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Bill Baccaglini

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The "Aging Out" Dilemma Plaguing the Foster Care System

Posted: 09/25/11 09:55 AM ET

Imagine that because you've been abused or neglected as a child, you've spent the first 21 years of your life separated from your biological family, bouncing from one foster home to another and changing schools every few years. At 21-years-old, you have never paid rent, bought your own groceries or managed your own expenses.

With an education that's spotty at best, and no family or other support systems in place, you're told that you're now an adult and responsible for functioning in the world on your own. Would you be able to do it?

That is precisely the situation facing many young adults who age out of our child welfare system. And while outgoing ACS Commissioner Mattingly did a tremendous job on many fronts, he would probably agree that the "aging out" population is one that still requires urgent attention. As new Commissioner Richter takes over the agency, this would be an excellent time to take a fresh look at how we serve - or fail - these young people.

While local statistics are hard to come by for a population no longer under the city's care, nationally, one in four of the 20,000 foster care youth who age out of the child welfare system each year are incarcerated within two years; one in five become homeless, only half graduate from high school. With more than 900 young people aging out in New York each year, these numbers reflect a real problem.

Under the current system, when young people in foster care turn 21, they have the rug pulled out from under them. They must sink or swim. But if they sink, we all pay a price. Unable to manage on their own, with none of the support systems in place that we all take for granted, all too often, they end up homeless, or turn to drugs and crime - all of which take a toll on government budgets and the quality of life in our communities.

Because of their life experiences some kids need more support than others - and they may need it for longer. A 21-year-old who has lived most of his life in either the child welfare system or a dysfunctional family setting is not at the same level emotionally or cognitively as other 21-year-olds. And as every parent knows, you can't set an arbitrary schedule for maturity.

As nervous as we may be to send our own children away to college, for example, we recognize that we could not have gotten them more ready simply by training them better or earlier. Most of the kids we're talking about are not going away to college; they may not have graduated high school. There are no teachers or mentors or parents they can call when run out of money or get into trouble. They're on their own and, for many of them, 21 is simply not old enough. And no amount of training or better programming by the child welfare system could have hastened their readiness. Because of their many pressing needs and challenges, they have not been the beneficiaries of structured or guided exposure to life experiences that naturally facilitates the maturation process.

What's the solution? First, we need more and better programs to prepare these kids for life on their own. Once they are on their own, they are likely to still need help with housing, jobs and enrolling in some form of academic or vocational higher education. They may also need social work or mental health assistance to deal with issues like parents coming out of prison or siblings with drug problems. For those kids, providing this kind of support until age 23 could mean the difference between a productive life and a life in the corrections system or a homeless shelter. These age appropriate programs that work beyond the system are a very good investment indeed.

At the same time, we need to make it clear that this support for young adults is temporary, and that the recipient must ultimately bear responsibility for his or her own success. These young people must stay enrolled in school and hold a job, even if part time. There must be high expectations, no free rides, and a path toward independence in a relatively short term.

For Hispanic youngsters today, we're seeing particular challenges, at least partly due to changing immigration trends. Many young immigrants, coming here from a variety of countries, do not have the generational, family and community support that has existed for previous immigrant groups. Whatever extended family they may have to fall back on may already be stretched thin. Combine lack of family with language barrier and overall cultural differences, and that child is at even greater risk.

Critics may argue that at some point we need to stop supporting these kids and cut them loose, and that 21 seems like a logical age. After all, we spend hundreds of thousands of dollars on each of these kids up until that point - When is enough enough? If release from the child welfare system is no more than a path toward a homeless shelter or a jail cell, what have we accomplished? If by creating short term programs to teach the necessary skills prior to turning 21 and by providing some additional support for a limited period of time afterwards, we can put that young adult on the path to a successful productive life. Isn't that worth it?

