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Cassandra Jackson

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The Death of Black Boyhood

Posted: 06/26/2012 6:03 pm

In a NYtimes.com short documentary, "The Scars of Stop and Frisk," Tyquan Brehon estimates that he was stopped and frisked by New York City police over 60 times before he turned 18 years old. A report by the New York Civil Liberties Union suggests that Brehon's experience was not an anomaly. Though black males made up just 4.7 percent of the city's population, they formed 41.6 percent of stops by NYPD. According to a WNYC analysis, there were over 120,000 stops of kids between the ages of 14 and 18. Some reported being stopped as young as 12.

The persistent view of black men as predators has had dire consequences for black males, but we should remember that many of those who must bear the weight of this stigma are adolescent boys. It as if these children, through no fault of theirs, have leapt over adolescence and landed in the cross hairs where black men so often reside. I do not want to suggest, however, that black men deserve to suffer the consequences of the myth of the black male predator any more than black boys do, but rather that the idea that black men somehow spring into the world full-grown is an integral part of this dehumanizing myth.

The construction of black boys as men has meant that like black men, they must navigate the complex amalgam of being feared and targeted at once. Thus, the very characteristics that we so often find tolerable and even desirable in white male adolescents -- exuberance, willfulness, and impulsivity -- could get a black boy killed. There is no such thing as black boyhood in American culture, and black boys' imaginary manhood is being used as an excuse to bully and brutalize them.

Consider, for example, the representation of 17 year-old Trayvon Martin who was shot to death in Florida this February. When the shooter, George Zimmerman, made his first public statement at a bail hearing, he jumped at the chance to state that he was unaware that Martin was 17, and that he believed that Martin was nearly his age, 28. He said this as if to suggest that if Martin was 28, the shooting would surely have been justified. His lawyer claims that he was answering questions posed by Martin's mother. But Zimmerman was presenting his defense; he was telling the world that on the night of February 26th he killed a black man, not a boy. Zimmerman's defenders have also attempted to depict Martin as an adult by distributing photographs, some of them bogus, of a more mature-looking Martin. In a photo that appeared on the conservative news aggregation site, The Drudge Report, Martin wears a sleeveless white undershirt and displays gold teeth beneath the dark shadow of a mustache. The dimly lit photo appears to have been taken with a poor quality webcam that distorts Martin's face. Nonetheless, this single photo of a teenager posturing was picked up by numerous blogs that claim to present the real Trayvon Martin.

The tactic of justifying the death of a black boy by claiming that he was a man is not new. When 14-year-old Emmett Till was killed by white supremacists in 1955, a Mississippi newspaper, The Clarion Ledger printed photos that made Till appear more mature. In Emmett Till and the Mississippi Press, Davis Houck and Matthew Grindy point out that the photo which made Till appear to have a mustache was placed alongside a glamorous beauty shot of the white woman who accused him of flirting. The photograph of a more menacing-looking Till communicated to Mississippians that Till was not a sweet-faced boy, but instead a formidable predator who had insulted the virtue of a white woman. Defenders of Till's killers had reason to believe that by representing Till as a man, they could justify his murder. The shooting deaths of two adult black males in Mississippi just three months prior to the death of Till had received little attention from the public and no arrests were made.

Perhaps the concept of black boyhood has long been dead. But I want to believe that we can do something more than teach black boys how to quietly cooperate with the police and steer clear of armed, self-appointed, neighborhood watchmen. I want to believe that we can demand their childhood back, and yet, I am not sure how one reclaims a boy's adolescence after he has been stopped and frisked by police 60 times. Can one give back the fearless abandon of boyhood in country where Skittles can be perceived as a weapon? I do not know. But perhaps, we might begin with this simple ideological shift: a boy is a boy.

