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Caryl Rivers

Caryl Rivers

Posted: September 18, 2009 11:20 AM

East of Eden: Why Health Care Got Hijacked

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The "Eden Myth," deeply rooted in American culture, is one of the reasons why health care has been hijacked by a vocal minority.

Perhaps as a result of American Exceptionalism--the idea that we have a unique and special place in the world--we too often view the past as the Eden from which we have been expelled.

John Winthrop said to the Puritan colonists of Massachusetts Bay:

For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us. So that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken ... we shall be made a story and a by-word throughout the world.

Many of the health-care protesters at town halls avoided talking about preexisting conditions, insurance bills or doctors, and cried out, "I want my America back."

Exactly which America they were talking about was unclear--maybe one where a white guy was always president--but the language was strangely apocalyptic. Somewhere, sometime in the past, we were a city on a hill and have gone downhill from there.

Those lingering ideas about a vanished Eden may be the reason why many people are buying the notion that a health care bill could be an invitation for a vast government takeover. It's rather odd, because the history of American health in the past was anything but a Garden of Eden. Before the modern era, plagues swept through and decimated whole villages, the Spanish flu killed millions, women died regularly in childbirth and any soldier who went off to war was more likely to be killed by infection than by an enemy cannonball. We didn't need "death panels." Nature did the job splendidly.

Because of American exceptionalism, we tend to prefer high-flying rhetoric to the dull business of nuts-and-bolts legislation.

Morning in America
, The Audacity of Hope and the New Frontier fall trippingly off the tongue. The mundane details of such things as cost containment too often elicit a yawn. But when it comes to health care, the devil is indeed in the details. How do we bring down the soaring costs of care?

The secret, says Clare Crawford-Mason, producer of the PBS documentary Good News...How Hospitals Heal Themselves, lies in the way hospitals are managed. "The American hospital, the center of health care, is a cottage industry in the post-industrial world," says Crawford-Mason, "and we can save billions of dollars by bringing them into the modern world."

Crawford-Mason was the producer of the NBC White paper "If Japan Can, Why Can't We" in 1980. In the course of making the documentary, she met W. Edwards Deming, the man who taught Japan how to work smarter. Deming showed the Japanese how systems thinking could replace competition with cooperation, eliminate the "blame game" and produce continual improvements in quality.

Deming wrote:

Unless all the individuals and departments of an organization share a commitment to a single unifying purpose or aim, there can be no system. Without a single shared purpose, the organization is a collection of individuals each with his or her own agenda and collections of departments each pursuing its own purpose. A single shared purpose is the only thing that can unite them.

In the film, and a companion book, The Nun and the Bureaucrat--How They Found an Unlikely Cure for America's Sick Hospitals, Crawford-Mason and co-author Lou Savary examine how Deming's principles were used in a group of Pittsburgh Hospitals. The nun in the book's title is Sister Mary Jean Ryan, CEO of SSM Health Care system. In 1989 she teamed with Former Treasury Secretary Paul O'Neill, who raised safety and profits dramatically at Alcoa, when he was that company's CEO, using Toyota automobile manufacturing methods that were guided by Deming. The hospitals have reduced waste and cost by almost 50 percent, eliminated hospital-acquired infections and reduced medication and medical errors and more.

So why isn't the health care debate focusing on solid ideas that actually work? Crawford-Mason says:

Effective management ideas don't fit in 15-second sound bites or on bumper stickers. Perhaps our leaders and candidates have too short attention spans to propose and debate complex solutions or are worried about boring the voters.

There isn't much drama in fixing management systems and increasing quality as doctors and nurses go about their daily business. There's no vanished Eden to bemoan, no city on a hill we have abandoned, no ideal America to get back to in the nitty-gritty details of fixing health care.

There's another old American tradition that collides with the Eden Myth. It's Yankee Ingenuity, the notion that we Americans can use our brains and our hands to sculpt solutions to intractable problems. W Edwards Deming, who died in 1993, came from that tradition.

"Americans like quick fixes and are suspicious of solutions 'not invented here,'" says Crawford-Mason, "so it's important to note that the man who developed the theory to better manage modern organizations began to devise his ideas as a young man on the Wyoming frontier in the early 20th century. Deming understood that Western towns prospered from barn raisings, quilting bees and other cooperative efforts, not lone rugged individualists."

It's that cooperative, common sense ingenuity that we need to get back to. The only map to Eden lies in our will and our brainpower.


