The times have truly changed. According to the newly released The Shriver Report: A Woman's Nation Changes Everything, women now make up half the work force for the first time in written history! This means that our voices and skills are impacting all areas of society more than ever before. The Shriver Report also found that for both men and women, health is their number one priority! Since women make the vast majority of healthcare decisions in their families--and have the buying power to do it--we women are in a very powerful position to influence the future of healthcare in America. Nowhere is this more critical than in the area of pregnancy and birth.
As an obstetrician/gynecologist, I have spent the last 30 years educating women about the wisdom of their bodies, including their innate ability to birth normally. Yet our so-called healthcare system, which is a direct reflection of the beliefs of our culture, sees the female body and its processes (like labor) as an accident waiting to happen. Media images of birth as an emergency play right into this. The truth is that labor and birth need not be the emergencies we think they are. And the medicalization of birth actually does more harm than good.
Progress Set Us Back
I was a resident back in the late 1970's when electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) was first introduced and lauded as a panacea that would prevent cerebral palsy and birth injuries. Thirty years later, data indicates that the only thing EFM has done reliably is increase the rate of Cesarean section (C-section) births. George Macones, M.D., who headed up the development of the latest fetal monitoring guidelines for the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, summarized it quite nicely: "Since 1980, the use of EFM has grown dramatically, from being used on 45 percent of pregnant women in labor to 85 percent in 2002. Although EFM (electronic fetal monitoring) is the most common obstetric procedure today, unfortunately it hasn't reduced perinatal mortality or the risk of cerebral palsy. In fact, the rate of cerebral palsy has essentially remained the same since World War II, despite fetal monitoring and all of our advancements in treatments and interventions." [1]
Monitoring also reliably draws the attention away from the laboring woman herself, who needs the support, and transfers it to the monitor screen--as if she and the monitor screen were two separate entities.
Dangerous Interventions Soar
Given our love affair with technology and the mind/body split that is part of health in the United States and birth in particular, it's little wonder that our C-section rate is now a whopping 33 percent. [2] This is particularly troubling given that the World Health Organization says that an optimal rate is 5-10 percent, and that recent research shows that anything over 15 percent does more harm than good. [3]
The rate of births by C-section keeps going up every year, and over the past decade, it's increased by more than 50 percent. Way back in 1965, for example, the rate was only 4.5 percent! [4] At least in part, these sky-high rates may be linked to doctors' fears of being sued. In 2003, more than three quarters of all American obstetricians were sued at least once, with a median award of $2.3 million for medical negligence in childbirth. As a result, many doctors are more likely to opt for performing a C-section at the first sign of a complication. [5]
Then there's the issue of labor inductions. In 2006, more than 22 percent of all pregnant women in the UNITED STATES had induced labors, a rate that has more than doubled in the last 20 years. [6] Similarly, women have been brainwashed into believing that because a C-section can be planned it's therefore preferable to a normal birth--which, again, society sees as messy and inconvenient.
Labor proceeds on its own schedule. The exquisite timing that is a result of the delicate interaction between a baby and her mother needs to be respected. Our culture's collective trust in C-sections and labor inductions that increase the risk of surgical birth is mind-boggling! The Shriver Report points out that women still seek permission from authority figures far more often than men do. We still don't trust ourselves. No wonder we so willingly turn over our bodies during birth.
Risky labor inductions for "convenience" and all the complications associated with them--increased risk of prematurity, C-section, bladder and bowel injury, and maternal death--are now on the rise all over the country. It troubles me that more women don't realize that a Cesarean section is major surgery. And it carries with it a risk of maternal death that is five to seven times greater than a normal birth. [7]
More Maternal Death Than Reported
Unfortunately, the American public in general (physicians included) has a false sense of security about the safety of C-sections because the statistics on maternal death in the UNITED STATES are misleading. It's well known that the maternal death rate in any given population is a very good indicator of the overall health status of that population, as is infant mortality. Unlike most other developed countries, pregnancy-related death statistics for the United States include only women who die within a six-week period after a pregnancy ends. Other developed countries include deaths that occur up to one year afterward.
According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the number of maternal deaths in the United States is probably up to three times as high as the number reported in our national statistics because not all maternal deaths are classified as pregnancy-related on the death certificate. [8] According to midwife Ina May Gaskin, who launched the The Safe Motherhood Quilt Project to bring this issue to public attention, the maternal death rate has actually doubled in the UNITED STATES in the last 25 years. It was 7.5 per 100,000 live births in 1982. In 1999, that rate had risen to 13.2 deaths per 100,000 births. By 2005, it was up to 15.1 per 100,000 live births! In some New York City hospitals, it's higher still. Moreover, Hispanic and Black women continue to have much higher maternal death rates--perhaps four times as high or higher.
