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Dalia Mogahed

Dalia Mogahed

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The Fruits of Faith in the Arab Spring

Posted: 04/ 5/11 09:02 PM ET

Americans seem unsure about how to view the Arab Spring. Whereas a clear majority sympathized with the protests in Egypt, the public is deeply divided on the dynamics in Libya. As the Obama administration works to explain the goals and strategy of the coalition intervention in the North African country, there may be something else making some Americans uneasy: the perceived role of religion in the Middle East's uprising.

So how should we interpret rows of Libyan rebels praying or loud unison chants of "God is Greater" in Syria? The simple answer is that faith has animated the fight for freedom around the world, including in our own civil rights struggle, and Arabs are no different.

Spirituality is the region's dominant social currency. According to Gallup research, more than 90 percent of Arabs say religion is an important part of their daily lives. In any society where people are seeking to mobilize their community toward action, they tap into their collective social and psychological capital for strength. In the Middle East, many consider the values of their faith to be their society's greatest asset and the key to its progress.

Moreover, Islam contains rich resources for liberation philosophy. Its most central theological principle is that of God's absolute oneness, meaning that only He is worthy of unquestioning obedience and submission, and only He should be truly feared. This focus on God's glory minimizes the supposed supremacy of tyrants, making them seem miniscule and powerless. When protesters declare "God is greater," they are saying that the Devine dominates the dictator.

In what seems like an exact description of peaceful protest, the Prophet taught, "the greatest jihad is speaking a word of truth to a tyrant."

Religious themes can also give people a common and hopeful narrative even when circumstances seem dim. In the midst of their uncertainty, Egyptian revolutionaries often likened their struggle against Hosni Mubarak to that of Moses against Pharaoh and his army.

Aside from powerful imagery, prayer provides people with a reminder that the skirmishes we are witnessing are on a much larger stage than we can see. A woman who protested in Tahrir Square told me about the collective devastation the group felt when Mubarak was expected to announce his resignation but instead declared his intention to hang on to power. She said that after his speech someone on a loudspeaker called for the hundreds of thousands standing in the square to pray for deliverance. It came the next day.

Faith in this higher power can mitigate the conflict caused by ego and recognition seeking that often undermine well-intended reform movements. I am told that upon hearing the news that Mubarak had resigned, many who had stood in Tahrir for weeks, braving the threat of arrest, torture or death, spontaneously and joyfully announced, "God alone defeated the regime."

Whatever the future holds for the many and diverse movements for change unfolding across the Middle East, one thing is fairly certain: Sacred reason will continue to inspire many to seek their secular rights. Those who love freedom would do well to recognize liberation's many forms.

 
 
 

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Americans seem unsure about how to view the Arab Spring. Whereas a clear majority sympathized with the protests in Egypt, the public is deeply divided on the dynamics in Libya. As the Obama administ...
Americans seem unsure about how to view the Arab Spring. Whereas a clear majority sympathized with the protests in Egypt, the public is deeply divided on the dynamics in Libya. As the Obama administ...
 
 
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kodimirpal
teacher
10:34 AM on 04/08/2011
@Islamic violence
There is a wrong idea prevalent in the West that in some special way Islam is related to violence.
The word islam itself means peace and that the history of Islam has certainly not been witness to any more violence than one finds in other civilizations, particularly that of West.

The Islamic concept of justice itself is related to equilibrium, the word for justice (al-'adl) in Arabic
As for the meaning of violence as 'rough or injurious physical force or action', Islamic Law opposes all uses of force.

Even if force is to be used, it must be on the basis of moderation.

It must be emphasized that since Islam embraces the whole of life and does not distinguish between the sacred and the secular, it concerns itself with force and power which characterize this world as such.

But Islam, in controlling the use of force in the direction of creating equilibrium and harmony, limits it and opposes violence as aggression to the rights of both God and His creatures.

The goal of Islam is the attainment of peace but this peace can only be experienced through that exertion (jihad) and the use of force which begins with the disciplining of ourselves

Islam seeks to enable man to live according to his basic good nature and not to violate that nature. Islam condones the use of force only to the extent of opposing that natural tendency which turns man against what he is in his inner reality.
05:30 AM on 04/07/2011
"Moreover, Islam contains rich resources for liberation philosophy."

Really? Please elaborate on this statement.
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kodimirpal
teacher
07:21 AM on 04/07/2011
Islamic Monotheism is the most powerful source of liberating power, nothing can stand in front of it.
Monotheism produces the highest degree of self-respect and self-esteem in people.

Monotheists know that only God has true power, can benefit or harm them, fulfil their needs, cause them to die, or wield authority and influence. This conviction makes them indifferent to and independent and fearless of all powers other than those of God. They never bow in homage to any of God’s creatures.


Monotheists know that the only way to success and salvation is to acquire a pure soul and righteous behaviour.