 
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01:10 PM on 07/26/2012
America wishes
"teach them how to co-operate with police"
parental responsibility is difficult and sorely lacking, check out this video:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GIdApdH9ZCg
09:38 PM on 07/18/2012
I have 100S of nasty e mails to proove it
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ipolitics123
The Left is not Liberal
04:57 AM on 07/18/2012
I wonder if you will be defending DuWayne Henderson and Davis Dawkins just as vigorously? These poor helpless black boys just got shot by a white man in Florida.

Unfortunately they were trying to rob an internet cafe at the time and the whole thing was caught on videotape. Oopsie!

http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-internet-cafe-shooting-20120717,0,303528.story
09:40 PM on 07/18/2012
Now you have done it IP you aee going to be called a racist and get nasty e mails.
This comment has been removed due to violations of our [Guidelines]
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dcr1
04:38 PM on 07/10/2012
As the sister of four brothers, i make sure i'm in contact with them, because i am fearful for them in this world, my brother was walking from the store with his youngest son, only to be thrown against a police cruiser a few moments later as my nephew looked on in horror, the individual they were looking for was five feet, balding, mustache. My brother is six feet, hair, no mustache and still had to produce his store receipt. I believe at this point a contributing factor, not excuse is they are now afraid at what our beautiful Black Men are, free thinking, successful, intellectual, human beings, and they cannot be stopped, they are strong in their reserve and this frightens them to no end., who would have thought that a black man would occupy the white house, as well as an afro american first lady? the disbelief, rage, jealousy over this matter is so apparent that the questions are not bordered on the ridiculous but have surpassed it, a birth certificate? religous affiliations? People change is here, they knew it was coming, the problem is they keep trying to push it back with violance and then want to accuse our men of it., innocence lost makes for a stronger individual is not thier right to hand out to our young black men, they deserve the same opportunity to grow as anyone else. What i find amazing is they do not feel any rights are due.
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Dedrick Warmack
04:06 PM on 07/04/2012
As an adult black male who Counsels children who have been abused/neglected I can say that I have a slight fear of all volatile youth. Understanding how they are perceived, I am cautious whenever I encounter a group of youth, whether they are white, black or hispanic. I grew up in Chicago, Illinois on the south side in the community of Englewood. As a kid, the first time I was struck in my face it was by a Police Officer while I was visiting family. He slapped me because I didn't know the person they were searching for and called me a liar. The accusations of lying hurt me as much as the powerful slap to my face. I was a straight A student who had never lied to anyone before then. Youth today are well aware of the way society perceives them, especially minority youth. There is an instance in the news every year to confirm their views about the threat that lies within society. From Emmit Till, Trayvon Martin, Oscar Grant, Rodney King and all the other young men who have been murdered by the police or society, minority youth know that the threat is always lurking right outside their door. The "no-snitch" policy continues in poor neighborhoods, the same cops that fail to protect you, often assault and humiliate you on a regular basis, comes asking you to assist them in doing their jobs like they care.
01:23 PM on 06/30/2012
Phenomenonal piece. This case is not just a tragedy but it has glaringly exposed how the vestiges of Jim Crowism and segregation are still apart of the American experience. I've seen comments from posters stating that if Trayvon had politely told this stranger where he were going he would be alive today.
I thought the days when black folk were required to walk with their freedom papers or documents detailing what plantation belonged to. We are far from a post racial society. All one has to do is reference the posts on conservative websites or on HP where posters complain of the "innocent photo" of Trayvon versus the more mature "frightening" image. One would swear that this 17 year old was the new "Boogie Man" for white men.
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Debanne
Indentured by the struggle
02:24 PM on 06/30/2012
I agree with you wholeheartedly.
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OCerInTN
Hoplophobics worst nightmare.
01:57 AM on 07/08/2012
Martin would be alive today if he had not attacked Zimmerman and instead just went to his father's home.
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Karissa36
Saving lost boys and fighting pirates.
02:46 PM on 06/29/2012
More information from that WNYC study:

"The demographics of Teachers Preparatory High School in Brownsville are 99 percent black and Latino. It takes only five minutes to find a group of 14-year olds here who say they have been stopped by police two, three, even seven times.