 
 
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10:44 PM on 09/23/2009
The vocal minority has awoken a sleeping giant, namely, Consumers Union, publisher of Consumer Reports. Their message follows:
I know that most of us can’t visit our members of Congress in Washington, or drop by their local state office to add our voices in support of health reform.
But we can sign a petition to let them know we expect real change. Consumers Union, the publisher of Consumer Reports, has a simple petition that will be delivered to our own lawmakers in their district offices urging them to give all Americans access to affordable, reliable health coverage. Members of Congress give themselves good health coverage – it’s time they hear from those who don’t get the same opportunity!
Please add your name to this petition. Just go to PrescriptionforChange.org
and add your signature so you can get heard in support of health reform.
10:35 PM on 09/23/2009
The vocal minority has awoken a sleeping giant, namely, Consumers Union, publisher of Consumer Reports. Their message follows:
I know that most of us can’t visit our members of Congress in Washington, or drop by their local state office to add our voices in support of health reform.
But we can sign a petition to let them know we expect real change. Consumers Union, the publisher of Consumer Reports, has a simple petition that will be delivered to our own lawmakers in their district offices urging them to give all Americans access to affordable, reliable health coverage. Members of Congress give themselves good health coverage – it’s time they hear from those who don’t get the same opportunity!
Please add your name to this petition. Just go to www.PrescriptionforChange.org and add your signature so you can get get heard in support of health reform.
11:41 AM on 09/22/2009
Wonderful article, and thank you for bringing some of Deming's ideas to the forefront. They are sorely needed in this day and age. Be mindful, though, that they benefits of of cooperation that Deming describes are only there if the cooperation is voluntary. A government mandated "system" is not the same as one whose actors work together voluntarily.
11:38 AM on 09/22/2009
Wonderful article, and thank you for bringing some of Deming's ideas back into the forefront. They are sorely needed in this day and age. Be mindful, however, that the benefits of cooperation detailed are only there when the cooperation is voluntary. A government mandated "system" of cooperation is not the same as one whose actors work together voluntarily.
09:32 AM on 09/22/2009
Your quote from W. E. Deming carries a depth of meaning that cannot be overstated. It represents a view of human behavior that runs counter to the simplistic American mythology of individual, self-interested, motivation. In self-interested action, we can only destroy the systems by which we prosper as a people. In common purpose, our knowledge, talents, and technology become greater then sum the sum of the parts, and in that collaboration, all things become possible.

Deming's simple explanation of systems brings into sharp focus, the nature of human enterprise in all its forms. If we do not stop the practice of indoctrinating our children and ourselves with the dogma of self-interested action, our losses will continue to increase at an ever-increasing rate.
11:22 AM on 09/21/2009
A 5+ minute video clip for Good News...How Hospitals Heal Themselves is available at:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_TA-oot-T-0
08:51 AM on 09/21/2009
Good News…How Hospitals Heal Themselves was rebroadcast earlier this month in Pittsburgh, and I understand is available to all PBS stations around the country.
U.S. Voters are not fully aware of what is possible in terms of heath care reform and Good News…How Hospitals Heal Themselves conveys what is achievable and how.
With trust near an all-time low, both sides of the reform issue have a credibility challenge. Trust in Reform advocates can be greatly enhanced by documentaries from highly regarded independent sources, like PBS. Health care reformers can seize a golden opportunity, i.e. the rebroadcast of:
Good News…How Hospitals Heal Themselves
Sick Around the World
Money-driven Medicine
PBS member’s/viewer’s emails, telephone calls and letters to local PBS stations requesting rebroadcast of the aforementioned documentaries are necessary to counter the anti-reformer’s advertising. Contact information for local PBS station(s) can be obtained by visiting:
http://www.pbs.org/stationfinder/stationfinder_relocalize.html
07:24 AM on 09/21/2009
Great article. Crawford-Mason's book and video are excellent. I wish the boards of more hospitals -- and more politicians --- would take note.
HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Steve Brant
cultural change agent
11:15 PM on 09/20/2009
The story of W. Edwards Deming and the power of his "continuous learning and improvement" management philosophy (in which FEAR IS DRIVEN OUT of the work place, so employees are able to report all mistakes - even their own - as the opportunities for learning they really are) is the GREATEST UNTOLD STORY of the last 60 years. ("If Japan Can, Why Can't We?" - shown on NBC-TV once - being the exception to the rule).
Here are some resources I recommend on this subject:
http://www.managementwisdom.com
http://www.quality.nist.gov
http://www.deming.org
And this YouTube video on Dr. Deming's work, filmed sometime around 1990...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GHvnIm9UEoQ
12:44 PM on 09/20/2009
Deming's theory was introduced into America under the guise of "Total Quality Management." However, TQM radically re-interpreted Deming's theory against itself - instead of enhancing workers' cooperative commitment to the shared prosperity of the company of employment, workers were warned to report any co-workers underproducing - in short, a theory of a non-competitive workforce was twistd into a demand for increasingly dog-eat-dog competition among workers in the same company.
Until rightwing Darwinism, and Nietzsche bastardized by Ayn Rand, and Mussolini-style corporatism are all revealed as the vicious and self-destructive pathologies they are, and uprooted from American political and economic thought, our doom is sealed.
03:41 PM on 09/18/2009
Edward Demming! I haven't heard that name in a long, long time. It's too bad that he had to go to Japan to get his ideas implemented. Interestingly, I read a magazine article recently that mentioned that the schools in the area where the Toyota plant in Kentucky is located have started classes that teach the Japanese cooperative system of work. Demming's ideas implemented. My sense from the article is that the students don't get it.
01:38 PM on 09/18/2009
lacking attention to detail, something I'm definitely guilty of.