 
 
 
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01:08 AM on 10/12/2011
I believe Bill Baccaglini is right, more programs are needed, and programs are needed so that these foster kids who age out of the system don't sink. Programs should help aging out foster kids to prepare them for life on their own. It is essential, because when you're out on your own, for the very first time, it's almost certain that you will sink, if you don't have the proper supports to assist you and that can have much more affect on an individual experiencing it, than what the system really cares to believe or understand. I know because I went through it, and though I am years away from that experience, it has taken years for me to rise above what I went through it and to come up on top of it. I wrote a reflection/response piece to Bill's article on my blog-for further reading please visit- http://chrissymcfarlane.blogspot.com
Thank you!
07:19 PM on 09/26/2011
Thanks for your column! In many states, foster children "age out" of the child welfare system at age 18, when they are even more immature. Studies have shown that without support they are more likely to become homeless, less likely to complete even a high school diploma, more likely to spend time in jail or need continuing public assistance. In 1999, Youth Villages launched a community-based transitional living program designed to help these vulnerable children find success. Since then, we've helped more than 3,000 young people and recorded success rates higher than 80 percent. The program was founded and has continued through private donations, including support from The Day Foundation, which gave us a challenge grant of $42 million to expand our program last month. Former foster children deserve support so that they can have a successful transition to adult life. Our program does that. Please go to www.youthvillages.org to find out more. Connie Mills
03:27 PM on 09/26/2011
Thank you! This is such an important issue... I'd also recommend reading "All Grown Up" by Rosemary Avery of Cornell University. In her article, she challenges the idea of emphasizing purely educational or supportive services to teach youth to live independently. When I went to college, I had access to many family members when I needed some advice or new learning. In the same way, Dr. Avery suggests that we should be assisting youth to learn how to live interdependently rather than independently. As Unruh and Sider (2005) said, you can feed a person a fish, and you will feed her for a day; teach a person to fish, and you will feed her for a lifetime; however, in reality, this must be combined with equal access to the pond, which in this case might be ongoing access to social capital. I'd say the most important contribution any service can offer a youth aging out of care, is connecting them to a large team of supportive adults.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Bill Duckworth
It is a DOOZY
11:40 AM on 09/26/2011
Sounds like we are closer than I thought. But as I said a balance between WORK and Education should start early, long before 21. Kids can grow up as you say being more responsible because they choose education but earn cash too. Getting the life the family may or may not provide

But all of this presuposes the Business and greedy Stock Traders get on board with the betterment of mankind and not accumulation of wealth and cash

We both would have fun dong that. The worker is TAPPED OUT.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Bill Duckworth
It is a DOOZY
11:35 AM on 09/26/2011
I think you are RUSHING to judgement AND sentencing the young to a workers strife. Work, Work, Work for the Day is COMING.

I think not. Truely Motivation is a missing link just like how to study in our over spent Education system.

But rushing student into work is a longer life UNDER the YOKE to me.

I prefer letting the student HAVE FREE CHOICE to work when they are young and go to school when they are ready and motivated. Or have work be part of ecuation too.

In the mean time Education is like the MIC to me. Paying teacher to create their own wealth. Just like retired Military and Energy industries.
08:59 AM on 09/26/2011
The author does not provide statistics from groups of children that were not in foster care to compare. I point this out because I suspect that many children not in foster care have the same issues as though who have been in foster care. Until you pay rent, you haven't paid rent. Do most parents train their children to pay the rent? Nobody trained me to pay the rent. One day I wanted to live alone and off I went. At any rate, it isn't it just a matter of recognizing that they need some preparation before becoming independent and perhaps coaching an support afterwards. And that will be about the political will to do it.
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Leonard H
Family Rights
02:41 AM on 09/26/2011
At American Family Rights Association, we have a different view-

"For each child removed from an abusive home, SEVENTEEN are stolen for no good reason at all".

Then comes the character assassination done on the accused parents by the cps "investigator" (validator), where the accusation is the proof, "evidence" is created from the thin air, and EVERYBODY but the accused has immunity, even when caught bald faced lying.

