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Craig S. Keener

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Are Miracles Real?

Posted: 02/15/2012 10:27 am

Many people today are familiar with miracle stories in the Bible -- the parting of a sea, water turned to wine, and, most frequently in the New Testament, healings, even of blindness, leprosy, and the reversal of recent death.

Yet it is not just people in the first century who have believed in miracles. Various polls peg U.S. belief in miracles at roughly 80 percent. One survey suggested that 73 percent of U.S. physicians believe in miracles, and 55 percent claim to have personally witnessed treatment results they consider miraculous.

Even more striking than the number of people who believe in miracles is the number who claim to have witnessed or experienced them. For example, a 2006 Pew Forum survey studied charismatic and Pentecostal Christians in 10 countries. From these 10 countries alone, the number of charismatic Christians who claim to have witnessed or experienced divine healing comes out to roughly 200 million people. This estimate was not, however, the most surprising finding of the survey. The same survey showed that more than one-third of Christians in these same countries who do not claim to be charismatic or Pentecostal report witnessing or experiencing divine healing.

And the reports in these countries appear to be merely the tip of the iceberg. The survey did not include China, where one report from the China Christian Council over a decade ago attributed roughly half of all new Christian conversions to "faith healing experiences." Another report from a different source in China suggested an even higher figure. Clearly many people around the world experience what they consider miracles, sometimes in life-changing ways.

What are we to make of such claims? At the very least, they testify that many people around the world today are experiencing cures in a context of deep religious faith. Numerous medical studies have shown that faith and faith communities provide a coping resource that often facilitates better health outcomes. A number of these global reports, however, exceed even our best current expectations for what "faith" can produce. In September 2010, Southern Medical Journal published an article showing that some people in Mozambique, tested before and after prayer, experienced significant recovery of hearing or eyesight. The Medical Bureau at Lourdes has long examined evidence for extraordinary recoveries.

Most stunning to me on a personal level were sincere eyewitness claims from people that I or my wife have long known and trusted, including everything from cures of blindness to restoration from apparent death. Sometimes the witnesses include doctors. In one case, the eyewitness was my mother-in-law, who reported that my sister-in-law was not breathing for three hours. During prayer, without available medical resources, my sister-in-law revived, and had fully recovered, without brain damage, by the next day. Similar reports, again sometimes from people I know or have interviewed personally, appear widely in Africa, Asia, Latin America and sometimes even North America. Many of these reports come from highly educated professionals.

That reports of extraordinary experiences are widespread is undeniable, but observers explain these experiences in various ways. Some reports stem from fraud or misdiagnosis, but vast numbers of cases cannot be explained this way. Some explanations may overlap; for example, most religious believers would allow that God can work through psychological causes. Some would not define such cures as miracles, however. The influential 18th-century philosopher David Hume, for example, defined miracles as "violations" of nature. Yet, this often-disputed definition cannot cover even many of the biblical miracles (for example, the Bible says that God used a strong wind to part the sea). Others define miracles simply as extraordinary divine action.

However miracles are defined, Hume's argument against them, which provides the traditional basis for skepticism about them, is now problematic. Hume questioned the possibility of having adequate testimony to affirm miracles, since virtually uniform human experience ruled them out. Today, however, when hundreds of millions of people from diverse cultures claim to have experienced miracles, it seems hardly courteous to presuppose a "uniform" human experience on the subject. If any of these experiences constituted a genuine miracle, Hume's argument against miracles, which in some circles has hardened into an uncontested consensus, would fail. Whatever one thinks about miracles, the long-held argument against them needs to be rethought.

While not everyone will agree regarding the causes of healing experiences, everyone must agree that they often do not happen. Sickness and injustice remain in the world. In the Gospels, miracles did not replace the kingdom that Jesus announced. Nevertheless, they were signs of hope to promise and invite us to work for a better future. This focus suggests the writers' conviction that God cares about people and about their suffering, and welcomes us to care about these also.

Craig Keener, author of 'Miracles: The Credibility of the New Testament Accounts' (Baker Academic, 2011).

 
 
 
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Many people today are familiar with miracle stories in the Bible -- the parting of a sea, water turned to wine, and, most frequently in the New Testament, healings, even of blindness, leprosy, and the...
Many people today are familiar with miracle stories in the Bible -- the parting of a sea, water turned to wine, and, most frequently in the New Testament, healings, even of blindness, leprosy, and the...
 