In this uncompromising monotheism, with its simple, enthusiastic faith in the supreme rule of a transcendental being, lies the chief strength of Islam.

Its adherents enjoy a consciousness of contentment and resignation unknown among followers of most creeds.

Monotheism inspires bravery, for it defeats the two factors that make people cowards: fear of death and love of safety,

The second idea is defeated when people realize that no weapon, person, or power can kill them, for only God has this power. No one can die before his or her appointed time, even if all of the world’s forces combined to do so.

Nothing can bring death forward or push it backward even one instant. This firm belief in One God and dependence upon Him makes monotheists the bravest of people.

Carrying all these weapons of faith and ready to become Shuhada, a thousand Mubaruks are indifferent to them
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Ytrus
''it's a map''
04:29 PM on 04/07/2011
Eh, that's a lot of talk, but I'm not convinced. Monotheism offers approbation for ideas that already exist, but they don't really require God in the first place. Bravery? Contentment? You don't need monotheism to have these qualities, and I don't see how they're improved by pretending some supreme deity is hanging in the wings giving you a thumbs up.
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03:04 AM on 04/08/2011
If you guys are so secure in your beliefs, why do you have to kill everyone who doesn't agree with you?
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fireart
I got mine the hard way.
10:48 PM on 04/06/2011
When Abraham kicked Hagar out God let them live but cursed them with a curse of strife with all nations and with them selves.
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07:46 PM on 04/06/2011
The "values" being extolled in Egypt is Sharia law. There's already talk of establishing modesty police and of war with Israel. The Coptic Christians are being persecuted as never before. This Arab Spring is actually an Islamist Spring.
02:59 PM on 04/06/2011
great article,

glad that someone could write something with clues, rather than some other authors whom simply put an opinion about a religion without in-depth clues.
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03:40 PM on 04/06/2011
clues? as in dogma? there are lots of writers who can articulate an argument based upon their religion.
the problems arise when one realizes that this writer advocates a theocratic state: "Its most central theological principle is that of God's absolute oneness, meaning that only He is worthy of unquestioning obedience and submission, and only He should be truly feared."
04:11 PM on 04/06/2011
religious protesters, author, readers, all agree on the importance of faith. it played an important role in Egypt, i followed the event daily and I've seen it every day in their struggle
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FU3X08agyg

if you think otherwise, you don't anything to backup your claim.
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kodimirpal
teacher
10:27 AM on 04/07/2011
In Islam sovereignty comprises several component forces that combine to establish its authority.

These are the Shariah, the nation and the leaders chosen by the people. By virtue of these three factors, the Islamic order is superior to others because it safeguards the principles of morality and the foundations of public justice, human equality and brotherhood.

It predicts rights and duties upon principles of universality and eternity commanded by the Almighty and it therefore blocks the way to personal preferences and passions, fanaticism and partisanship.

No nation, king, head of state or laymen can repudiate human rights and duties on the pretext that the national political leaders are free in the exercise of its full sovereignty.

The expression of sovereignty may not be exercised by a single will as, for example in the name of the people represented by a majority party.

The Quran says “Lo God enjoins justice and kindness and (given) to others” Quran 16:90 and

“Let not hatred of a people incite you not to act equitably. Be just that is nearer to piety and observance of duty” Quran 5:8.

A Muslim nation can work out its own constitution based on the above principles. There is no international law that every nation should copy the provisions of Western nations' laws and constitution in making up their mind on the sort of democracy that their people want to follow.
This need not bother the followers of other faiths as long as the UNO charter is followed by nations.
05:31 AM on 04/07/2011
All I read was opinion. Very slanted opinion.
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02:35 PM on 04/06/2011
Excellent article!

To God be the Glory! A time of prayer is a time well spent in Good Company.We just have to walk in obedience with the magnificent Divine mandate,carry ourselves well , repent of our sins ,help the poor .Remember , sin wasn't meant to be part of our life .Let us try to be good and respect and love one another.Peace is beautiful ! Again ,let us give glory to the Almighty,the Compassionate and Merciful.This is a time for every men and women to look within and search themselves to see if there is anything that displeases God in their hearts and lifestyle ,time to cast it away .Remember what He said:"Return unto Me and I will return unto You" ,"Rend your hearts and not your garments".

Peace and Love .
05:32 AM on 04/07/2011
Which deity are you talking about?
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kodimirpal
teacher
11:44 AM on 04/07/2011
There is no other deity except the one true Almighty creator as the Quran ( and possibly the Bible)describes in the following verses

[2:29] He is the One who created for you everything on earth, then turned to the sky and perfected seven universes therein,

[7:54] Your Lord is the one GOD, who created the heavens and the earth in six days, then assumed all authority. The night overtakes the day, as it pursues it persistently, and the sun, the moon, and the stars are committed to serve by His command. Absolutely, He controls all creation

[10:3] Your only Lord is GOD; the One who created the heavens and the earth in six days. There is no intercessor, except in accordance with His will. Such is GOD your Lord. You shall worship Him.