WNYC mapped the exact coordinates of every recorded stop of a teenager in 2011. It turns out the densest hot spot for stop and frisks of teenagers last year was along a four-block section of Brownsville, next to Teachers Preparatory High School, near the Marcus Garvey public housing projects.

Brownsville is in the 73rd precinct, which has one of the highest violent crime rates in the city."
08:31 AM on 06/30/2012
Karissa, that begs the question is stop & frisk having any positive effect on crime in these violence plagued neighborhoods? Would the residents of Brownsville and areas like it care if it did?
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Karissa36
Saving lost boys and fighting pirates.
08:46 PM on 07/01/2012
Interesting questions. On one side, it seems to make sense that people would be less likely to carry weapons under these conditions, so crime would be less. On the other side, people hostile to the police are less likely to report crime, or testify as witnesses, so more crime occurs without consequences.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Gigi1217
It's not me. It's you.
12:15 PM on 06/27/2012
This article brings up a good point. The stopping and frisking of black kids is so ironic. Usually, kids don't see color, or they see it and don't care. They can befriend other kids of another race or play with them, yet black kids are getting stopped just because of their race. Hopefully, the NYPD will see that this practice is doing more damage than good and put a stop to it.
09:28 PM on 07/18/2012
what color are the people that are doing 99 percent of the crimes? Could that be why the police are frisking them?
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Gigi1217
It's not me. It's you.
12:56 PM on 07/19/2012
Are you sure it's 99%? Or is that a number you just made up?

The whole point is that anyone could be a criminal or carry an illegal weapon. If a black man is getting stopped and frisked, but a white man isn't even though the white man is really the one who is looking to commit a crime, doesn't that mean the cops are overlooking certain ppl based on their race?

Also, if I'm not mistaken non-blacks are more likely to commit certain crimes such as sexual assaults. So if non-blacks aren't stopped and frisked too, the cops are allowing them to go off and hurt ppl.
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Lkdub7
The Voice of My Enemies Doesn't Frighten Me
10:49 AM on 06/27/2012
Boyhood goes out the window around 6 years old for black kids... I was learning to be a man and accept the cards dealt to me at 7 or 8 years old when I made my first white friend lol. I still remember Joey, that fool was crazy, we had fun being kids, but our parents weren't ready for that kind of ish. Like a lot of other young and ambitious black parents, I'm balancing how to raise my son in this new world with the hand he was dealt. I never discourage him from playing with his friends, but at the same time, how do I teach him not about who he is - because he is beautiful - but who he will soon be perceived to be (without damaging his self esteem and positive outlook on life). We aint the Obamas and Alabama aint Hawaii. I guess I'll just encourage him to be himself, and at the appropriate times teach the lessons of life he will need to learn (as with all yound males of dark skin) to ensure his survival in this crazy world. It can be such a groovy place if you know how to play the cards you were dealt ya dig. At least we're not in NY - RIP Trayvon Martin, Heroes die but legends live Forever.

My tribute to Trayvon, dig the artistic expression, if you can't, be blessed anyway

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F1vbUdrQFMQ&feature=plcp
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skelly3000
02:43 PM on 06/28/2012
ps: what does not living in NY have to do w/anything? just curious. b/c the south terrifies me. & i have without fail gotten treated crazy every single time i have crossed the mason dixon.
02:29 AM on 06/27/2012
Are stop and frisk tactics as widely used in global conflict spots like Palestine, Afganistan, Iran, etc as in the poor neighborhoods of NYC?

From the stats it sounds like in NYC as a male living or visiting a low income neighborhood you can expect to be stopped and frisked. Wow! Does not seem very American.
08:47 AM on 06/27/2012
How about drive by shootings? Seem very American?
05:16 PM on 06/27/2012
?huh?
05:15 PM on 06/27/2012
Not just low-income neighborhoods. anywhere in NYC.