 
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10:34 PM on 02/23/2012
I'm Miracle. Saved by grace through faith. All a gift from God.
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rewith85man
Expressing Who I Am
09:57 PM on 02/23/2012
Unlike the world, the #Bible tells the #truth - what happened, what would happen, and what will happen.
07:12 PM on 02/23/2012
A 'Mirror Call' is reverse speech. Used by seers and sages alike to unpick the stitching of the woolly earmuffs of babel.
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helioszephyr
What do you mean by "micro"?!
05:01 AM on 02/23/2012
It would be a "miracle" if they were real.

"This focus suggests the writers' conviction that God cares about people and about their suffering, and welcomes us to care about these also."

Then, why does God allow us to become sick and suffer in the first place? Only to go through the excruciating pain, then beg for his mercy to heal us? And he selects only those few who are blessed to be benefactors of his miracles, and discards the majority remaining?
08:10 PM on 03/06/2012
the best answer to your question I have read is that of Dr. Gregory Body in his book, God At War.
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tploomis
I am a human bean.
12:57 AM on 02/23/2012
Of course miracles are real, but they are not miracles. They are just events that are not yet rationally understood.
08:14 PM on 03/06/2012
When people don't believe miracles are possible or healing is normative their faith/belief system becomes self-fulfilling. Forgive those of us who have a different experience for not agreeing with your conclusions. Some have a god of the gaps, others have a rationality of the gaps.
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Tony Rochon
Trying to fly under the radar
08:29 PM on 02/22/2012
Well, since Christians suffer from fewer ailments than non-christians, this proves miracles occur.

Wait, they don't?

Nevermind.
10:36 PM on 02/23/2012
Palezzze,,,the comedy forum is just above you,
08:18 PM on 02/22/2012
I have experienced miracles. I was both a tool of G-d and a recipient, both numerous times. The Nishmat prayer also implies that every drop of rain is a miracle.
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bbriani3842
400+ yrs of science & STILL no evidence for a god
09:57 PM on 02/22/2012
Hogwash
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HeevenSteven
20 Minutes into the future.
02:55 PM on 02/22/2012
Millions of people claim to have experienced Miracles, so Hume is refuted thus, because one of those experiences could be real? That's an argument? I think not.

Miracles are refuted until one is proven to have occurred which could have no natural explanation. Let's find a person who grew a new arm, or eyeball, or Pancreas or something, then we'll talk.
07:46 PM on 03/06/2012
What about an auditory nerve that was destroyed and missing verified by two specialists that was restored immediately following a prayer in Jesus' name, would that qualify? Or what about a man with no corneas or pupils due to an acid spill in his eyes resulting in white scar tissue receiving prayer for 5 hours then three days later waking up with new corneas, pupils, no scar tissue and restored vision, would that count? Or what about the restoration of a brain that was verified through MRIs causing advanced loss of memory to the point of having to be fed, shaved, and dressed by another - then the brain restored to the point the man in now working on a doctoral degree, would that qualify? Not to mention people in hospice with 2-3 weeks to live who after prayer are restored to normal life. If you have faith in Humes circulatory argument which doesn't allow for miracle by its definition of miracle and how miracles are explained away to the point that I don't have enough faith to accept the optional interpretations of the data. You actually didn't deal with Keener's arguments for he wasn't looking for one miracle to be real, but was recording what had been seen by eyewitnesses, nor did you deal with the evidence in the Southern Journal of Medicine that Keener alluded to where the legally blind saw and the deaf heard verified by scientific studies.
02:50 PM on 03/09/2012
A recent study found that intercessory prayer had no effect on complication-free recovery from heart surgery, but curiously the group certain of receiving intercessory prayer experienced higher rates of complications (American Heart Journal 151 (4): 934–942. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2005.05.028. PMID 16569567.). A group at Johns Hopkins published a study in 2011 reporting no significant effects on pain, mood, health perceptions, illness intrusiveness, or self-efficacy,

The American Cancer Society states available scientific evidence does not support claims that faith healing can cure cancer or any other disease. Even the "miraculous" cures at the French shrine of Lourdes, after careful study by the Catholic Church, do not outnumber the historical percentage of spontaneous remissions seen among people with cancer.
03:51 PM on 03/09/2012
The Southern Journal of Medicine article does not scientifically verify miracles, as a research endeavor it is seriously flawed:

There are several limitations of the study. First, field conditions were challenging. There were no modern clinical facilities available, and we were unable to diagnose the etiology of auditory or visual impairments or to assess whether structural changes occurred. There is no way of knowing whether hearing changed at untested frequencies, or whether subjects tested only with 40 cm or 6 m charts would have exhibited change with the other chart. Second, although the study was prospective and controlled for some potential confounds such as AN (ambient noise), there was no control group, only a null hypothesis of no significant effect. Third, THE STUDY WAS NOT DOUBLE-BLINDED. In support of experimenter reliability, several audition subjects showed no measurable improvement, despite self-reported improvement.

