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Carole Carson

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Obesity: Character Flaw or Neurochemical Disease?

Posted: 03/10/2011 8:45 am

When is the last time someone challenged you to examine a cherished opinion or viewpoint? This comes close to describing my conversation with Dr. Jennifer Lovejoy, president of the Obesity Society, a clearheaded thinker whose insights are shifting attitudes and shaping future policies about obesity.

In a recent Society newsletter, Dr. Lovejoy challenged three prominent myths about obesity and weight loss. The article caught my attention because I generally subscribed to those three ideas. Clearly, our perspectives were at odds.

I contacted Dr. Lovejoy, and during our conversation, she explained why the myths were untrue and how damaging they were to individuals and to the larger society. As I listened to her, I realized that I needed to be open to the possibility of another point of view, and I invite you to join the discussion.

The first myth--that obesity is a lifestyle issue and not a medical condition--raises an important question about whether obesity should be medicalized.

Based on my own successful experience in losing weight (and, in the process, reversing potentially life-threatening medical problems), I've been reluctant to view obesity as anything more than a matter involving personal responsibility.

My own experience was straightforward: I ate too much and moved too little, so I got fat. When I ate healthfully and moved more, I trimmed down. Test scores that placed me in the 90th percentile of risk for heart disease, stroke and diabetes at the start of my makeover moved to the normal range once I adopted healthier habits. I assumed others were like me: we all have choices to make, and our choices have consequences.

In addition to my own experience, I've been (and continue to be) concerned that if obesity is fully medicalized, obese patients will shift all responsibility to their physicians for weight loss and for treatment of medical conditions, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, that are associated with obesity.

In discussing the issue with my personal physician, I found she shared these concerns. If, for example, patients felt they could indulge themselves at will and then have their physician prescribe a pill for weight loss and another pill to treat the medical problems arising from obesity, what incentives would there be for adopting a healthier lifestyle? And lest you think I am pointing a finger at others, I'm describing myself. Certainly had such an option been available to me, I would have considered using a medical solution rather than making the more difficult lifestyle changes.


Given my perspective, Dr. Lovejoy had an uphill battle to convince me that the following myths were untrue and damaging. But by virtue of her education (she holds a doctorate degree in biopsychology from Emory University and completed postdoctoral training in endocrinology and metabolism at Emory University School of Medicine, where she specialized in obesity and diabetes research) and her achievements (she has published over 50 scientific articles in peer-reviewed journals, written dozens of chapters and review articles and is a frequent speaker on obesity and nutrition at national and international conferences), her ideas deserved serious attention.

Here are her views on the three myths, why they are untrue and why they are damaging to perpetuate:

Myth #1: Obesity is just a lifestyle problem.

The reality is that obesity is a chronic, relapsing, neurochemical disease with a genetic basis. Simply telling an obese person to "eat less and exercise more" is overly simplistic and demonstrably ineffective. For many people, the extent of long-term calorie reduction and exercise enhancement necessary for adequate weight loss is not feasible for a multitude of biological and environmental reasons we are only beginning to appreciate.

Lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise are obviously key elements of any obesity treatment plan, but just like other chronic conditions that have a lifestyle component, e.g. hypertension and diabetes, there are strong bioregulatory networks working to defeat weight-loss efforts and sustain obesity. Thus, for many patients, obesity treatment requires lifelong interventions in addition to healthy lifestyle change. Ignoring this need ignores the human and financial costs of the condition. Obesity deserves serious treatment.

Myth #2: Obese people lack willpower and are overindulgent.

The reality is that pervasive weight bias is a major impediment to providing people who suffer from obesity with the treatment they need. Biased attitudes toward obese patients have been documented among the general public and health care providers. Such attitudes can obscure the need for serious intervention options for this condition.

The diet and beauty industry, whose sales are dependent on making people believe that "anyone can be thin if they just try hard enough" (and spend enough money on products), inadvertently perpetuate these myths.

Contrary to the notion of wishful thinking and the exercise of sufficient willpower, obesity is a chronic neurochemical disease, not a character flaw. As such, it requires an array of effective treatment tools.

Myth #3: Obese patients need to lose lots of weight to achieve health benefits.

