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Dan Rather

Dan Rather

Posted: January 12, 2011 10:23 AM

We've all probably taken antibiotics at some point, and given it little thought. When an illness has gone on for a little too long, these miracle drugs often seem like a harmless magic bullet, able to cure anything. Some have even called antibiotics the greatest medical advance ever. But now, public health officials are warning that our decades-long love affair with these drugs is rendering them useless. When one doesn't work, we are given another. Increasingly, however, doctors are running out of options.

"Crisis" is not too strong a word for describing what has happened to antibiotics. As our use of the drugs rises every year in the United States, bacterial resistance has risen right alongside it: there isn't a single known antibiotic to which bacteria have not become resistant.

As just one example: staphylococcus aureus, or a staph infection, has become ever harder to treat. Staph bacteria can spread like mildew in a damp basement in hospitals when equipment, clothing, or even hands aren't washed and sterilized properly. (Hospitals are loath to admit it, but this happens in every hospital in the United States -- even in the very best ones.) There was a time, a long time, when staph could be knocked out almost immediately by antibiotics. These days, there's no guarantee that any antibiotic can save you.

Every year, more than ninety thousand Americans die from similar infections that have become resistant to antibiotics. That stunning figure is higher than the death toll from AIDS, car accidents and prostate cancer combined.

Seven decades since the discovery of antibiotics, it's clear that science still cannot keep pace with bacteria. Dr. Stuart Levy, a professor of molecular biology at the Tufts School of Medicine and one of the world's leading medical authorities on antibiotics, says the cause of the crisis is not in dispute: we are simply using too many antibiotics.


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And the place where this is happening most often is in the primary care office. Some of the reasons are obvious: antibiotics seem like a quick fix; doctors are frequently in a rush and it's easy to write a prescription; doctors may think it's better to be "safe than sorry." But Dr. Rita Mangione-Smith, an investigator at the Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, says the real reasons are more subtle than that. "When a physician believes a parent wants an antibiotic, they are significantly more likely to inappropriately prescribe," she said. And that has a lot to do with American consumer culture, and the view of patients as "customers." "There's a huge amount of concern among physicians that their patients have high levels of satisfaction," said Mangione-Smith. Otherwise, "they'll leave your practice and go somewhere else."

And people aren't the only ones taking too many antibiotics. About seventy percent of all antibiotics purchased in the United States are for farm animals, which are fed these drugs by the ton in order to help them to grow faster. But bacteria in animals can develop resistance just like in humans, and this resistance can spread into the community.

But while the threat of resistance continues to escalate in the U.S., HDNet's "Dan Rather Reports" program found a different tact in Norway. That country some time ago embarked on a nationwide education and regulation drive to greatly reduce antibiotic use for both people and animals. Norwegian doctors boast that patients there use just one-third of the antibiotics, per person, as Americans do. In real world terms, that's making a huge difference: Norway has the lowest rate of antibiotic resistant infections in the developed world.

This demonstrates, Norwegian specialists say, what can -- and must -- be done. Bacteria's winning momentum in the war against antibiotics can be reversed, but only if the world acts, and acts quickly.

Dan Rather Reports airs Tuesdays on HDNet at 8 p.m. and 11 p.m. ET

 
We've all probably taken antibiotics at some point, and given it little thought. When an illness has gone on for a little too long, these miracle drugs often seem like a harmless magic bullet, able to...
We've all probably taken antibiotics at some point, and given it little thought. When an illness has gone on for a little too long, these miracle drugs often seem like a harmless magic bullet, able to...
 
 
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09:37 PM on 01/18/2011
News out today! Another step forward in helping with the fight against super bugs! Reducing antibiotics is not the only solution. Check out this article.

http://canadafreepress.com/index.php/articles-health/32271

http://medizoneint.com/medizone-international%E2%80%99s-mass-market-sterilization-technology-to-be-produced-by-canadian-medical-device-heavyweights/
08:26 PM on 01/18/2011
Apparently unaware that Animals are getting 10000 fold more then humans? If bacteria is becoming resistant, it would seem that reducing it to Animals would be good. How about save the humans and let the livestock die? I don't know about you, but I would rather not die from a sore throat (strep).

