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Daniel Amen, M.D.

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Change Your Brain, Change Your Body

Posted: 02/24/10 03:03 PM ET

Why is it so hard to lose weight? Have you ever wondered why the diets you've tried never seem to work even though they helped your best friend, husband, or neighbor lose weight? Have you ever gotten so irritable and emotional on a diet that your spouse threatened to divorce you? Believe me, I have seen this happen, and it is far more common than you might imagine.

So what is the problem? It could be that you have been trying the wrong type of diet ... for your brain!

In my new book Change Your Brain, Change Your Body, I show you that when it comes to weight loss, one size does NOT fit all. One weight-loss program will never work for everyone, because being overweight is not one thing in the brain. Through our brain-imaging work with tens of thousands of patients, I have discovered five different types of overeaters, and you need to know your type to find the right program for you so you can finally lose the weight without going crazy or making your spouse's life miserable.

When I first started to do our brain imaging work at the Amen Clinics in 1991 I was looking for the ONE pattern that was associated with depression, ADD, or bipolar disorder. But as I soon discovered, there was clearly not one brain pattern associated with any of these illnesses. They all had multiple types. Of course, I then realized, there will never be just one pattern for depression, because not all depressed people are the same. Some are withdrawn, others are angry and still others are anxious or obsessive. The scans helped me understand the type of depression, or ADD, or bipolar disorder a person had, so that I could better target their treatment.

This one idea led to a dramatic breakthrough in my own personal effectiveness with patients and it opened up a new world of understanding and hope for the thousands of people who have come to the Amen Clinics and the millions of people who have read my books.

As we looked at the brains of our overweight patients, we discovered that again there was NOT ONE brain pattern associated with being overweight, there were at least five. We saw patterns associated with brains that tended to be compulsive ... some were impulsive ... others were sad ... and still others anxious ... in various combinations. This is exactly the reason why most diets don't work. They take a one-size-fits-all approach, which from our brain imaging work makes absolutely no sense at all.

Here are the five types I talk about at length in my new book. As we will see, most people will never need a brain scan to know their type.

Type 1: The Compulsive Overeater: These are people who think about food all day long. The most common brain SPECT finding in this type is increased anterior cingulate gyrus activity, which is most commonly caused by low brain serotonin levels. High-protein, low-carbohydrate diets usually make this type worse and can make them irritable and emotional. Diet pills make them anxious. A higher-carbohydrate diet and the supplement 5-HTP boost serotonin and can help this type stop getting stuck on thoughts about food.

Type 2: The Impulse Overeater: I call them grabbers -- whenever they walk past something they grab it. These are the people who wake up with the best intentions to eat well but simply can't resist when they drive past the doughnut shop. This type results from too little activity in the brain's prefrontal cortex, likely due to low levels of dopamine. High-carbohydrate, low-protein diets typically make impulsivity worse, practically ensuring that these dieters will fail. Boosting protein intake and drinking green tea can increase dopamine to give you better control of your impulses.

Type 3: The Impulsive-Compulsive Overeater: A combination of type 1 and type 2, they have very little control over their impulses and tend to get stuck on thoughts about food. These people typically have both high activity in the anterior cingulate gyrus (low serotonin) and low activity in the prefrontal cortex (low dopamine). Using serotonin-boosting interventions alone helps calm compulsive eating but increases impulsivity. Trying dopamine-boosting interventions alone lessen impulsivity but worsens compulsive eating. These people need a combination approach that raises both serotonin and dopamine, such as green tea and 5-HTP.

Type 4: The Sad Overeater: These are people who tend to be sad or depressed -- they eat as a way to medicate underlying feelings of sadness, depression, loneliness, or boredom. High activity in the deep limbic system is associated with this type. Exercise, focusing on the things you are grateful for, and getting rid of the ANTs (automatic negative thoughts) that steal your happiness can calm this brain region and reduce the desire to eat when sad.

Type 5: The Anxious Overeater: These are people who tend to be filled with anxiety and tension -- they eat as a way to medicate their anxiety. Brain scans show that high activity in the basal ganglia, likely due to low levels of the calming neurotransmitter GABA, is the common finding in this type. Boosting GABA with relaxation exercises and a combination of vitamin B6, magnesium, and GABA can reduce feelings of anxiety.

Not only can your brain help you determine the best way for you to lose weight, but shedding those pounds can also have a positive effect on your brain. A University of Pittsburgh study found that as weight goes up, the actual physical size of the brain goes down. Obese people had 8 percent less brain tissue and their brains looked 16 years older than lean people. Being overweight also doubles your risk for Alzheimer's disease.

Being obese is a life-threatening condition, and it needs to be taken seriously. Getting on the right plan for your brain can help you lose weight and be healthier for the rest of your life. If you would like to determine your own brain type and find out which types of interventions can help you lose weight and keep it off, take the Change Your Brain Change Your Body Questionnaire.

 
 
 

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Why is it so hard to lose weight? Have you ever wondered why the diets you've tried never seem to work even though they helped your best friend, husband, or neighbor lose weight? Have you ever gotten ...
Why is it so hard to lose weight? Have you ever wondered why the diets you've tried never seem to work even though they helped your best friend, husband, or neighbor lose weight? Have you ever gotten ...
 
 
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12:15 PM on 02/27/2010
It really doesn't make sense that most overweight people suffer from psychological disorders. Recent findings about the hypothalamus have shown that high fructose levels in the diet can block the action of leptin, end result the person feels hungry most of the time when in fact the body doesn't need extra calories. Also, trans fats are much more likely to be stored than used, according to another study done with chimps where two groups were fed the same amount of fat, one group with trans fats, the other not. The trans fat group put on significantly more pounds of fat.