The reality is that a 5 to 10 percent weight loss produces clinically significant reductions in blood pressure, lipids, blood glucose and other health parameters-illustrating that the goals laid out for those who have chosen to address their obesity should focus less on total weight loss and more on health improvement. And while there are measurable clinical benefits associated with significant weight loss that accompanies surgical intervention, weight-loss surgery can not be the only treatment tool that healthcare providers have in their arsenal. Just as one size does not fit all, one treatment will not work for every patient.

Dr. Lovejoy feels that these myths are accepted by obese and slim people in equal measure, along with doctors, policymakers and scientists. She also feels the myths are damaging because they support continued bias and stigma toward obese people and because they prevent the development of much-needed medication to treat a serious medical condition.

She points out that the bias against treatment is revealed in the absence of drugs to treat obesity. For example, over 200 drugs are on the market that can be used to treat hypertension (frequently a secondary consequence of obesity), but currently only one FDA-approved drug is available for long-term treatment of obesity.

Dr. Lovejoy adds, "As long as obesity is viewed as a matter of willpower rather than a medical condition, the Food and Drug Administration and the pharmaceutical houses will lack an incentive to develop and approve more medications--despite the reality that obesity is the most pervasive public health problem in our nation."

Dr. Lovejoy encourages us to stop equating body size with health and acknowledge that some people who are still very large have managed to lose 50, 60 or 70 pounds and keep it off successfully through diligent diet and exercise practice. She adds that this isn't true for every obese person; on the other hand, not every thin person has healthy behaviors.

Healthy debate, evidenced by Dr. Lovejoy's challenge of conventional thinking, of which I am guilty, is clearly needed if we are to successfully address the issues of obesity.

We have any number of reasons to act. Our impulse may be humanitarian; that is, obesity causes an incredible amount of physical and emotional suffering. Or perhaps we are concerned about the medical implications for our children and grandchildren. Dr. David Katz, director of Yale University's Prevention Research Program, recently reported on the migration of stroke down the age curve to children. He attributed this predictable migration to an epidemic of obesity in children.

Or perhaps we fear the frightening rise in the cost of medical care. According to predictions by UnitedHealth Group, one out of two Americans will be treated for diabetes or prediabetes at an annual cost of $3.35 trillion by the year 2020. And while this amount is staggering, we need to remember that diabetes is only one of several expensive chronic medical problems associated with obesity.

Obesity is the number one public health problem in the United States, and the urgent issue of whether we continue to address obesity as a character flaw or treat it as a medical condition is like the proverbial elephant in the room (or perhaps a herd of elephants.)

Although a few experts, like Dr. Lovejoy and Dr. Katz, openly share their insight and advice, too many of us (myself included) shy away from the hard discussions about how to address the matter.

I have no doubt that Dr. Lovejoy's candor, although unsettling to my opinions, is a force for positive change. Do your part: free this elephant by acknowledging its presence. At the very least, you'll create more space in the room.

 

Follow Carole Carson on Twitter: www.twitter.com/CaroleCarson

When is the last time someone challenged you to examine a cherished opinion or viewpoint? This comes close to describing my conversation with Dr. Jennifer Lovejoy, president of the Obesity Society, a ...
When is the last time someone challenged you to examine a cherished opinion or viewpoint? This comes close to describing my conversation with Dr. Jennifer Lovejoy, president of the Obesity Society, a ...
 