No follow up was conducted, vision testing spanned daylight to night time artificial lighting, not all eyes and ears were tested before and after, etc.
09:59 AM on 02/22/2012
On the account of miracles, God has many times intervened in my life. My husband has a terminal geno-type of Hepatitis C. For years he had been on radical (tissue destroying) treatments. Through it all his liver continues to function, and in every respect, appear a "normal" functiong liver. This is miraculous, due to the fact, that Hepatitis C destroys the liver and that is the cause of death. We know that God has protected his liver and his doctors do not have a logical explanation.

God consistently intervenes in my life and speaks to my faith. Perhaps miracles are hard to fathom without faith, but with faith the eyes of the blind(ed) are opened.
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JohnFromCensornati
Free your mind and your ass will follow.
05:17 PM on 02/22/2012
Was it a miracle when God created that Hep C virus?
08:18 PM on 03/06/2012
I wouldn't believe in a deity that created evil or sickness and disease. The source of disease is not attributed to God in the Bible, it is pantheistic religions that sees both good and evil in god. Theism rejects the that God created evil.
07:11 PM on 02/22/2012
Long may your husband live and strong may the light of our Lord shine on him.
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Redhunteur
If I damn yer POV will u turn the other cheek?
08:26 AM on 02/22/2012
In summary: Various people believe in physics defying miracles.
Sounds like: Various people believe the CIA is reading their thoughts.

Miracles: 0
Reality: one gazillion
07:51 PM on 03/06/2012
The problem is that the physics that seems to be defied is the Newtonian physics of Hume's day, not quantum physics.
06:25 AM on 02/22/2012
JESUS CHRIST RAPTURE, MARCH 28 2013, 23:00 ISRAEL, 16:00 NYC
JESUS CHRIST RETURNS, A P R I L 9 2020, 23:00 ISRAEL, 16:00 NYC
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KrautMan
Carpe jugulum
04:02 PM on 02/22/2012
Rofl.
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01:30 AM on 02/22/2012
Classic: "One survey suggested that 73 percent of U.S. physicians believe in miracles, and 55 percent claim to have personally witnessed treatment results they consider miraculous."

Meaningless! 'One survey' What survey? What physicians? What miracles? Stop filling our minds with baseless, generic factoids.
07:36 AM on 02/25/2012
He's clearly not filling YOUR mind, so what are you complaining about?
07:53 PM on 03/06/2012
The details were in the hundreds of pages of footnotes.
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CSNC
Living on the edge -- not taking too much space
11:43 PM on 02/21/2012
"Are Miracles Real?"

No... but ignorance is.

H
07:55 PM on 03/06/2012
That is self-evident in your response. I am amazed at how open mindedness!!
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CSNC
Living on the edge -- not taking too much space
11:50 PM on 03/06/2012
RandyClark,

What...?

H
06:31 AM on 02/21/2012
So many people around the world claim to experience miracles through prayer. And the perception that prayer is effective is a major reason for the global expansion of pentecostalism. Although scientists cannot prove the existence or nonexistence of "God," it is an empirical question whether prayer practices affect health. More empirical studies are needed of the prayer practices associated with miracle claims--first to determine whether and/or how such practices affect health, and then to begin investigating potential mechanisms.
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George Genung
10:51 AM on 02/21/2012
There have been studies done. Intercessory prayer appears to have no affect.
Prayer itself can bring comfort to a believing patient, just as meditation can do to a non believing one.
05:35 PM on 03/01/2012
Actually, study results have been mixed. And an important reason is the diversity of study designs used. You may be interested in reading my new blog post: "How Should Prayer Be Studied?" at http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/testing-prayer/201203/how-should-prayer-be-studied
05:25 AM on 02/21/2012
This is a thought-provoking and nuanced reflection on a complex topic of great importance. The fact that so many people claim to experience miracles--and that these experiences, regardless of cause, affect the lives not only of those directly involved but also many in their social networks--should prompt closer attention to these claims.
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George Genung
08:53 AM on 02/21/2012
The same can be said for sightings of the Loch Ness monster, alien abductions, Bigfoot. What is required is verified evidence. To date, there has never been any presented for a miracle.
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aviandonn
My micro-bio is empty
12:54 PM on 02/22/2012
Actually, a lot of attention - a lot - has been paid to these claims, and the explanation is invariably that human psychology and the way we process experiences - not divine or supernatural activity - explains the phenomenon.
08:07 PM on 03/06/2012
That is one explanation, but not the only one held by researchers.