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Carl Safina

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The Whole Coal Story

Posted: 06/20/11 11:35 AM ET

Co-authored by Mike Misner.

Several small citizen groups recently went after the children's book publishing giant Scholastic. At issue were books that were distributed to elementary schools in the United States as part of the publisher's paid partnership with the American Coal Foundation.

The groups, Rethinking Schools, the Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood and Friends of the Earth, accused Scholastic of producing books that read like brochures from the coal industry.

The coal industry would like that, because the whole coal story is less flattering. Coal is an abundant fuel, burned to generate electricity. But coal's "cheap" price fails to include its costs. When you realize coal's effects on health and our environment, coal is exceptionally costly.

Mountaintop removal -- chopping the tops off mountains and subsequently destroying the surrounding ecosystems -- is one of the main techniques used to expose layers of the black rock.

When burned, coal spews more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than any other fossil fuel. (The misleading term "clean coal" just means coal that emits smaller amounts of carbon dioxide than other kinds of coal. It would better termed "slightly less dirty coal.")

Carbon dioxide both warms the atmosphere and makes the oceans more acidic. Already, this is slowing and distorting the growth of coral reefs and in some places dissolving juvenile shellfish.

Coal-burning power plants also account for over half of all mercury emissions in the US. Eventually, that mercury finds its way into the oceans and makes its way up the food web to the fish we love to eat. The toxin is thus passed on to people. Unfortunately, fetuses and infants are especially vulnerable to mercury, which damages developing nervous systems and stunts brain development.

All these things are the real costs of coal. They're not reflected in the price, but we all pay these costs. If these costs were included in the price of coal, coal would be very expensive. And that matters, because better, cleaner energy technologies would become very competitive. That would be a market that worked, because it would recognize and reflect reality. This is the part of the story that the coal industry conveniently leaves out.

Of course we cannot turn off one fully established industry and turn on another overnight. Many energy experts agree that old, fossil fuel burning sources of energy will have to be around for the transition. So unfortunately coal is here for a while.

This may be why the Obama administration recently had a fire sale in Wyoming for public land thick with coal. Maybe it is also why billionaires like Warren Buffet are betting on coal. Buffett's company owns Burlington Northern, a major coal hauling railroad, and Mid American, one of the largest coal burning utilities in the country.

While billionaires like Buffett are making money on coal, they are also doing good things with philanthropy. In the same ethos, they should spend more money on clean energy in the US.

According to a report by the Pew Charitable Trust, there is money to be made. "If clean energy policies are strengthened significantly in the coming years, the report projects that $2.3 trillion will be invested in clean power assets over the next 10 years, offering companies and countries enormous opportunities."

The whole story is that coal is neither renewable nor clean, and should be thought of as a temporary fuel during a transition away from coal and toward new and existing clean sources of energy.

The final piece of the transition away from coal would be to clean up coal while we still have to live with it. This starts with the dirty twenty five coal-fired power plants that are responsible for nearly a third of all mercury emissions from power production. These plants should drastically reduce their mercury emissions as soon as possible.

The coal industry resists these kinds of clean ups in ways large and small, often raising the specter of jobs and costs. The costs to comply with government standards adds up to about $10 million for the coal burning industry while the potential benefits for people and the planet add up to about $100 million. No contest there.

Even people within in the coal industry admit that technologies that clean the dirty smokestacks are readily available and affordable. And, capturing pollutants emitted by burning coal adds jobs.

Coal's status should be a stepping-stone to technologies that harness the clean renewable energies that naturally power the planet. There is no magic bullet for moving from a fossil fuel economy to a renewable energy economy. But any long term planning that includes burning coal is at best living in the past and at worst shortsighted folly that we cannot afford.

This is the story of jobs and billions in potential investment in American ideas, infrastructure, business, and technology. That's the happy ending to a true coal story we could all live with.

 
 
 
Co-authored by Mike Misner. Several small citizen groups recently went after the children's book publishing giant Scholastic. At issue were books that were distributed to elementary schools in the U...
Co-authored by Mike Misner. Several small citizen groups recently went after the children's book publishing giant Scholastic. At issue were books that were distributed to elementary schools in the U...
 
