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Christopher F. Jones

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Keystone Pipeline: Facts and Fictions

Posted: 03/22/2012 2:45 pm

The Keystone XL Pipeline shows little sign of going away. Despite the Obama administration's decision to reject the first proposal, it is widely expected that TransCanada will submit a revised plan in the coming months. And in the meantime, the pipeline continues to attract powerful backers and opponents. Former President Bush has called it a "no-brainer" and Joe Nocera has written two columns defending the pipeline in the New York Times (column 1; column 2). Many have argued as vociferously against the pipeline, including environmentalist Bill McKibben (founder of 350.org) and a group of Nobel Peace Prize winners including the Dalai Lama.

I have already written that I agree with the pipeline's opponents. Given that pipelines are like marriages, I do not believe this is a good soul mate for America when the long-term implications are considered. But since we can expect these issues to be discussed repeatedly in coming months, it is worth taking the time to separate fact from fiction.

Fact: Stopping the Keystone Pipeline will not prevent global warming

Though the Keystone Pipeline is capable of transporting large quantities of oil -- up to 590,000 barrels per day -- and tar sand oil is more polluting than conventional crude, this pipeline is not the climate end game. The maximum capacity of the pipeline is only 3 percent of current U.S. consumption (roughly 19 million barrels per day) and 0.7 percent of global consumption (roughly 85 million barrels per day). This has a major carbon footprint but is only one among many of the climate challenges we face. In order to address climate change, we will need a wide-ranging response that addresses issues far beyond the Keystone Pipeline.

Fiction: America needs this oil

Americans waste a huge amount of oil. It has recently been estimated that 350 million barrels of oil (nearly a million barrels of oil a day -- a greater amount than the capacity of the Keystone Pipeline) is wasted on food that is thrown out (the oil is used in fertilizers, tractors, long-haul trucks, and by consumers to drive to grocery stores). American drivers waste an estimated 1.9 billion gallons of fuel (roughly equivalent to 45 million barrels of oil) in congested traffic every year. Simply making sure that all tires were properly inflated could save 1.2 billion gallons of fuel per year, another 28 million barrels. Efficiency improvements like better insulation and hybrid vehicles could achieve further savings while putting money back in people's pockets. We do not need more barrels of oil; we need to patch the leaks in the barrels we are using.

Fact: We can weaken OPEC by reducing consumption

One of the frequent defenses of the Keystone Pipeline is that it will prevent American dollars from flowing to the Middle East. The problem with this view is that oil is a fungible commodity. If the United States shifts its fuel mix to absorb less oil from OPEC and more from Canada, the extra oil from OPEC will be absorbed by international markets. OPEC nations will still continue to profit. As basic economics tells us, lowering consumption lowers the demand curve, thereby acting to decrease the market price of oil. This means that all OPEC nations will receive a lower price for their oil regardless of where it is purchased, arguably a better outcome for American foreign policy than simply shifting the fuel mix.

Fiction: Tar sand oil is not significantly worse for climate change than conventional oil

Some pipeline advocates are citing a recent IHS-CERA study that argues tar sand oil produces only 6 percent more carbon than conventional crude. This is an overly optimistic estimate from an industry-affiliated group that is not consistent with other findings. Tar sands must be mined with giant trucks and then heat is applied in order to separate the bitumen from the sands, thereby increasing the carbon footprint. A more reasonable estimate of 20-25% is found in a detailed analysis by Stanford Assistant Professor Adam Brandt. Moreover, a recent report notes that the overall impact may even be significantly worse than previously thought because tar sand companies are replacing boggy peat lands that absorb large amounts of carbon with dry forests when they are finished mining. We do not have determinative data yet to calculate the exact difference between tar sand oil and conventional crude, but there is little doubt that it is much higher than 6 percent.

Fact: We cannot prevent climate change if we cannot say no to projects like the Keystone Pipeline

Proponents of the Keystone Pipeline are correct to note that stopping its construction will not halt global warming. And the project does offer some virtues including job creation and increased energy security. But an inversion of this statement is also true. If we cannot agree to say no to projects that will entrench the use of fossil fuel energy -- even if they offer some short-term benefits -- we cannot hope to prevent global warming. Stopping the Keystone Pipeline, therefore, is important because it signals a willingness to make difficult decisions in the present that will have significant benefits in the future.