Gaskin wrote, "When I first became curious about the maternal death rate in the UNITED STATES, I wondered why it was so difficult to unearth in the medical library. This was in the early 1990's. I noticed a sharp contrast between how maternal deaths are counted here in the United States and the United Kingdom's system of Confidential Enquiries, where four countries cooperate to achieve 100 percent ascertainment of maternal deaths that are directly related to pregnancy and birth. (They claim 97 percent accuracy.) According to the CDC, the actual number may be 1.6 to 3 times the figure that is published annually. I find this shocking, especially since we know that the maternal death rate has been rising in recent years--something that isn't happening in other countries " [9] Currently, according to the World Health Organization and several United Nations agencies, the United States ranks behind no fewer than forty other nations in preventing maternal deaths (based upon an official but unreliable number). [10]
Normal Birth, Safe Birth
Studies have repeatedly shown that in healthy mothers with no risk factors, home birth is as safe as hospital birth. Increasingly, savvy women who trust their ability to birth normally are opting to avoid the hospital altogether (or at least have the foresight to hire a midwife or doula). And who can blame them? One study in the Netherlands looked at almost 530,000 low-risk planned births and found that with the proper services in place (such as a well-trained midwife and good transportation), home births are just as safe as hospital births. [11] In fact, home birth may even be safer.
Ina May Gaskin reports that at The Farm Midwifery Center, the C-section rate is only 1.4 percent--a safety rate unparalleled by hospitals. And her experience is clearly not solitary. A landmark study published in the British Medical Journal in 2005 found that natural birth at home, under the care of certified practicing midwives, is safe for low-risk mothers and their babies. This study, which tracked more than 5,000 mothers in the United States and Canada, also reported that home births with low-risk mothers resulted in much lower rates of medical interventions when compared to the intervention rates for low-risk mothers giving birth in hospitals. For example, the episiotomy rate was 2.1 percent for the home-birth group, compared with 33 percent for hospital births, and labor was induced in only 9.6 percent of home births, compared to 21 percent of hospital births. The rate of electronic fetal monitoring, C-sections, forceps or vacuum delivery, and epidurals were also much lower with home births. [12]
A Woman's Birthright
The Pulitzer Prize winning journalists Sheryl WuDunn and Nicolas D. Kristof, authors of Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide (2009), point out that focusing on the needs of women and girls is the number one issue of this century. I couldn't agree more. One of those needs is fostering a woman's trust in the processes of her body instead of making them into surgical emergencies that aren't medically indicated.
When it comes to pregnancy and birth, we as a culture and as individuals need to wake up and claim our right to literally birth right!
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Copyright Christiane Northrup, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited.
This information is not intended to treat, diagnose, cure, or prevent any disease.
All material in this article is provided for educational purposes only. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you have regarding a medical condition, and before undertaking any diet, exercise, or other health program.
References:
[1] American College of Gynecologists and Obstetricians, "Practice Bulletin No. 106: Intrapartum Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring: Nomenclature, Interpretation, and General Management Principles," Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol. 114, no. 1 (July 2009), pp. 192-202.
[2] B.E. Hamilton, J. A. Martin, and S. J. Ventura, "Births: Preliminary Data for 2007," National Vital Statistics Report, vol. 57, no. 12 (March 18, 2009), p.3.
[3] F. Althabe and J.F. Belizan, "Caesarean Section: The Paradox," The Lancet, vol. 368 (2006), pp.1472-3.
[4] S. M. Taffel, P. J. Placek, and T. Liss, "Trends in the United States Cesarean Section Rate and Reasons for the 1980-85 Rise," American Journal of Public Health, vol. 77, no. 8 (1987), pp. 955-9.
[5] American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) 57th Annual Clinical Meeting: Papers on Current Clinical and Basic Investigation. Presented May 5, 2009.
[6] American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, "Practice Bulletin No. 107: Induction of Labor," Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 114 (2009), pp. 386-397.
[7] M. H. Hall, "Commentary: Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Death," British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, vol. 97, no. 8 (Aug. 1990), pp. 752-53; N. Schuitemaker et al., "Maternal Mortality After Cesarean Section in the Netherlands," Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, vol. 76, no. 4 (1997), pp. 332-34.
