Truth, they say, is the first casualty of war. This seems to hold even in chimp war.
It's amazing how eagerly the mainstream media trumpets any and all research findings that lend the slightest support to the narrative in which warfare is an integral, ancient part of our primate past. From a psychological perspective, it's tempting to conclude that the media frenzy that predictably breaks out every time scientists report evidence of chimpanzee warfare is due to an unconscious desire to deflect shame felt over human brutality. "It's not our fault," the thinking seems to go, "It's human nature. Look at chimps! They're our closest primate cousins!"
Blaming human war on chimpanzees is the pseudo-scientific equivalent of saying, "The devil made me do it!" If man's "fallen nature" is the essence of evil, as most Christian religions maintain, and if war really is an expression of something embedded so deeply in us that it goes back to the last ancestor we shared with chimps five million years ago, then yeah, maybe war really is the devil's doing.
I hate to ruin a perfectly good rationalization, but that dog (or chimp) won't hunt.
First off, chimps aren't "our closest primate cousin," though you'll need a sharp eye to find any mention of our other, equally intimately related cousin, the bonobo in most of these "news" stories. Like a crazy relative who lives in a shed out back, bonobos tend to get mentioned in passing -- if at all -- in these sweeping declarations about the ancient primate roots of war.
There are plenty of reasons self-respecting journalists might want to avoid talking about bonobos: their penchant for mutual masturbation, their unapologetic homosexuality and incest, a general sense of hippie-like shamelessness pervading bonobo social life. But the biggest inconvenience is the utter absence of any Viking-like behavior ever observed among any bonobos ever studied, wild or captive. Bonobos never rape or pillage. No murder. No infanticide. No war.
When a group of bonobos encounters another group, an orgy may well break out, but not a battle.
Given the fact that we shared that common ancestor five million years ago with both chimps and bonobos, you might think journalistic ethics and scientific integrity would dictate that discussion of bonobos' anti-war ethos would get half the space in these articles. You'd be wrong about that.
In Nicolas Wade's 1,260-word New York Times article ("When Chimpanzees Go on the Warpath," June 21st) for example, bonobos are mentioned in passing just once, in a single, subtly misleading sentence in the 12th paragraph. (Bonobos are described as "the chimps' peaceful cousin" while chimps themselves are described as having a joint ancestor with humans, thus leading the average reader to mistakenly conclude the human genome shares more with the chimps' than with the bonobos'.) But to be fair, Wade knows his stuff and even this micro-mention is more than most articles on the primate origins of war manage.
Few journalists are willing to risk muddying their compelling (if untrue) narrative with so much as a word on bonobos.
Also generally left unmentioned in these articles is whether, and to what extent, human presence may be influencing the chimps' behavior. In the Kibale reserve where these warring chimps live for example, poaching appears to be a serious problem, with one of the chimps having been speared by humans recently. Habitat destruction is an on-going crisis all over Africa -- including in supposedly protected areas. Park rangers are no match for the AK-47-toting armies protecting and profiting from illegal logging and a thriving bushmeat trade.
Continued research into chimpanzee behavior is vitally important, and the scientists carrying out these investigations are clearly not responsible for the misuse of their findings by overworked journalists.
But the public should be suspicious of this false myth of the origins of human war based upon a misleading view of our primate past.
Follow Christopher Ryan on Twitter: www.twitter.com/sexatdawn
They were kind of fun to read about...
We are supposed to be rational beings that use our brains to find moral action and prevent harm. That is why I can't grasp the lumping of incest, homosexuality and pedophilia into one group. Two of those have obvious harm that doesn't need spelling out. One of them has no harm whatsoever.
However, we can use our sister taxa to understand why we are the way we are.
We have evolved, but that doesn't mean we don't share some of the more base instincts.
An interesting note--from what I've read, the Bonobo social structure is considered to be matriarchal. No male can overrule a female alliance, although the group is "led" by an alpha male. That male, however, gets his status from his mother's status. Bonobo society is very sexualized (as is ours, despite our denials), which has made Bonobos known as a "make love not war" species. Interesting.