 
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john frodo
armchair expert
09:38 AM on 06/21/2011
Costing power is a complex equation. Scientist use the Energy return on Investment as a decision making guide. So when you measure the amount of energy needed to produce the fuel, wind is 25% cheaper than gas and oil, solar is less expensive than the alternative of burning dirty coal.
http://thinkingaboot.blogspot.com/2011/05/idiot-wind.html
05:32 PM on 06/20/2011
Coal fired plants also put radioactive uranium and thorium into the atmosphere. Yet all this can be avoided with present technology. It is just easier for them to buy politicians and change the laws allowing them to pollute rather than cleaning up their industry.
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deweaver
Scientist, businessman, semi-retired
03:28 PM on 06/20/2011
Interest studies by EPA. If you believe their estimates of morbidity (17,000 / yr) and other health effects of our present coal consumption (in the 100,000 / yr range), you can agree with their cost/benefit analysis of the proposed coal regulations. However, you need to note that their estimated health effects for US coal exceed all the health effects documented for Chernobyl, Three Mile Island and the Japan reactors combined over a 50 year time period. Considering that world wide nuclear power production is more energy that US coal production, one must rationally conclude that nuclear power is at least 10 to 100 times safer than coal power (not counting greenhouse effects).
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ABACADABRA RABBIT
07:19 PM on 06/20/2011
You have to wait until the effects of Fukushima are realized to make such a statement.

They are still in a crisis. They haven't stopped the release of radioisotopes yet and there is fallout in the United States.
07:19 AM on 06/21/2011
And despite Fukushima and Chernobyl, nuclear power is STILL safer and creates less pollution than coal.

Do we need better backup systems in flood prone areas? Absolutely!
Should the Fukushima complex have been located on MUCH higher ground with redundant, protected battery and diesel backup generators? Obviously!
Do we need to start using Thorium reactors to burn transuranic waste? Yes!
Is nuclear waste safer in Yucca Mountain than in hundreds of scattered storage ponds? No question!

As Germany has discovered, the ONLY viable replacement for base load nuclear power is coal and lest you forget, they are prolific users of wind and solar.
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Overtone
See bio on the Aesop Institute website
07:52 PM on 06/20/2011
SEE NUCLEAR PLANT PERIL AT www.aesopinstitute.org to see why you may decide to change your mind.

There is an unrecognized hazard that can cause nuclear plants to release massive amounts of radioactivity into surrounding communities.

We are now at a point where all nuclear plants, everywhere, need to be shut down as fast as is humanly possible, beginning with those in Northern latitudes where the surprise is most likely to collapse the power grid for months or years at a time.
03:20 PM on 06/20/2011
Why is it environmentalists get all teary eyed about the risks of Mercury in our environmet until it comes to insisting we use dim-litted CFC bulbs?
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seehowtheyrun
Without music, life would be a mistake
05:33 PM on 06/20/2011
I h8te compact florescent bulbs, and I am very environmentally conscious.
07:50 PM on 06/20/2011
Dimbulb - have you heard of Minimata disease. If not Google it. Mercury in lightbulbs is not anything to worry about but if you are worried buy some LED's. They cost a lot but the energy they use is almost nil. So in the end you really do save money. And - mercury is ot the only problem with coal. It is one of a myriad of problems. Just think - the biggest problem with cigarettes was not nicotine. It was the other chemicals and stuff that caused cancer or copd or the other things cigarettes did.
01:23 PM on 06/20/2011
The long and the shrt of the matter is coal is not held legally responsible for the costs to the public of burning coal. They are not legally responsible for the destruction of mountaintops, or water or air. They are responsible for selling as much coal as they can which they get at the lowest possible cost and sell at the highest price possible so shareholders enjoy high dividends. The coal companies can afford to support politicians and pay for misleading ads and lobbiests. The high costs of tobacco on health and welfare were unaffected by awsuits which found them responsible for lung cancer and other health problems which even included people who didn't smoke. They lied, they paid the ;aw suits. What had an affect was laws preventing smoking in public places etc. When the public learns the high cost to their own health of turning on a lightbulb and leaving it on, they will be happy to subsidize clean energy and remove the subsidies from fossil fuels.
01:41 PM on 06/20/2011
I tried to post this earlier -- all of what you say is documented in the movie On Coal River
http://oncoalriver.com/
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mario59
KSU 05/04/70 RIP never ever forget
01:47 PM on 06/20/2011
It's really like a calculation has been made. "Listen up, Mr. Politician. Rather than give all this money from class action suits to the lawyers and average claimants, you play ball with us and get the laws real business friendly, and that money will flow to you instead. We'll set up the operation and get all the rubes to think we know what's best for them and put out pretty gals to say it, and it'll be win/win for business and politicians."
01:00 PM on 06/20/2011
36 years ago, in 1975 Congress passed a law to create the Energy Research and Development Agency (ERDA) to find and commercialize ways ro get this country off oil, gas and coal. ERDA was sucked into Dept of Energy when Carter created it in 1977 and put James Schlesinger in charge that killed any innovation. Over the years $billions have been poured into this agency, who also runs the many national labs (created in WWII) with no tangible commercial results. In 1978 Congress passed the Power Plant and Fuel Use Act to mandate the use of alternate fuels in new power plants and major fuel burning facilities, but the oil companies got their pimp elected (Ronnie Reagan) who eliminated the DoE office that enforced the law. The law was still in place but that effectively stopped enforcement as the utilities and corporations could continue to burn dirty coal, oil and gas.

