and even to care whether or not a proposed cure for cancer, for example, actually succeeds, but he or she is obliged to take care and procedural measures to keep bias and advocacy out of the study. It should also be OK to chose a story that some segment of the public cares about, or even to show them why they should care. However, too many stories on the news simply seek emotional reaction to "capture eyeballs" irrespective of journalistic merit, pursuing a lot more heat than light.

The news will follow reaction to a candidate's single imprudent or ambiguous remark for days, pushing to the periphery (to the extent is is discussed at all) the candidate's related historical positions, the details (if any) of what the candidate proposes, and the often documentable degree of accuracy of what is said. I sometimes see separate "Truth Squad" breakout boxes, but not so many adult questions about the problems we are actually obliged to solve.
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Steve MajerusCollins
President, Youth Journalism International
08:12 AM on 02/12/2011
That many young people have little idea what real journalism is can't be argued. Television is awash with nonsense masquerading as journalism and so, too, is the internet. But there are also examples of great reporting around, probably more than ever. They're just too often overlooked in a media landscape that's crowded with crud.
I do want to say, though, that Youth Journalism International -- www.youthjournalism.org -- is devoted to training the next generation to be a whole lot better. It has student reporters in more than 40 countries and has done some topnotch stuff over the years, including Jessica Elsayed's dispatches from Egypt throughout its revolution.
But Youth Journalism International, a nonprofit in Connecticut, is usually just another overlooked gem.
What's needed more than anything is to have more sites devoted to finding and showcasing the stellar work that regularly slips through the fissures of the global media landscape. The Huffington Post sometimes does pretty well at unearthing new sources of information, but it usually doesn't. And few other sites try at all.
In the meantime, everyone who cares about journalism would do well to support outposts such as Youth Journalism International that are trying to make sure the next generation has a good handle on what it means to be a reporter.
02:38 AM on 02/12/2011
I gradually lost interest and stopped watching TV news several years ago, the main exception being Frontline on PBS. Frontline is remarkably consistent in production of relevant stories prepared in a good deal of depth. Otherwise I find that print gives me broader, better information, delivered on the schedule I choose by the Internet, from which I can draw on multiple news sources from around the world.

I worry about what will continue to support those sources and so I subscribe to the local newspaper more to support that industry than to use as a principal news source. Obviously that is not enough. I want and need news that makes a difference in my life, and/or in the lives of others. A lot of TV and published "news" doesn't actually make all that much difference; or while it may point to portentous circumstances, does not offer much of a basis for understanding.
02:34 AM on 02/12/2011
I am so thankful I grew up in a era of great news reporting.Next to a Good teacher (one who teaches a child how to learn) and a good reporter (one who keeps the masses informed) these are gatekeepers to a free society. Protect the Press or pay the price....
01:57 AM on 02/12/2011
Flipping through the news channels on Friday 11 February, I watched the events in Egypt unfold. In doing so, I also saw the whole spectrum of journalism; from seasoned reporters to the rip-and-readers. Unfortunately, looking back on the day's coverage, a lot of what the cable news channels presented was rehashed copy from the hour before. Reworded copy -- if it is not rewritten with fresh information -- is not news. It is simply the same thoughts over and over again. That's what modern journalism has become. Spruced-up leftovers.
But after 18 days of marathon coverage in Cairo, Mubarak's decision to step down tested all journalist's understanding of the tentative relationships penetrating the Middle East. It is on days like this when it is so painfully obvious that most of the journalists today really could learn a lesson from the journalistic forces that came before them.
11:08 PM on 02/11/2011
The dumbing of America has come to fruition. Just watch your local news.
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GoldwaterKid
Vote Person, Not Party
11:00 PM on 02/11/2011
60 Minutes and all the talk forums of the 70's, 80's and 90's were so informing and educational. Never did you wonder what party they were in, and how they 'leaned' in politics.

It was history, and people and comparisons, and you the person got to decide what you thought.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Venicelady
Ignorance is NOT bliss.
02:08 AM on 02/12/2011
I yearn for the reporters and journalists of those days.