 
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12:05 PM on 05/09/2011
Thank you Dr. Lovejoy for your ongoing research and for caring about people, who so many people in our society, hate and misunderstand.
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William Anderson LMHC
Licensed Psychotherapist, Weight Control Expert
07:54 PM on 03/18/2011
As an expert in behavioral medicine, let me point out a glaring blind spot, an innocent ignorance on the part of otherwise brilliant observers, Ms. Carson and Dr. Lovejoy. Obesity is a result of a behavioral disorder like addiction. It is not a character disorder, nor is the habitual overeating of most obese people a lack of will. As a professional who has treated thousands of obese patients, I have never had one not be able to lose weight when they are able to "undereat", creating a caloric deficit. Why then do they habitually eat more than they need if they really want to change? The inability to simply decide to eat less is due to little understood processes of drive and impulse that have physiological as well as psychological origins that are outside a person's control without specialized training, even then, often still uncontrollable. My book, "The Anderson Method" explains the techiques I developed, Therapeutic Psychogenics, that helped me to lose 140 lbs. after twenty-five years of obesity and failure with will power, diets and exercise plans, keeping it off for over twenty years. These are the methods I train clients and other therapists to use that have remarkable results in helping obese people to permanently lose weight. Does everyone succeed in developing this self control? No, but one doesn't need to look further than Prader-Willyi Symdrome to realize that eating behavior is not simply a matter of will. There are forces here we don't understand.
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J David Auner
01:42 PM on 03/23/2011
Try losing weight when filled up with high-profit corporate/industrial junk. Death through cancer and clots can be the result if you are lucky. A 10 year demise in a nursing home for a 32 yr old stroke victim would be an example of one not so lucky. The research to evaluate risks for these disasters is fairly straightforward but the big money is still behind selling fries and cheap meats.
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William Anderson LMHC
Licensed Psychotherapist, Weight Control Expert
06:04 PM on 03/23/2011
Sorry to hear of your situation. A stroke at 32 is a bad deal. You are right that our culture is on the wrong track exploiting people and hurting them to make the bucks. I hope you like my book and its efforts to lead people to a healthier way of thinking and living. We need to change.
05:36 PM on 03/28/2011
Well, that's rather a simplistic way of looking at it, especially when I look at both sides of my family. On my father's side there was a tendency to be overweight regardless of other factors while on my mother's side, being overweight was a rare occurrence. I'm one of 5. Of the four of us whose physical appearance more closely resembles our father's line, all of us struggle with weight. The one that doesn't is the spitting image of our maternal great grandfather who was a rather slender man. He has no problems with weight maintenance regardless of what he does.

Personally, I've managed to lose quite a bit of weight, but the trick isn't losing it, it's keeping it off permanently. Personally, when someone tells me that if only I follow his or her magic (insert number here) Step Process with some ridiculous sounding name I will magically be able to be rich, brimming with self-confidence, slender, able to attract any woman with a pulse or leap tall buildings in a single bound, I'm strongly inclined to send a rather loud raspberry in his/her direction (and that's when I'm being polite).

The above being said, I'm inclined to discount Ms Carlson's description of obesity as a neurochemical disease as well. It's just as simplistic as describing obesity as a character flaw and leads in the direction of looking for some kind of magic medicine that will effortlessly solve the problem.
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William Anderson LMHC
Licensed Psychotherapist, Weight Control Expert
07:44 PM on 03/28/2011
I don't promise anyone to "be able to be rich, brimming with self-confi­dence, slender, able to attract any woman with a pulse or leap tall buildings in a single bound". What I teach clients is not simple and no one else does the work for them, but there is a good chance you can learn to solve your weight problem. You are not bound by what your family gave you. I invite you to read my book or see one of my therapists if there is one close to you.
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bernikitty
single mom of 3, new working RN
01:43 PM on 03/17/2011
we are told to eat grains and carbohydrates--the biggest block in the food pyramid (because the are cheap to grow and make food manufactures gazillions--just try to kind a snack for that isn't almost completely carbs), but we, as a species, did not evolve to eat these "foods".

it is well known, that when you feed an animal things they were never evolved to eat, all sorts of pathology develop.

"why we get fat" and "the paleo diet" are excellent books on the subject.
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frank day
Obama cares about all of U.S.
08:51 PM on 03/17/2011
People all over the world eat grains. It doesn't make them fat.

If you want to eat meat and nuts go ahead. Just don't expect it to keep you healthy.
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11:03 AM on 03/16/2011
Caloric input vs output is a simple ratio that has dramatically changed in the past decade, with thirty percent of the population simply obese. American life style is increasingly characterized by more taking of everything, borrowing, foreclosing, and industrial capacity motorized means of convence. The freight factor alone is frightening on the steets and in the medical waiting rooms. In another decade, at the present rate, chairs will have to be love seats made of steel, and quarry scales used to weigh in.
11:53 PM on 03/16/2011
Indeed, and 'medicalizing' obesity can add to another overindulgence: pharmacology.
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exile
07:52 PM on 03/15/2011
eat less
move more
just sayin'
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alongst
too often denied to speak
02:11 AM on 03/16/2011
It's the ELEM diet
(Eat Less- Exercise More)
But it's easier to claim you are a victim of genetics and eat a gallon of ice cream.....
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frank day
Obama cares about all of U.S.
08:53 PM on 03/17/2011
Obese people eat less than normal weight people. They also work harder at everything.