If only a small portion of the money thrown away on that now useless bureaucracy was spent on decreasing the cost of solar photovoltaic systems and commercializing fuel cells (Con Ed had a fully operational fuel cell facility in downtown NYC in the 70's) we'd be there now. But the oil and coal companies have bought the politicians who planted their appointees inside to make sure nothing changes.
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mario59
KSU 05/04/70 RIP never ever forget
01:49 PM on 06/20/2011
But just think, if it's a technology or innovation that can reduce their labor costs, then presto! it'll be in production tomorrow.
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Vballboy60
The Dudes abides...with the moderation
12:56 PM on 06/20/2011
I hope everyone reading the SCOTUS article (regulating air pollutions) reads this piece.

With globalization, corporations move thier business to the nation-state with the lowest environmental and labor standards as a way of making their product more cost competitive. The problem being that the "race to the bottom" encourages more pollution generation in exchange for economic advatages that are not realized in the cost of a product.

Economists understand this concept. Pollutions of any kind must have a price associated with them, perhaps a market oriented trade value, then we can let free market economics continue its global race to the bottom.

Look at the Chinese people, even they are growing tired of the poor quality of life after they tasted a little money.

Remember, you can;t breathe money, no matter how much you have.
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ChrisInYao
There's impermanence to all things big and small
12:54 PM on 06/20/2011
Coal has served it's purpose on helping to build a strong economy, but as things go, it must come to pass eventually and give way to a more innovative and sustainable economy. It doesn't matter arguing a mute point that coal has its strengths and weaknesses but it's a source of power that is never going to improve over renewables.
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Nosybear
Liar, damn liar, statistician and brewer
12:33 PM on 06/20/2011
No business, particularly dirty ones like coal, want their externalities, the costs they create but are paid by others, revealed. If Big Coal were forced to pay all its costs to society, they likely wouldn't be able to mine. Society has to make a choice at some point if it is willing to pay the externalities but by shifting them from the cause (Big Coal) to those affected by it (everyone else) simply moves the cost from one place to another by the most inefficient means possible.
T-Haight
What was wrong with federalism?
12:10 PM on 06/20/2011
Granted, many of the total costs of coal are not included in its market price, but what exactly ARE they, in dollars?

I know that the EPA assigns dollar values to various pollutants based on the health and environmental impacts they have (and uses those values to make cost/benefit decisions with regulation). I would be curious to see exactly how much the total cost (market price plus EPA-assigned cost) is for coal per kW-hr, as well as seeing how that compares for various renewable energy sources (note: renewables aren't free udner such accounting b/c you have to build it and it has a finite life).
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Vballboy60
The Dudes abides...with the moderation
01:00 PM on 06/20/2011
From an environmental policy perspecitve, it is risk management with dollar associations.

For example, if the courts have ruled that a life needlessly ended (for whatever cause) clsts between $1-6 million, then you can estimate mortality associated with pollution levels then assign a dollar value.

Environmental policy is after all, a combination of science, economics and law. Science can fix things, but at a certain cost. Law can remdy things, but also at a cost (to business or other regulated condition). Finally economics can remedy pollution generation if all the metrics are accurately known and costs are applied to each. Then people are free to choose if they want the pollutions (as a consumer or corporate polluter).
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nirek
Proud progressive Vietnam vet. against WAR
01:29 PM on 06/20/2011
I chose solar.
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krazykyote
Why Ike, what ever do you mean?
11:51 AM on 06/20/2011
Wow. If that isn't one of the biggest Rube Goldberg explanations I have ever read...

Why not talk about the effects and costs without coal? How about the hundreds of thousands that would die due to exposure in the winter. Or how about the 4 to 5 times higher energy costs that would place millions at risk of starvation.