At the end of the day, we do not want more oil for its own sake -- we want it for the things it does for us. American consumers want convenient personal transport and warm homes, not oil. Politicians want to achieve energy security and less dependence on hostile governments. These goals can be achieved with less oil, and at less cost, through conservation. Rather than building the Keystone Pipeline, we will be better served by trimming the fat from our current energy system.

 
The Keystone XL Pipeline shows little sign of going away. Despite the Obama administration's decision to reject the first proposal, it is widely expected that TransCanada will submit a revised plan in...
The Keystone XL Pipeline shows little sign of going away. Despite the Obama administration's decision to reject the first proposal, it is widely expected that TransCanada will submit a revised plan in...
 
 
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07:49 AM on 04/20/2012
There is much more to this issue than just oil spills. Below is an intriguing thought provoking piece . Consider scrapping oil and embracing electric sources through batteries. Now what do we do w the spent batteries and disposal of them? How does this affect the environment?
An issue environmentlist sweep under the rug!
http://www.tnonline.com/2012/mar/10/our-country-downward-spiral
05:30 PM on 03/26/2012
If we pump oil from Canada all the way across the US then the oil should stay in the US and not go to China, India and the rest of the world.

Approval of the pipeline should require that the oil be used in the US.
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artleads
Let's have a national retreat.
11:00 AM on 03/26/2012
I don't know what's happening around KXL. Nobody is opposing the southern extension. All the polite "liberal" pundits are predicting, with glee, that the entire pipeline will be approved before the election. Have progressives given up on opposing KXL? Bill McKibben is talking about a coalition of carbon opposers. Where is that going, and will it happen in time to stop KXL to the north of OK?
11:43 PM on 03/25/2012
A couple of fallacies in your argument that I see after a quick glance.

1.) You state that reduced demand will reduce prices. The demand is presently down in the U.S. yet prices are continually going up. That argument doesn't hold water. In case you have forgotten this is a global economy and global quest for oil. In addition, how does the U.S. or the Huffington Post plan on reducing demand in China and India to effect a reduction in price ?
Not a well thought out argument once again.

2.) You speak about the energy used to produce oil from sand tars, etc. Have you looked at the energy used and costs to commodities of ethanol. Ethanol is a net loss in energy and most everyone acknowledges that now. So, why are you still defending ethanol and not mentioning the
subsidies and costs to the American Public of the leftists ethanol agenda ?

I just love it when people express ideology rather than deal with facts.

I think most people will do what is right if given the unfiltered facts rather than a spin on such.
11:29 AM on 03/26/2012
Your comments regarding ethanol seriously misrepresent the point and content of the article. The author did not defend or criticize ethanol. You seem to have introduced the subject as a red herring in a failed attempt to express your own ideology.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ambrecel
09:04 PM on 03/25/2012
And can they line the pipes with diamonds to stop the sand paper from taking out the pipe?
10:01 PM on 03/23/2012
If they built a pipe line just to ship the oil to China ...............

Sounds like an inside deal to make some people even richer with no benefit to the American public.

Make them guarantee that 50% or more of the oil will be kept in America and then see if they still want to built it.
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Robert Lee Harrington
I'd Love To Change The World..
08:22 PM on 03/24/2012
Already shot down by republicans in the Senate

Top Contributors, 2011-2012Contributor Amount
Exxon Mobil $992,573
Koch Industries $872,912
Oxbow Carbon & Minerals $750,250

Top Recipients, 2011-2012Candidate Office Amount
Perry, Rick (R) $833,674
Dewhurst, David H (R-TX) $650,850
Romney, Mitt (R) $597,950
McConnell, Mitch (R-KY) Senate $264,700
Barrasso, John A (R-WY) Senate $225,400

http://www.opensecrets.org/industries/indus.php?ind=E01
Chesapeake Energy $669,251
Chevron Corp $619,266
Occidental Petroleum $520,098
Energy Transfer Partners $365,650
Crownquest Operating $358,500
Valero Energy $335,887
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lakabux
Imagine...
03:21 PM on 03/23/2012
Bush thinks it's a 'no-brainer?'

Well, he would know.
02:23 PM on 03/23/2012
Fact: America is loaded with natural gas and we can use it in our cars.
Now get the EPA out of the way, eliminate the ridiculous EPA CNG conversion licensing hurdles, and mandate that all car manufactures to offer the same Tri-Fuel (Gasoline, Pure Ethanol, Compressed Natural Gas) engines here that are sold in Brazil.