[8] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "State-Specific Maternal Mortality Among Black and White Women--United States, 1987-1996," Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, vol. 48, no. 23 (June 18, 1999).
[9] A. de Jonge, et al., "Perinatal Mortality and Morbidity in a Nationwide Cohort of 529,688 Low-Risk Planned Home and Hospital Births," BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, vol. 116 (August 2009), pp. 1177-84.
[10] Gaskin, I., Northrup, C. Safe Motherhood Quilt, www.drnorthrup.com. (August 2009).
[11] Hill, K., et. al. "Estimates of maternal mortality worldwide between 1990 and 2005: an assessment of available data," The Lancet, (August 13, 2007) 370, 1311-1319.
[12] K. C. Johnson and B. A. Daviss, "Outcomes of Planned Home Births with Certified Professional Midwives: Large Prospective Study in North America," British Medical Journal, vol. 330, no. 7505 (June 18, 2005), p. 1416.
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I was a week late. My midwife let me be "late." I went to an acupuncturist to bring on labor. I got to the hospital 6 cm. I fought for intermittent monitoring, the right to walk, to keep my bra on. "Cut it off in an emergency," I said. The head labor nurse wanted me to stay in triage for delivery. Again, I fought to deliver in a birthing suite. There were three open, but nurses didn't want to have to walk. I won when my midwife threatened to call a supervisor. My baby was born in three pushes. No epidural, episiotomy, or drugs. It was the most empowering feeling I have ever had.
As I walked the halls that day, I watched five other women go off for C-sections. Their labors just weren't progressing, they were told. Not surprising since they were lying in bed for hours with epidurals. I wrote a story where one of my sources said something pretty smart: You can't get ketchup out of a bottle that's lying on its side. Of course those women, who were laboring on their backs, were doomed. Besides the fact that -- with an epidural -- they weren't going to be able to feel what was going on anyway.
Thank you, Dr. Northrup! I'll keep blogging and tweeting about this, but it's more believable when someone like you says it.
One thing did turn me off, my obg was not there to deliver me another doctor from the same clinic was and the next day as he came by to see how I was doing, although he congratulated me on the "great job" he mentioned how next time I should consider an epidural because whoever told me that natural was better just wanted me to suffer....I, however, wish to differ. I was up and walking hours after my birth and could really enjoy my son without being drowsy. Also...I didn't have to deal with a 4 inch needle getting put into my spinal chord. The fact that he encouraged painkillers made me happy he was not my regular doctor!!!
Experts throw out a lot of statistics, but I'm living flesh and blood proof that women need help and can take control of their birth(s) and lives. Contact Mothers Emerge Worldwide at mothersemergeworldwide@gmail.com We can help. Have a great day!!!!
Read more at: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/christiane-northrup/c-section-or-natural-birt_b_323422.html
Experts throw out a lot of statistics, but I'm living flesh and blood proof that women need help and can take control of their birth(s) and lives back. Contact Mothers Emerge Worldwide at mothersemergeworldwide@gmail.com. Have a great day!!!!
http://www.prlog.org/10378551-more-women-dying-in-childbirth-in-us-hospitals-advocates-argue-natural-birth-safer.html
More than anything I am concerned that there is such aggressive response on both sides. My choice does not need to be yours, nor do I care to make a judgement call on your choice. I like to think that everyone does what is best for their family. I feel blessed that we live in a country where we have choice. Just because I choose hospital because of age and medical history, does not mean I think any less of your choice. I am however bummed that I cannot discuss such choices with other mothers without getting bombarded with suggestions that I am doing wrong. Truth be told I just lie or change subject to avoid discussion.
I wish you all the best and hope as women/mothers and people in general we can all better support one another.
Can you share an example of the aggression that you speak of? I haven't seen any. I have seen that many women are passionat about this issue because of the lack of choice (MW attended homebirth is still illegal in many states) and because women and babies are dying unnecessarily.
You feel blessed to have "choice" because the one thing you wanted was available to you. Unfortunately, women all over this country are not able to choose what they want. I would recommend doing some research on the history of childbirth in the US. Women's choices were taken away from them back in the early 1900s and they have not been fully restored.
I continue to choose hospital route but I also research what I can so that I have some knowledge to push for a high standard of care for my child and myself within realm of safety. I would like more choice available (ie different hospital facilities, more time with doc, better insurance), but I too have limitations. What I choose is not what I want 100%, but at this point I can only make the best of my personal scenario. I know there is more that can be done to support those in the future so what do you recommend for that.