It isn't that simple. But I guess it makes you feel superior to think so.
This comment has been removed due to violations of our [Guidelines]
03:45 PM on 03/13/2011
One of the media personalities that best demonstrates how incredibly difficult winning the battle against childhood obesity is going to be, said this the other day about the President, the First Lady, and anyone else that votes for someone with a capital “D” beside their name. . .

“The Obamas of the world, the leftists, never go away. They never give you a sense that they’ve ever been beaten, because they never go away. So it’s an on going never ending battle. It’s very rare you get to claim victory, and I think that’s very frustrating to people. At some point you want to be able to say you’ve won, it not the war you want to be able to say you’ve won a battle. But the moment you’ve won a battle, and you know you’ve won it, the war continues because these people don’t . . . their like cockroaches. They just keep coming back.”

Can you guess who that was? He is, unquestionably, one of the most popular talk radio entertainers in America. He’s teaching America’s parents - the ones that will listen to him and believes that he is intelligent - that exercise is useless when it comes to weight loss, and that government should not be involved in teaching America’s children why a Burger King salad, with a low cal dressing, and a diet soda, is better for you than is their Triple Whopper with Cheese, with a Large Fries, and a King sized Coke. (continued…)
03:49 PM on 03/13/2011
(…continued)

Those words above were said by Rush Limbaugh, and they were targeted, largely, at the sort of people that like the Huffington Post. That includes myself, and the other people people behind the Fast Food Explorer. We don’t particularly like being equated with “cockroaches”. How about you other folks, in here, that have ever voted for a Democratic Party candidate, do you feel like a “cockroach”, that needs to be eradicated?

Here’s our little comeback for Mr. Limbaugh. It’s called the “Cardio” search. If you’re a “dittohead” reading this, trust me, you’ll hate seeing the truth. If, on the other hand, you are intelligent enough not to be a dittohead, and you’re behind the President and First Lady’s efforts to reduce obesity in America, I think you’ll find the results amusing. Enjoy.

http://www.fatcalories.com/sr_obesitywars.cfm
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Carole Carson
Author, From Fat to Fit: Turn Yourself into a Weap
02:45 PM on 03/14/2011
The problem of obesity cuts across generational, political, religious, gender, geographic and racial lines. No amount of rhetoric can change that reality.
This comment has been removed due to violations of our [Guidelines]
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NHGranite
Killer Koala escapes diner, eats shoots & leaves
09:57 AM on 03/13/2011
When I was constantly "on a diet" I gained weight. I learned a lot about nutrition, and changed things around. Low protein, Real Fat - butter, oil, cream; no "diet" food or soda, Real sugar - no fake - in moderation, regular good carbs, fruits and vegetables. Lost 15 pounds in less than a year, no exercise, maintained 10 years now. Vitamins, esp B12, D3, and multi; Minerals, esp Magnesium and Zinc. Oh, yeah - no milk but cheese, yogurt, cottage cheese. All things in moderation. Not craving sweets or alcohol. Favorite pop drink, lemonade mixed half and half with water or salt-free seltzer. NO MSG.
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mario59
KSU 05/04/70 RIP never ever forget
09:49 AM on 03/13/2011
I think the obesity problem lies in the chemical composition of the food stuffs. I think there are chem triggers in the adulterated food that entice the brain neurotransmitters to eat more (Buy More!) as a business model for a food company, this would seem very plausible. You would need only look at hot spots where obesity is exploding, I think a tiny island in the Pacific supports this hypothesis. As soon as they started importing fast foods, obesity became rampant.
11:08 AM on 03/13/2011
agreed
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Sinister Minister
There's no way out of here alive.
11:47 AM on 03/13/2011
A good example of what you are saying is aspartame (sp?) in diet soda. If it worked why are so many more people obese since it was put on the market? It's so common that one can be pretty sure that if someone is overweight they also drink diet soda.
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J David Auner
07:24 AM on 03/13/2011
The genetic background of Americans did not change 75% in 3 decades. The author's weight loss is great - but people filled up with McChicken and fries have molecules they can not break down. The research to show the poisoning of Americans is straightforward but it appears the food industry is controlling most of the academic and government levers.
Another growing cause of obesity is antipsychotic medication which cause insulin resistance (Geodon etc.) and SSRI's which cause dopamine receptor suppression in up to 50% of patients. 100 lb weight gains happen and most psychiatrists (in my small survey) apparently still don't weigh patients.
12:32 AM on 03/13/2011
This story, while helpful to some, still does not get to the point: There are numerous individuals born with vulnerable immune systems (family history of diabetes, heart disease, lung disease, etc.) for whom staying trim is a life-long battle EVEN when they exercise, eat organic, eat healthy, and eat minimally. At some point, aging kicks in and adds its ravages, and these people lose the battle to be trim.