Nice try, but the truth is environmentalists don't care about the human costs of their proposals so factoring them into these equations are false on their face.
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Matt Norman
12:10 PM on 06/20/2011
I agree, what they really never take into account is the unintended consequences that their policies will create. If you are for clean energy and don't care about the higher costs and inflation it will produce then you don't care about poor people.
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01:59 PM on 06/20/2011
If we continue to degrade our environment how do we keep food production rising? The issue is motivating the market to find alternatives and making coal pay for its economic externalities not shutting it down. As we have seen food prices rise worldwide due to extreme weather events this year how can you state keeping the status quo is helping the poor?
02:27 PM on 06/20/2011
Matt - the poor and their problems are not due to the cost of energy. Their problems are those things neo cons fight tooth and nail - public transit they can afford, early childhood education, day care., lessons on child care, handling money, afterschool recreation etc. Before electricity existed people managed to live using little energy. Bedrooms weren't heated and people survived. Food was always local and always seasonal. I use a fraction of the elctricity I used to use. .
. You pay higher prices and I will pay higher prices and we can both help the poor to pay higher prices. I already do pay a chunk of change to the food bank. Smog days are increasing. Children are at risk just so you can lead a life where you don't have to see the damage coal does. This blog didn't cover all the costs of coal. The nuclear disaster in Japan , Chernobyl is another nuclear cost as is Three Mile Island and some you have never heard of. Energy use can be reduced to a very small portion of just by becoming efficient. Is that too high a price to pay so that a child can play outside? Snow is covered with the toxins from coal plants. And so is our water and the fields where our food grows. Life is worthless when you can't breathe air that isn't worse than a smoker who chain smokes.
T-Haight
What was wrong with federalism?
12:13 PM on 06/20/2011
This is a good point, but I suspect I know the answer. Green-energy market analyses usually assume that every kW-hr of (fossil fuel) energy avoided, some other source magically comes in due to the workings of "the market." That may make sense on a small scale like, say, a single city, but on a national scale, it's not a valid assumption.
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11:32 AM on 06/20/2011
Coal is as dirty as the greed that mines it. www.biovizon.com Come off the grid with clean renewable algae produced methane that will power a home, or up to 140 homes, and have the added benefit of producing organic vegetables and fish. It is time we take back control of our life force.
03:16 PM on 06/20/2011
Algae produced methane? Thought we were supposed to stop eating Beef due to the methane, can't we capture that? Convert Coal to Cowpie burning machines. Renewable, recycling. Our farms will smell better too!
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03:56 PM on 06/20/2011
Algae produced methane is clean as clean can be. Anything to do with beef factories is not clean ... the meat, nor their dung ... why? The business of injecting hormones and antibiotics into these animals, combined with their living conditions and the GMO grain they're fed, leaves anything to do with them tarnished.
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RButler
I've always wanted to have everything I wanted
11:28 AM on 06/20/2011
'COAL' - it killed the dinosaurs.
T-Haight
What was wrong with federalism?
12:14 PM on 06/20/2011
I like it.

I'll give you another: Dinosours died for our joules.
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Nosybear
Liar, damn liar, statistician and brewer
12:32 PM on 06/20/2011
They gave their lives for plastic.
11:17 AM on 06/20/2011
Common sense answers exist now and need to be expanded now while innovation and research continues at universities across the country.
Subsidies for post-peak energy industries which are well developed and profiting just fine should be re-allocated to nascent industries.
Solar, wind and bio-fuels need to be developed here soon, or we'll be buying all the new technology from other countries.
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nirek
Proud progressive Vietnam vet. against WAR
01:32 PM on 06/20/2011
Go solar , I did! ☮ ☮ ☮ solar ☮ ☮ ☮
Fanned, btw
01:36 PM on 06/20/2011
Returned.
Thank you for your service and forward thinking.
iridium53
Semper Fi
10:55 AM on 06/20/2011
We need an impartial analysis, or from several sources, not funded by the Koch brothers foundations, that take a look at the various costs of power production.

Oil, Coal, Old nuclear, new nuclear, solar, wind, gas, etc.

Total cost of ownership.

The environmental problems, their risks and their costs - rivers, lakes, streams, oceans, air, forrests, etc.
The medical costs that result - short term and projected into the future.
The costs of military and wars we fight on behalf of the world (because NATO countries have come to rely on us) for certain energy types.

Talking about one source of energy - in this case coal - is not really very useful.

Until a comparative analysis is done for each of the various types of energy - with assumptions included - then any such discussion is one-sided.