If livestock are getting sick at an alarming rate, how about improve the conditions so that it happens at a much lower rate. Maybe we need a different food source? There has to be a good solution.
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Jeff Rosenbury
I love all people -- in the abstract
03:31 PM on 01/17/2011
I call B.S., literally. The amount of antibiotics given to people is a tiny percentage of the amount given to animals. It is these animal antibiotics, given by the ton, that leave trace amounts in the environment to which bacteria to grow resistant.

Cutting back care on humans so agribusiness can keep supersize cows is not my idea of a proper solution.

Advanced antibiotics are administered in hospitals. Yet how can germs mutate in hospitals? Aren't hospitals supposed to be antiseptic with no germs?

They are supposed to be, but they are not. Administrators cut costs on cleaning. They rely on antibiotics instead. I once had reason to visit the ****** University Emergency Room twice about a week apart. There were small speck of blood on the wall that were not washed off over a week's time at this supposedly world class hospital.

If we wish to solve this problem, we need to limit the environmental exposure to antibiotics, not the human exposure. That means last line antibiotics need to be used in sterile environments with patient wastes, including antibiotic packaging, incinerated.

Oh, and don't let livestock dump tons of bioactive manure all over the countryside.
09:04 AM on 01/19/2011
I read your comment with a great interest. What you're saying is absolutely right. I just wanted to add some information.

When you say “Yet how can germs mutate in hospitals? Aren't hospitals supposed to be antiseptic with no germs? “Well in hospitals germs are everywhere, and because an hospital is constantly cleaned (it should be but as you said, it's not always the case) bacteria are putted under pressure. Only the strongest ones or the ones that have been able to mutate and become more resistant can survive. A recent survey shows that at least a third of these nosocomial infections could be avoided and even 50% if all the medics would carry a hand sanitizer with them at all time. This method has been tested in the Geneva Hospital in Switzerland and showed great results.

My other point is about animals. The main problem is that most of the animals are fed every single day with antibiotics. To avoid a rapid spread of a disease (because they parked by hundreds in a small and closed environment) and thus a great loss of profit. But antibiotics stay in the meat and obviously finish their journey in our stomach. That means that most of us get a small dose of antibiotics every day! We definitely need to react quickly and strongly. And that means eating less meat and choosing only the high quality (same for fishes).

Thanks you again for your interesting post.

Regards.

Pierre
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01:55 PM on 01/17/2011
A scientific crisis? Well, well. The late, great philosopher of science Thomas Kuhn is getting closer and closer to playing his hand.

Peace on Earth,

Ik
05:47 PM on 01/16/2011
Spot on Mr. Rather! The overuse of antibiotics and the emergence of "super bugs" such as MRSA (Methcillin-Resistant Staph aureus) and the more treacherous VRSA (Vancomycin-Resistant Staph aureus) are the bane of hospitals and nursing homes. The resistance to common staph which many health care workers and patients are colonized with on their skin, becomes dangerous because it mutates into a more resistant type and infects open wounds and internal organs. Researchers now know that "mutant" bacteria can exchange resistant DNA material with other bacteria...and viruses.

The word is out with pediatricians, family practitioners and hospitals, so patients shouldn't be asking for antibiotics to treat illnesses which are more likely to be viral in origin. The American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of Family Medicine and the CDC, which are readily available through the internet have excellent user-friendly sites about proper prescribing of antibiotics.

If your physician prescribes an antibiotic you should take the full course of treatment...even past the time when you are "feeling better", so that the bacterial infection is wiped out and your don't require another course of treatment with a more powerful antibiotic...and so that you don't transmit an antibiotic-resistant bacteria to anyone else. Patient non-compliance with the rather long course of treatment for Tuberculosis, resulted in multi-drug-resistant TB in community settings. Patient antibiotic non-compliance results in other serious community-acquired drug resistant bacterial illnesses.
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steve12
04:47 PM on 01/16/2011
I know, from personal experience, that antibiotics are too quickly prescribed for minor ailments. I had a minor burn on my foot and was prescribed antibiotics. Fortunately, the doctor had the good sense to say that I didn't need to get the prescription filled right away and if the burn started to get better in a few days, don't fill it. I wonder how many doctors fail to add that caveat and how many patients would fail to adhere to it. BTW, the burn did start to get better and I never filled the prescription.