Can we bring those types of reporters BACK somehow?
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10:32 PM on 02/11/2011
I miss the days when the news reported the facts, no left or right slant to the story just the facts.. It showed respect to the viewer by saying here are the facts you have a brain and are capable of thought.. Not like most news today they are trying to convince you their opinon is best you just sit back and let us do your thinking...
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skatscan
02:42 AM on 02/12/2011
The downfall started when right wingers started persistently all news as having a liberal bias. If it reports the facts, Conservatives took it as an attack on them. It wasn't always the case of course but soon the conservative bosses started putting pressure on reporters to be friendly to the cause and reporters themselves tried to "balance" themselves to not appear biased.

Soon the quality of journalism slipped enough that opinion based "news" became the norm and we just look at news as being geared towards selective audiences without questioning whether we're getting the truth.
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01:43 PM on 02/12/2011
I don't care who started it.. It has become either a political forum or entertainment... It is not news.
09:27 PM on 02/11/2011
We still have his awesome son on Fox News Sunday.
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Marvin Hadley Jr
Blinding Insight
07:51 PM on 02/11/2011
Brilliant analysis. There are few real journalists on cable TV. Most, unlike an R. Engle, do not have the domain knowledge or any fact-analysis skill. They can barely report what they see, not to mention understand the background. Further, such as the readers (hardly journos) on the cable channels during most of the day, they think we are interested in what they think. Many have problems with the basic workings of government, politics, and industry. They just bloviate. In this yawning gap where knowlege and know-how are absent, the smart, analytical, articulate blogger can have some real impact and endure.

Another problem is that, with editors thinned out or just missing (Wash. Post is the top example), all of the gaps in knowledge and skill of fledgling reporters is gratingly apparent. The Metro section of the Post is awful, and the national news coverage is a shadow of its former self, with weakness painfully visible.
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Hoc Equidem
07:50 PM on 02/11/2011
I miss real news. The lead story on my local station last night was about which cell phone was best. Excuse me? There is revolution in Egypt, war in Afghanistan, whatever the he!l we're still doing in Iraq, high unemployment, banks and bankers that have robbed us of billions if not trillions and the best lead story this station could find was about cell phones? I'm sick to death of pap. I'm sick to death of the foibles so called celebrities being included as news. I’m sick to death of a handful of corporate interests being allowed to own as much of the media as its does. Why are media giants allowed to merge and control more and more of what passes for news each year? Where the hell is the FCC? Does anyone still work at the FCC? Are they paying attention? Or just collecting paychecks until they are offered positions by the very corporations they are suppose to be overseeing? But I digress…maybe there is still hope for actual journalism. That would be nice. I miss real news.
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Gentleman Agitator
"...morality is, in fact, hidden in everything.."
08:59 PM on 02/11/2011
Hear! Hear! f and f.
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Genius
Nothing is more dangerous than sincere ignorance
03:30 AM on 02/12/2011
Thanks Hoc Equidem, I'm with you.
The basic question is who gets to put all of this crap out there? End of story.
News flash, 10 killed on I81, details at 11:00...Stay tuned for the details... Oh, even better than that. A boil water advisory is posted for "whatever county you live in", details at 11:00.
It is downright criminal that they get away with this BS.
Arrgh, it's just insane ↨ . Which way is up?
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Carl Caroli
Give peace a chance
06:20 PM on 02/11/2011
Mega-corp ownership of so called news organizations filters reporting through the eyes of their management. Old time anchors gained the trust and respect of the people by telling the truth, not the views of their owners and sponsors. We have no such anchors today because the owners do not want someone bigger than life, they want someone they can control.
07:17 PM on 02/11/2011
Perfectly stated. F&F. In the wake of the elimintation of the Fairness Doctrine under Reagan; one by one the network news divisions rolled up under the entertainment divisions where they now reside, pandering to the whims of their advertisers. Quasi-intellectual FOXes.
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10:57 PM on 02/11/2011
And CNN, MSNBC, NBC, ABC AND CBS, the whole alphabet.....They all have an agenda... That is why I watch BBC to get a view from outside.