[14:33] He has committed the sun and the moon in your service, continuously. He has committed the night and the day to serve you

[21:30] Do the unbelievers not realize that the heaven and the earth used to be one solid mass that we exploded into existence? And from water we made all living things. Would they believe?

[21:31] And we placed on earth stabilizers, lest it tumbles with them.

[21:32] And we rendered the sky a guarded ceiling. Yet, they are totally oblivious to all the portents therein.

[21:33] And He is the One who created the night and the day, and the sun and the moon; each floating in its own orbit.

Simply beautiful
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07:03 PM on 04/26/2011
I am talking about the One True God ,The Creator of The Heavens and the Earth , the God of Abraham , Isaac and Jacob ,The One who keeps His promises spoken of by His servants the Prophets .He sent His prophets to the people and told them "Return unto Me ,the Fountain of Living waters",to keep them in line with the Truth .The world is His ( or should I say 'The worlds' are His creation for I am convinced that there are yet many worlds which we have not yet seen or that we are incapable of seeing ). Those who follow His teachings will experience joy and Eternal Life .He sent His Anointed One who taught righteousness and Peace and who stood up for what is right and just and did not sell out to the corrupt authorities and even though they killed Him ,He was raised on the third day and lives and reigns forever over all .
10:52 AM on 04/06/2011
"In the Middle East, many consider the values of their faith to be their society's greatest asset and the key to its progress. "

Some would suggest that this fettering of faith as the governing body of society is precisely the reason that Islamic societies have not experience progress to their potential.
12:15 PM on 04/06/2011
that would make sense if we were talking about Christianity, which seriously conflicts with science. Islam has always promoted knowledge, education and science and muslims societies never needed to go through a reformation (i.e. ridding of religion from society) to adopt science, technology and education. Never in history you can show Islam being in conflict with scientific development, just look at the period between 700-1600 and you will see what I mean.

The reason for the lack of development is internal conflict (which has an external component), the constant warfare (due to sharing of immense wealth and resources) and nearly 100 years of colonialism (divide and conquer)

Again: no where in Quran, Hadith or Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh) you can see anything against knowledge, education, progress...
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12:59 PM on 04/06/2011
except for the submission to god which limits free thinking. the recent arguments regarding islamic science are revisionism. the glory of arabic thought was from an era that was decidedly non-conformist. the greatness of central asia was because of the liberalism of the sufis, the science of the mediterranean arabs flows from the greek tradition. islamic schools teach rote and conformist discipline, hardly tools for scientific break through.
05:36 AM on 04/07/2011
Islamic achievements in the fields of art, literature, science, medicine, etc. in no way refute the fact that Islam is intrinsically violent. Roman and Greek civilizations produced many great achievements in these fields as well, but also cultivated powerful traditions of violence. While giving the world the brilliance of Virgil and Horace, Rome was also a home to gladiatorial combat, the slaughter of Christians, and, at times, rampant militarism.
Furthermore, the achievements of Islamic civilization are pretty modest given its 1300 year history when compared to Western, Hindu, or Confucian civilizations. Many Islamic achievements were in fact the result of non-Muslims living within the Islamic Empire or of recent converts to Islam. One of the greatest Islamic thinkers, Averroes, ran afoul of Islamic orthodoxy through his study of non-Islamic (Greek) philosophy and his preference for Western modes of thought. Once the dhimmi populations of the Empire dwindled toward the middle of the second millennium AD, Islam began its social and cultural "decline."
GHarry
Kitty wrangler
08:57 AM on 04/06/2011
Another word for faith is superstition, and throughout history superstition has led to fear, bigotry, tyranny and perpetual war. It is unlikely that any supernatural being had anything to do with the recent events in the Middle East. So God was responsible for the ouster of Mubarak and the uprising against Ghadafy? It's likely that the CIA played a bigger role. It's typically superstitious thought to give credit to a god for events that would have occurred anyway. People need to give up superstitious thought and take responsibility for their own lives. If you wait for a god to help you, you often wind up waiting a long time for nothing.
01:35 AM on 04/06/2011
Thank you for posting this. I always felt Egypt's protesters were motivated to stand for freedom because freedom is something sacred which must be protected. I was questioned if this was my perception or Egypt protester's perception. I believe you confirm that Egypt's people view freedom as something sacred. Feel free to correct me.
12:06 AM on 04/06/2011
No Dalia, it's not religion, it's uncertainty.........about how any civilization can condone killing innocent, irreplaceable humans in revenge for the burning of replaceable books.......burnt by an idiot, no less!; or stoning women over the pursuit of human desires; or killing sisters over the pursuit of freedom and happiness, etc. We just don't get it, and we have every reason to be fearful.