I have noticed among my own family members, being prescribed antibiotics for colds and other minor ailments. This has got to stop and perhaps the new healthcare law will offer us a mechanism to address this issue.
02:41 PM on 01/16/2011
Mr. Rather,
Ever since my folks gave you information that catapulted 60 Minutes into a phenomenae, I have had a good opinion of you. I still do but I am disappointed you would include the misleading information concerning antibiotic use in animals in this report. It simply gives people a villain to chase rather than addressing the real issues in how we use antibiotics and the inherent risks involved in living in our modern world.
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ColoradoTaxpayer
If u didn't vote-you have no right to complain
01:19 PM on 01/16/2011
When my niece was 2 years old she stated having constant ear infections. that little girl was on antibiotics for a year. She was listless with dark circles under her eyes and looked like she was going to die soon. My other sister and I had (still are) proponent of Homoeopathy. we finally got her to take my niece to a women associated with Hanna Kroger. She looked at my niece and told my sister if she gives her one more round of antibiotics, Monika would die. Turns out that Moni was allergic to milk and sugar. She was put on a regimen of homeopathics and it took around 2 months for the poison to come out of that little girls body. We were vigilant to not give her anything that had milk or sugar (hard with little ones) and every once in a while someone would feel sorry for this 3 yr old who couldn't have ice cream and give here some. We knew this because within a 1/2 hr that little girl would be so sick. She is now a healthy 26 yr old with 2 kids of her own. The mainstream doctors would never listen to my sister asking them to see if there was a reason for the ear infections-they just gave her more amoxicillin.
12:53 PM on 01/16/2011
I have not taken an antibiotic in about 8 years. Every year I come down with bronchitis and the doctor would treat me with an antibiotic. It got to the point that as long as I was on the antibiotics the bronchitis would start to clear up. A few days after I would finish my perscription,I was right back where I started.

After going through this for awhile, I said there is a problem,and it must be the antibiotics.I was on the strongest one they made.I said it must be killing my immune system, my body isn't capable of fighting off any infection.

I made up my mind then,I refuse to take anymore antibiotics unless it is life threating.I take allergy medication for my bronchitis.It's allergy related to molds and mildew.

When I get sick I let my own body fight off the infections,so far it has been able to do that for the last 8 years.When your body is trying to tell you something,like with the antibiotics,it is best to listen to it.It is telling you for a reason.
12:03 PM on 01/16/2011
pharmaceuticals are BIG business. where i work in fl, every month a pharm rep takes all the drs. in town out for a big dinner in our fine dining restaurant, where they all order the most expensive dinners. some even order 2 dinners and have the second boxed to take home. all at the expense of the pharmaceutical co. who invites them to dinner to encourage them to prescribe the 'latest' drug. of course it's paased along to us, every dr. i have seen about my herniated discs tries to push lyrica on me, even with my insurance it's super expensive.
11:56 AM on 01/16/2011
Insufficient attention is being paid to "host factors" i.e. self-inflicted injuries by ourselves against ourselves that render us more susceptible to infection.

Our high calorie, refined diets lead to low volume stools, prolonged transit times and persistent physical efforts during defecation - notably in preterm infants and postmenopausal women. Persistent straining during defecation injures epithelial surfaces rendering them more susceptible to recurrent pathological and opportunist infections (Straub, 2008). We then pack the most vulnerable, infected individuals - with chronic diseases - into dangerous institutions (hospitals) and wonder why we have a problem with recurrent and untreatable infections.

The bugs will win unless we change our diets, bowel habits and injurious patterns of childbirth - urgently.
09:33 AM on 01/16/2011
Thanx Dan,
It is a crises and the overuse must stop.
Remove the subsidies to use antibiotics in every stockyard and factory farm and you'll help the situation more than anything else you can do.
12:04 PM on 01/16/2011
agreed
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bigbubba90210
05:16 AM on 01/16/2011
MDs frequently will prescribe antibiotics to patients they know won't benefit from such prescriptions - because they have viral, not bacterial infections - because patients demand *something* from their visits to the doctor. Many patients do not feel like they have come to the doctor's office "for nothing." Thus doctors, to a good extent due to monetary reasons, continue to prescribe when such prescriptions are not medically warranted.