Therefore, obesity does not bring on the diseases, the diseases were already incubating which caused the obesity.

Yes. I am one of them. I managed to maintain my figure until my late 30's. I study nutrition and natural health and I am active. And, I am mortified by what is happening to my body. The hateful looks and remarks by the public, since my gain? Painful and uncalled for. Each of us has our burdens to carry, why, in this day and age, we choose to condemn large persons, is beyond my ability to understand. When we, as a society, begin to choose compassion over judgment, perhaps then we will begin to see what all of us are doing to contribute to our society's poor mental and physical health.
07:30 AM on 03/13/2011
Yes, the only accepted prejudice is against fat people... and it shouldn't be more acceptable that any other prejudice..
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Sinister Minister
There's no way out of here alive.
11:51 AM on 03/13/2011
Whoa, you left out a bunch of people in your assumption. Smokers for instance are institutionally discriminated against. I'll believe your point when it becomes a law that you have to leave the building and stand 25 feet from any door or window to eat your Mcnuggets.
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ninetailedfox
banning people.....so childish
07:52 PM on 03/12/2011
Obesity may be a medical issue, but my husband pointed out something to me, he knows more people who are skinny and have lots of medical issues. I dont see people doing research on underweight people and health problems, which leads me to believe there are a lot of shallow hals out there that try to attack obesity as a health problem instead of attacking shallowness.
KarasudaJay
My micro-bio is empty.
09:53 AM on 03/14/2011
You say "attack obesity as a health problem" as if it isn't. Obesity is a health problem and it's the leading cause of health problems in the US. It's not being shallow to say being fat is bad for your health.
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
Atchka
Fierce, Freethinking Fatties
03:54 PM on 03/15/2011
And where, pray tell, do you get this uncited, unsourced claim that obesity is the leading cause of health problems in the US? Or are you operating under the George W. Bush model of truth, "If I say it enough, it becomes true"?

Peace,
Shannon
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Tom Hendricks
see wikipedia
01:40 PM on 03/28/2011
Both weight problems may be connected to patterns set up in infancy connected to how the child takes in nurturing, and how he excretes out waste.
Each child sets a 3 part pattern in infancy of how he will digest food. This seems to subconsciously program almost all behavior from then on.
This pattern is in the ENS, or Enteric Nervous System or digestion brain. It is unconscious motivation, and it is very difficult to change.
These three patterns are set up through breast feeding and weaning.
Generally problems with breast feeding will lead to overweight problems, and problems with weaning will lead to underweight problems.
Resetting this 3 part infant digestion pattern in the ENS, solves a vast layer of human physical and psychological problems that seems to be quite extensive. *This is an untested hypothesis at this point.
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Tom Hendricks
see wikipedia
12:56 PM on 03/12/2011
New ideas suggest breast feeding sets up a food in pattern. When not breast fed , obese. The formula fed child has to take in more to get the nurturing he's missing. That is a pattern set up for life.
There is a telling remark in this video of the benefits of breast
feeding
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7XLKUmz5H7A

that supports much of what I've said.

The woman said that 'breast fed babies often wake earlier
because breast milk is more easy to digest.
That simple fact suggests.

Sleep is digestion.
Breast milk sets up a digestion pattern of food in.
Breast milk set ups the best digestion pattern of food in.
10:39 AM on 03/12/2011
This is an issue that has run in my family for generations. My aunt was very obese from childhood, next to my mother who was very thin. They were both born on a farm in south central Texas during the 1930's. My mother said that she always puzzled about how my aunt could eat sugar straight from the sugar bowl, and mixed peanut butter and syrup together to eat with a spoon. My mother had a seventeen inch waistline at her marriage to my father. I have no doubt that if something like gastric bypass or banding had been available then, it would have changed my aunt's whole life experience. Some people have an apetite to eat, almost all of the time. It is what it is.