What do you recommend for change ... better malpractice controls? better education for doctors? leglislative?
What education do you recommend ... studies? websites? historical?
My OBGYN tried to schedule a c-section when I was 6 months pregnant (for a date 2 1/2 months away) because the baby was in a breech position. I explained that I expected my baby to continue to summersault until he was born so no thanks... the OBGYN was indignant and said he might not be there if I insisted on waiting to schedule my section because he was going on holiday. I explained that I would be crossing my legs, hoping to deliver when he was away.
My son was almost 3 weeks late and the Dr. talked me into an induction. I was kept on a monitor and not allowed to walk but labor went quickly. My hubby and I figured I was in late labor after 6 hours but the nurse laughed and said I was still in the first stages... I let her talk me into 1/4 strength epidural but it turned out hubby and I had been right and I delivered 14 minutes after epidural. The epidural gave me a "headache" that kept me on my back in hospital for 9 days - if I tried to sit, I would pass out immediately.
Second son.. all natural and 100% easier both to get through and to recover from.
quite another to go home after major abdominal surgery with one or more infants either in tow or
in NICU. I think most insurance companies will only pay for 48 hours hospital time for post section care. While it may be appropriate to get women out of the high risk hospital environment, it is not appropriate to turn them loose with no help. When my mother had me, in 1955 (she found and sent me the bill recently, it came to about $525) it was normal to stay in the hospital for a week after a vaginal delivery.
Now I read from one poster on another forum that, after her c-section delivery of preemie twins, she was discharged 36 hours later but refused to leave her babies alone in the NICU nursery, so with the nurses' permission she CAMPED OUT on a couch in the NICU waiting room. 36 hours after major abdominal surgery. There is something very wrong with that picture.
How about some 'halfway suites' for a few more days of assisted and monitored recovery ?
I really can't imagine many males being okay with going home a couple days after a c-section,
new baby in tow. But for women it's the norm ?
I will say that if I decide to have another baby, I will have a midwife at home (if I get to own a home), like my mom did with all 5 of her children. And every so often, I have a sharp pain in the small of my back where the needle was inserted.
Congrats to ALL mothers for going through with childbirth, regardless of how you did it.
Epidurals are safe & effective. My husband has even had one for a slipped disk. I went to one of the best hospitals in the country to deliver my 1st daughter... their epidural rate was just above 80%. I was present & comfortable during delivery. I felt my contractions (just not the pain) & was able to push with ease. Please stop with the scare tactics... it's the same thing that the anti-choice protesters do outside of Planned Parenthood.
And as for the post below, are women strong? Of course we are. Do we have to smash beer cans on our head to prove it... uhhh... no. If you want to feel the pain as part of pregnancy... be my guest. However, don't impose your mandate on other women who choose not to... don't scare them into thinking that epidurals are some dangerous choice that endangers their baby... they are used safely everyday.
Medical technology in childbirth encompasses much more than drugs for pain management and those technological inventions do not always make mothers and babies safer. Sometimes they actually harm mothers and babies.
It's sad that we can't have a discussion about the risks of various interventions without posters equating mothers who can manage pain without drugs to dogs.
http://www.prlog.org/10242581-american-pregnancy-association-encourages-expecting-mothers-to-drink-herbal-tea.html
As an obstetric nurse, let me tell you about one statistic they're NOT listing:
Wanna guess what the rate is of emergency room admitted "home-births-gone-wrong?"
I have seen SO MANY WOMEN try this cute little home-birth maneuver only to be eventually put into my hands (via ambulance) at the hospital so that I can save their life and their baby's life.
We don't HAVE to "guess" what the rate is. We know for a fact that homebirth has been proven safe for low-risk women over and over again most recently in this study: http://bit.ly/FS6ps
And you know what's really interesting about your comment, is the whole "saving their life" drama.. I really WOULD like to see some stats on that, because actually the true transport "emergencies" from homebirths are vanishingly rare. Most transports are just due to maternal exhaustion or expressing a desire for something one can only get in the hospital like drugs. Can you provide statistics from your hospital about 1) planned 2) attended homebirth that had a 3) transport that was 4) life-threatening? I'd love to see those numbers.
I could tell you many "cute" stories of women turning to homebirth after the hideous, abusive, life-endangering and sometimes illegal treatment they received in hospitals. But just because women and babies die in hospitals every day isn't a reason to say no one should birth there right? We should actually look at the real numbers and risks and go from there, instead of flinging anecdotes.