A leading hospital in the US has the protocol of every worker washing his or her hands after entering AND exiting patient areas, in order to combat MRSA. Glove use in patient areas after such washing occurs, whether or not direct patient interaction occurs, also is mandatory. It's sad to note such efforts are done more to minimize the hospital's risk than to affect patient health, but at least there is that ancillary benefit present for patients and staff.
11:24 PM on 01/15/2011
Everyone thinks it's just overuse of antibiotics when it's just that super bugs are getting stronger. Bed Bugs didn't just all of a sudden become a east coast problem because of overuse of antibiotics. MRSA being found on sports equipment isn't because of overuse of antibiotics. Women going in for C-Sections and getting a HAI isn't because of overuse of antibiotics. Cheese Factories having salmonella outbreaks isn't because of overuse of antibiotics.

The list goes on and companies like Medizone International are on a new frontier to stop these problems. The ozone base AsepticSure is one of the answers and people really need to start becoming aware of what is out there as far as new technologies and support them.

If you don't believe me just check out the link and read yourself.

http://medizoneint.com/
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PatA
Juan Martinez! Rock Star!
06:23 PM on 01/15/2011
Having worked in ER, I can tell you that the overuse of antibiotics has been going on for at least 15 years. Maybe 20.

People would come into our ER with the sniffles and demand antibiotics. Antibiotics have a very limited use and only where there is an infection that warrants being treated aggressively.

Overuse of antibiotics has opened the door to infections that cannot be cured. MRSA is on the rise and frequently surgery is the only way to get rid of it. A doctor came and got me one night and showed me a patient's hand. There was an ugly black and oozing area close to his index finger and thumb..right hand. He was sent to OR. The next day when I got to work the patient was standing outside. (hooked up to an IV pole and smoking ) He had a huge bandage on his right hand. Surgeons had to remove 3/4 of his hand to get rid of the MRSA.

MRSA a poses a threat in any hospital. Professionals who do not wash their hands before touching a patient can pass any number of infections on. At one time we had 6 patients on the second floor with MRSA.

Don't ask for antibiotics and if the doctor says he is prescribing them, ask him if they are necessary. Some doctors are too quick to prescribe antibiotics.
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ColoradoTaxpayer
If u didn't vote-you have no right to complain
12:55 PM on 01/16/2011
I have MRSA and have probably had it for 6 years or so. No doctors would listen to me. When I had an eruption on my right breast instead of just on my privates i finally got to have a mammogram and ultrasound done. the reviewing doctor told me it was a staff infection (better than saying MRSA). Went back to John Hopkins after a friend said look up MRSA and low and behold there was a picture of the lesion on my breast. I went to my doctor and read him the riot act that I had to self diagnose something that i have been coming in to see them for years. how many people did I infect? Now when I am around my grandson, i am washing my hands constantly. I just finished a 2nd round of a Zpac in less than a month and I still am infected. it never goes away
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PatA
Juan Martinez! Rock Star!
02:26 PM on 01/16/2011
ColoradoTaxpayer, I am so, so sorry. What a horrible experience this is for you. How frustrating to not get a DX in a timely manner. Zpax is a good antibiotic. I worked with a nurse who got a horrible staph infection (caught from patient) and then MRSA. It took a year but she got well. Zpac is what her doctor prescribed.



I got Rocky Mountain Spotted Tick Fever in 2001 and made the horrible mistake of telling a young doctor what I had. Evidently I really p-ed him off because I could not get well. I saw an internist and he exploded and said the ER doc gave me half the dosage that is traditionally prescribed. I had headaches and vertigo and an MRI was ordered and I had two brain lesions.

Here it is 2011 and last fall, I fell. Headaches started. It hit me that my symptoms were the same as 2001. I went to ER that night because my head hurt so much. MRI..I have 3 brain lesions now and they are blaming it on the half-dosage of antibiotics that I was given in 2001. .

We're damned if we do and damned if we don't .Lesson learned, I'll never tell another doctor "my" diagnosis. :-)

I am going to keep you in my thoughts and tell your story to my family and friends so we can get some good and positive vibes coming to you.
10:56 AM on 01/17/2011
May God bless and look over you...I've had MRSA too, so has my SO. Surgery was his only option, and they took out a huge chunk of his abs. I was lucky enough to catch it super early and antibiotics responded, but not before it landed me in the hospital with a secondary infection and a fever of 102.

If the Zpac doesn't work, though, surgery may be a good idea. Don't wait like I did, and spend 3 days inpatient.