In the immortal words of Ross Perot- "Problem Solved!"
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grappler1987
Heaven is a gift, not a reward
09:52 PM on 03/23/2012
Sounds cool. I'll have to look up the Tri-Fuel engines.
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ddeanfountain
I think micro-bios are overrated!
02:37 AM on 03/24/2012
mandate that all car manufactures to offer the same Tri-Fuel (Gasoline, Pure Ethanol, Compressed "Natural Gas) engines here that are sold in Brazil."

The problem with tri-fuel and dual fuel vehicles for that matter is the difference in amount of power generated between the different fuels in a engine designed primarily for a single fuel source. Although I've yet to read anything on any country that has tri-fueled vehicles. Several auto makers have developed engines that offer 100% the power of gasoline fueled by ethanol or by CNG. However, that level of power changes if your engines operate on multiple fuels. And by the way, to my knowledge Brazil has never used pure ethanol as automotive fuel. They've varied the mixtures over the past decades because of changes in prices drops in the past. These have included what we call E85, 60-40, 70-30 and several other alternatives. And the problem with mandating something is who's going to pay for it and who's going to pay for the infrastructure required to make CNG and ethanol (not to mention electric) available to the masses. Until that's done do you really think the automakers are going to build a car where only a small percentage of the population has access to refueling stations?
12:05 PM on 03/24/2012
The point is the technology is available. Ford, Chevy, VW and many other manufacturers sell these cars elsewhere.
Many Americans DO have access to CNG and/or can fill up at home. Ethanol really makes no sense in the USA because we use corn to mek it.
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01:46 PM on 03/27/2012
"The problem with tri-fuel and dual fuel vehicles for that matter is the difference in amount of power generated between the different fuels"

Apparently, that was a problem 30 years ago. The tri-fuel cars in Brazil work great. The computer chip in the car switches between CNG and gasoline as needed on the fly. If you run out of gasoline before you run out of CNG, then the car will become "underpowered", but it will still get you to the nearest gas station.

"And by the way, to my knowledge Brazil has never used pure ethanol as automotive fuel. "

umm, you've never heard of E100? Of neat ethanol vehicles?

You're full of misinformation here. Try googling the Nissan Siena Tetra Fuel for a modern "Tri-Fuel" vehicle (they call it Tetra Fuel for marketing purposes) and E100 Brazil.
01:12 PM on 03/23/2012
How about building 2 new refineries ?

One near the Canada border and one a little farther south so that the fuel produced can be used in the US.
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WeMustDoBetter09
02:16 PM on 03/23/2012
Kenz300 enenews has news of big COVERUP in Japan.
RT video. Just thought I'd let you know...
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grappler1987
Heaven is a gift, not a reward
09:54 PM on 03/23/2012
Refineries are placed near the customer. Are there many customers by the Canadian border?
01:11 PM on 03/23/2012
Maybe we should require all that oil to stay in the US.
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Reno Fickler
Head Lifeguard/Dead Sea Marina
01:05 PM on 03/23/2012
GM shut down the plant for a month or so that makes the VOLT due to lack of sales. Fossil fuel usage will be around for a LONG time. Think about something. If the price of gas is so high you really can't afford to do much driving, now your movements have been controlled. Hmmm.
Vehicles, although vastly improved since 1995 (with the advent of electronic controls called OB 2) are still the main culprit. Have you seen the tiny, one passenger German car that uses 1 gallon of diesel per 258 miles? They are kinka like an enclosed motorcycle. They cost $600 (Yea, six hundred dollars) and will be available soon. I'd pay for one today if I knew where to put in my order. Damn clever, them Krauts (I can say that 'cause I am one).
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ddeanfountain
I think micro-bios are overrated!
02:56 AM on 03/24/2012
Diesel fuel has a greater power for the equivalent volume of gasoline yet diesel engines in cars, not trucks, has never caught on as it has in Europe or elsewhere in the world. The car you describe is being developed by VW although it is far from becoming production ready and I seriously doubt at a retail cost of $600.