Parents are held responsible for "Thought Crimes"- of the CPS agent. Whatever the CPS agent IMAGINES becomes a FACT when written up in her report. The colluding mental illness clinicians write reports that have no relationship to whatever "test" the accused might have taken.

This soap opera ends up in Family Court, which is neither Criminal court, nor is it Civil court. (See http://exm.nr/hfjvl9 ) Here, the accused enjoy none of his Constitutional Rights, nor Due Process.

The accused end up bankrupt, homeless, unemployed, and unemployable due to being put on the state Abuser List.

The children have NO FAMILY left.

The "state as parent" (parens patriae) has been a 100% failure- because bureaucracy isn't good at anything.

This is "The System" that lives in four year authorizations by Congress. Various pieces come up for "renewal" every year, and much as we try to get this Monster defunded, the Ultimate Pork Barrel Project passes with no resistance.

Leonard Henderson, co-founder
American Family Rights Association
http://familyrights.us
"Until Every Child Comes Home"©
"The Voice of America's Families"©
been2there
Facts have a liberal bias.
02:16 AM on 09/26/2011
It is really stupid to fail to prepare these kids--who are already hurting and angry--to cope with reality. It is no wonder that many end up in prison, and once that slide starts, it is nearly impossible to end--even with a support system. We throw money away when we should invest it.
01:55 AM on 09/26/2011
Absolutely. You have to groom young people for success especially foster kids who carry alot of extra emotional burden with them. I think all young people should be supported into their first job and maybe given 5 dress suits and a $5,000 bank account. We need to care for our young people so that they feel they always have an esteemed place in their family.
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realitytrumpsbull
Two 'alves of coconut!
01:04 AM on 09/26/2011
At what age should parental/government support be terminated? I read someplace that now, you can claim your kids on your taxes up to age 30 or so.  Whether you were raised at home, or in foster care, eventually you're going out the door to live on your own. How well-equipped are today's young people, after having spent 12 years in a public educational institution, and could you successfully supplant, support, or even just replace some of that with online education?
been2there
Facts have a liberal bias.
02:17 AM on 09/26/2011
What would really help public education is for students to value it. When teachers are so busy trying to prevent disruption that they can barely teach, everyone suffers. Students support those who steal their futures, and fight the teachers who are trying to help them succeed.
11:45 PM on 09/25/2011
Thank you for the post. This is definitely the type of conversations I joined Huff Post to engage in. I too have worked within and around Foster Youth and other at risk youth populations here in CA. I see that the empirical information that has been gathered regarding Foster/ Group Home youth best practices all lean towards identifying and implementing life skill programs. Where these initiatives all fall short is that in the real world it takes the guidance of a caring adult to navigate the many challenges as well as opportunities any 18-24 year old will face. Whats needed is a radical/reversal in the payment protocol for Transitional Services. In the US we need volunteers who are will to provide the mentoring and guidance these youth need. Payment/Reimbursement should center around supportive services, college/vocational/ career exploration, and most importantly paid work experience/internships. After age 18 the system needs to provide automatic section 8 housing for former foster youth until the age 24 with work or school as a requirement. In order for these youth to commit to these transitional services they have to believe that the caring adult is "not in it for the $$$." Everyone knows reassuring these youth that the adult in their life truly cares is the lynch-pin for increasing positive outcomes for foster youth receiving transitional service-when will the system respond.
05:10 PM on 09/25/2011
Part two of two

Mr. Baccaglini hides the failure of his and the other private agencies, of course, by stereotyping every parent who loses a child to foster care as having abused or neglected that child, with all of the horrors those words conjure. Far more common are cases in which family poverty is confused with “neglect” or in which an ACS caseworker tore apart a family just because she was terrified (for good reason) of what would happen to her if she left the child at home and something went wrong.