Moderate Islam, if there is such a thing, needs to stand up and publicly condemn these and all other acts of inhumanity that are committed in its name. Why not? Afraid of the radicals? OK, now you understand.
05:34 AM on 04/06/2011
Agreed: the silence of the moderates is deafening.
08:09 AM on 04/06/2011
Well put!.
10:53 PM on 04/05/2011
Great article.
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cdncommentator
10:38 PM on 04/05/2011
I think that the religiosity of the Arabs could go either way: it could propel a liberal democratic revolution in its mild form; or it could usher in another repressive system justified on the basis of Islamic morality.

If I were a Christian, Druze, woman or a member of a Muslim minority sect in this region (Jews no longer residing in these countries), I'd be very afraid of where religious inspiration and zeal might take my country.
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kodimirpal
teacher
06:53 AM on 04/07/2011
There are thousands of Jews living happily and peacefully in Morocco and Iran for instance and they do not want to move to israel in spite of rich financial incentives, how would you explain that? The Arabs and Jews were co-existing peacefully, they had best relation that we could ever find between two segments of a race until the European Jews(?) started migrating to israel and started their unfair political machinations. In Palestine for instance almost every Arab family had an adopted Jewish child. Muslims had never persecuted the Jews in their history, but it is sad that the persecuted Jews of Europe became the perpetrators of their protectors and benefactors. History is sad. It victimises the innocent Palestinians
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cdncommentator
01:01 PM on 04/07/2011
Here's a reality check on your little fantasy from Wikipedia:

Iran:

At the time of the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, there were approximately 140,000–150,000 Jews living in Iran, the historical center of Persian Jewry. Over 85% have since migrated to either Israel or the United States, with the migration accelerating after the 1979 Islamic Revolution, when the population dropped from 100,000 to about 40,000.[24] On March 16, 1979, Habib Elghanian, the honorary leader of the Jewish community, was arrested on charges of "corruption", "contacts with Israel and Zionism", "friendship with the enemies of God", "warring with God and his emissaries", and "economic imperialism". He was tried by an Islamic revolutionary tribunal, sentenced to death, and executed on May 8,[21][25] one of 17 Iranian Jews executed as spies since the revolution.[26]

Estimates of the Jewish population in Iran vary...estimated at less than 40,000 nowadays..

Opinion over the condition of Jews in Iran is divided...Privately many Jews complain to foreign reporters of "discrimination, much of it of a social or bureaucratic nature." The Islamic government..requires that [Jewish] schools must open on Saturdays..Criticism of this policy was the downfall of the last remaining newspaper of the Iranian Jewish community which was closed in 1991 after it criticized government control of Jewish schools.[28]

Morocco:


In 1948, approximately 265,000 Jews lived in Morocco. Around 2,500 live there now.
04:40 AM on 04/12/2011
"O ye who believe! take not the Jews and the Christians for your friends and protectors: They are but friends and protectors to each other. And he amongst you that turns to them (for friendship) is of them. Verily Allah guideth not a people unjust." -- Qur'an 5:51

"Strongest among men in enmity to the believers wilt thou find the Jews and Pagans..." -- Qur'an 5:82

"Those who reject (Truth), among the People of the Book and among the Polytheists, will be in Hell-Fire, to dwell therein (for aye). They are the worst of creatures." -- Qur'an 98:6

The beheading of the 700 Banu-Quraythah’s Jewish tribe. In 680, the head of Hussein bin ‘Ali was cut-off, put on a silver platter, and sent to Damascus, including the heads of all of Hussein’s family.

"Strongest among men in enmity to the believers wilt thou find the Jews and Pagans..." -- Qur'an 5:82 Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The last hour would not come unless the Muslims will fight against the Jews and the Muslims would kill them until the Jews would hide themselves behind a stone or a tree and a stone or a tree would say: Muslim, or the servant of Allah, there is a Jew behind me; come and kill him; but the tree Gharqad would not say, for it is the tree of the Jews. (Sahih Muslim 6985)
10:02 PM on 04/05/2011
Both the Authority and the Rebel believe that Allah is on their side.
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kodimirpal
teacher
12:29 PM on 04/07/2011
Husni Mubaruk never believed that God was on his side, he knew there was Zhulm in him he was under the impression that God would allow him to stay longer before punishing him, but the punishment came unexpected for him
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William50
10:01 PM on 04/05/2011
The idea of a separate religion and state is beyond the Arab mind to gasp.
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wom122
Primum non nocere
11:00 PM on 04/05/2011
I take it you know many Arabs? or are you basing your opinion on this article?
05:39 AM on 04/06/2011
Freedom, Inshallah.
12:31 AM on 04/06/2011
and by your remark the idea of bigotry is not beyond your mind
09:50 PM on 04/05/2011
What an excellent piece... thank you!!