The VOLT's lack of sales stem from questions raised about it's safety. Electric vehicles will never become more than the localized commuter vehicle unless something changes. Besides being limited in driving distance, the refueling/recharging time needed further limits their use. I've often wondered if they shouldn't create a standardized battery system so once you needed recharging you simply pulled into a recharging center, swapped your battery pack for a newly charged pack then on your way again. We already do that everyday with these portable propane bottles hooked up to gas grills!
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Reno Fickler
Head Lifeguard/Dead Sea Marina
06:45 PM on 03/25/2012
Correct, to an extent. The 22 to 1 compression ratio of a diesel has a lot to do with the power released, also. The cost in the artilce I read WAS $600. Actually, VW said about $35-45 THOUSAND. Further research in turn revealed that this has been an "engineering excercise" going on since 2002.
VW also has an electric car (same price range) that has the passenger sitting behind the driver and will charge off of standard house-hold current in about 3 hours.
I agree that most will be commuter vehicles ONLY and GREAT idea for battery swaps.
I just don't want to be in one of those things when a semi goes by at 75 mph.
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chrisd3
11:50 AM on 03/24/2012
The Volt line wasn't the only one they shut down--but it's the only one anyone talks about.

It was, however, the only one that Limbaugh was largely responsible for, with his relentless bogus attacks on the vehicle. The man is beyond comprehension.
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Reno Fickler
Head Lifeguard/Dead Sea Marina
06:47 PM on 03/25/2012
I totally agree. "Limbaugh" and "comprehension" seem to be mutually exclusive.
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standup11
Some people just never learn.
01:04 PM on 03/23/2012
Again, Why should we help Canada sell dirty tar sand oil to China? Only a few jobs created. Plus who is really going to benefit in our country - the Koch Brothers. Obama blew it on the environment again. Sucking up to Big Oil. He's talking out of both sides of his mouth on Keystone XL. The environment is one area where Obama sometimes acts like a dumb Repub.
12:56 PM on 03/23/2012
Interesting that we need a pipeline, maybe we need to build a refinery near the Canadian border, this would create many jobs also. Maybe this refinery should be government owned this giving the people some leverage against the other petroleum companies. Building a refinery up there would be good, maybe it would not continually be shutting down creating shortages because of gulf weather! California should also build one as we seem to continually have the highest prices, maybe we could create some income from one!
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ddeanfountain
I think micro-bios are overrated!
03:03 AM on 03/24/2012
Building a refinery near Canada won't satisfy their desire to pipe this oil for export to foreign countries (China) as is their primary intention. China agreed to underwrite the cost of the original XL pipeline in exchange for first option rights to purchase this oil.
06:39 PM on 03/24/2012
Yes we are paying a fortune for gas and the big oil companies are exporting 30% for their own pockets! Lets think about this country a little first, but it is only investers first!
12:28 PM on 03/23/2012
"These goals can be achieved with less oil, and at less cost, through conservation"

Ah yes.. but haven't we been trying conservation for a number of decades now? And look, here we are today. It hasn't worked.
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silverwolf13
I know that I do not know.
09:07 PM on 03/25/2012
You may have noticed that when gas prices get near $5 a gallon, people start to ride public transit. Of course, they quickly notice that, because public transit has been underfunded for many years, service is inadequate, so they quickly switch back to driving solo when the price of gas goes down. Why not direct more money to public transit, so that it will be there when we need it?
12:07 PM on 03/23/2012
Good post..but..as with many of these energy development arguments, there are a couple of key factors that don't seem to get included in the debate. Impacts to Air and Water, the FIRST two ESSENTIAL elements necessary for human survival. 50% of our oxygen for breathing comes from land-based forests, grasslands, wetlands, and 50% comes from ocean-based, temperature sensitive phyto-plankton. The Alberta tar sands extraction to be delivered via the Keystone Pipeline is wiping out thousands of miles of forests and boreal wetlands that produce our oxygen. These same sources (phyto-plankton and forests) also produce rain for drinking, crops, and livestock. So, when debating about energy projects that eliminate huge areas of forest, grasslands, wetlands, rainforests, etc., we are talking about impacting the planetary systems that produce our air, water and ultimately food, jobs, etc. We sacrifice air, water and food for an fossil fuel extraction process that is touted as jobs. The loss of large natural areas and their oxygen and rainfall production is also changing the climate, warming the planet, creating more drought, etc. It's all linked. Air and water can't be substituted--but fossil fuel can. But then, as long as the corporation that I have my investments in makes a bunch of money for me, who cares about the kids' future ?
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silverwolf13
I know that I do not know.
09:15 PM on 03/25/2012
But who cares about breathing so long as we have cheap gas?

Oh, it's not so cheap anymore. But who cares so long as we can defeat Al Qaeda, Hamas, and Hezbollah.

Oh, our oil dollars go to support Al Qaeda, Hamas, and Hezbollah, as well as the Iranian bomb.

So maybe we need to find a way around using so much oil? Like maybe using more mass transit?