The only way we’ll ever really solve the problems of children “aging out” of foster care is by stopping so many from ever aging in. Yet, Mr. Baccaglini doesn’t mention the 50 percent surge in removals of children after the death of Nixzmary Brown, which only further overloaded the system, leaving less time to find children in real danger. There is much more about this on our Child Welfare Blog here: http://bit.ly/nBDNYU

Richard Wexler
Executive Director
National Coalition for Child Protection Reform
www.nccpr.org
05:09 PM on 09/25/2011
Part one of two:

In New York City, almost everything that happens to a child after he is removed from her or his parents is controlled by the private agency to whom that child is assigned. Though their power has, thankfully, waned somewhat in the last 20 years, these agencies still are the “permanent government” of New York City child welfare, to use the late Jack Newfield’s wonderful phrase. They are well-connected to the city’s business, civic, political and religious elite and, typically, they are paid for each day they hold a child in foster care. None of these agencies is more powerful than New York Foundling.

Yet now, having admitted the extent to which his agency and others have loused up the lives of the children who were their responsibility, the only solution Mr. Baccaglini can come up with is: Give us more money to try to fix what we did so much to break in the first place.

Richard Wexler
Executive Director
National Coalition for Child Protection Reform
www.nccpr.org
11:01 AM on 09/25/2011
You make a very important point cautiously. I worked with the Alliance for Foster Care in Los Angeles and am presently working with a psychologist to set up a home in Travis or Williams County, Texas, to house and support 'youth' who are no longer eligible for foster care. We are presently seeking sources of operational funding.

Back to your article and argument: The 'graduation' age in California was eighteen last time I checked and is seventeen in Texas. I had it on good authority that most foster kids who 'graduated' in LA County who had not been adopted by a family were dead within two years. As you said, they do not have the life or job skills to support themselves, especially in an America that has exported most of its semi-skilled jobs, and usually have unresolved serious emotional and mental issues. The situation is worse, if anything, in Texas, where the youth 'graduating' at 17 are largely at sea intellectually and emotionally. Most of the boys end up in prison. If you haven't read 'Texas Tough' about the Texas criminal justice system and its historic focus on punishing minority behavior I commend it to your attention. If you are interested in the systems in California or Texas please contact me at jon@eddison.us and I will be happy to put you in touch with people working with this population every day. It is only one of many ongoing national tragedies.
10:54 AM on 09/25/2011
Youth aging out of foster care don't need "more and better programs to prepare [them] for life on their own," they need connections to caring adults that will last a lifetime. Don't non-foster care youth learn "life skills" from their CAREgivers? Why should foster youth be any different? It's time to shift the conversation to RELATIONSHIP-BUILDING, and not continue to perpetuate the singular focus on life skills. These kids deserve more.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
mchcallow
Celebrating 145 years: 14th Amendment
12:31 PM on 09/25/2011
You see, that's exactly the problem. Not many folk sign up to do the RELATIONSHIP-BUILDING work with this population. Whil there are a number of folk who sign up to provide foster care services, they tend to bail out the moment the child ages out and the funds stop rolling in. The discussion of foster care also ignores the numbers of youth that wind up homeless and all but by pass this foster care system and end up in the streets. Many become entangled in the juvenile justice system for actions they take to survive while living on the streets (stealing, urinating in public spaces, selling and using drugs, and survival sex to name a few). Let's not forget that this pop of throwaway youth are mostly of color and many identify along the spectrum of identities that resist heterosexuality. In our current climate, I just don't see the RELATIONSHIP-BUILDING you describe going on. Do you?
06:14 PM on 09/25/2011
The paradigm is definitely beginning to shift toward relationship-building, as more and more people realize such relationships are key among an array of factors that foster resilience and better outcomes for this population. In fact, I have developed an intervention called "C.A.R.E" (Caring Adults 'R' Everywhere) that is child welfare agency-based and makes building and facilitating these kinds of relationships for older youth the primary focus, and on which "independent living" skills are built. I hope to get a pilot study of the intervention funded by the NIH or ACF in the not too distant future in order to test it's feasibility and initial effectiveness.