We need more education about foods easily available in the US that are very unhealthy, specifically aimed at the parts of the population - lower income people - who regularly use these bad foods now. Soda pop, anything with high fructose corn syrup, and trans fats, and many artificial sweeteners should be avoided like poison. This wasn't common knowledge 15 years ago and a lot of people got fat! And it's much, much harder to lose weight than keep it off, as I well know.
11:30 AM on 02/27/2010
Food does two things: It can destroy you or heal you. The food market is after your money they don't care about your well being. Walk into a any grocery store and your bombastic with sugar, breads, and sodas. The media takes your mind and brings it to a level of I need to eat this! Pizza is a heart attack waiting to happen. In later life one takes at least 1-2 dozen pills in order to live, and spends their golden years waiting room to see the doctor.
jerryatthebeach
Till Death Do You Barrier Island...
03:38 PM on 02/26/2010
Quit drinking alcohol and give up salt and watch the pounds melt away. As soon as you take 1 drink, your body starts metabolizing the alcohol and the food in your system turns to fat. Plus, you get a cirrotic liver and distended belly.
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RusStyles
Author of Getting Back in the Game!
11:44 PM on 02/25/2010
People who work out religiously tend to eat healthier. First, your body will demand more water. Second, it just doesn't feel right to bust your butt in the gym for an hour, then stuff yourself with chips, beer and bunch of other junk food. Third, you body's metabolism goes into overdrive, thus your body will burn-off more calories. Even if one eats healthy, unless they eat a strict low carb, low-fat, hi-protein diet and gradually reduce calories as they age, they will most likely still gain a tire roll. Especially if they have a sit-down job.

Exercise is the key to a better, higher quality of life--period!
anfractuous
Like you care.
08:19 PM on 02/25/2010
There are also plenty of thin, extremely thin, people who are anxious; depressed; or compulsive. Why then is it some persons feel compelled to use food as a compensatory measure, while others shun it for the similar goal of self regulation?
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mlaiuppa
Pres. Sarcasm Society. Like we need your approval.
02:16 PM on 02/26/2010
Because eating is the one thing that gives you a feeling of control. That's what I understand is a component of anorexia.
09:11 PM on 03/20/2010
Well there are way too many Americans that are overweight or obese. But I think the issue here should be on eating and not just weight. This is the issue with America, we are bombarded with unhealthy food to the point that many people do not know how to eat healthy. It has become apparent to me that the everything in this country is about consumerism, screw the health of consumers. I think the idea is that we are supposed to be just unhealthy and unhappy enough to the point that we buy prescriptions and products to try to medicate all of our ails.
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Pavane
I pick my battles and walk from the rest.
05:38 PM on 02/25/2010
I have always been a thin person. But when I quit smoking over a year ago, I gained a lot of weight. In many ways, I felt better when I smoked than I do now.
03:52 PM on 02/25/2010
thank you. very helpful explanation of underlying body chemistry issues that can make lifestyle and other changes harder. i like your suggestions of natural, basically side effect free supports.
02:22 PM on 02/25/2010
One-size-fits all and quick-fix approaches to well-being in any area are bound to fail. I am not a doctor, yet I agree with Dr. Amen there are unique brain chemistry patterns that correlate to ingrained over-eating habits, AND there are also subconscious, ingrained mind patterns as well. Since the brain and mind work in tandem, my approach to teaching mindful eating takes both into consideration.

I also reframe weight loss into health gain, and emphasize paying attention to the What, When, Where, Why and How we eat. So many people have no clue what is in the processed and commercially grown foods they consume, and the effect of added chemicals – even, for example the amount of refined sugar and lab-produced sweeteners - has upon all our physical and mental processes. Conscious awareness of cause and effect has a profound impact. I teach my students and clients that not only does Knowledge = Power, Knowledge = Liberation. Learn as much as you can about What, When, Where, Why and How you eat, and then choose your actions from an informed perspective.

The more we know about the interconnection between all the elements that influence us on every level, the more empowered and freer we become to make the conscious choices that can lead to improved health and happiness.

It sounds like Dr. Amen's new book will assist in that process.

living-mindfully.com
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mlaiuppa
Pres. Sarcasm Society. Like we need your approval.
02:13 PM on 02/25/2010
And if you're not any of those?

I'm not a snacker. Not an overeater.

In fact, I find it very easy to skip meals, breakfast being the easiest. I've been known to skip dinner if I've had a good lunch.

Overeating isn't the only reason for weight gain.

I gained 10 pounds a year for the last 6 years but my eating hasn't changed. I've lost 15 lbs in the last 4 months and my eating hasn't changed. You know what changed? 6 months ago my doctor switched me from generic Simvastatin cholesterol medication to Lipitor.

If anything I've started eating more since for the last 2 years I've made it a point to have something for breakfast, even if it's just a box of orange juice.
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Erica Heinz
11:28 AM on 02/25/2010
Love this article; the more detailed breakdown of eating habits is so interesting. Common sense — eat less, eat healthier — is often surprisingly difficult to apply to our lives, and it's great to see how we can customize strategies to our own particular biologies and personalities.

I have to disagree w/the first commenter; I don't think these strategies are presented as "mechanical fixes"; more like structural supports. It's a lot easier to exercise your ideas, feelings, beliefs, etc., when you don't have chemical deficiencies undermining them.

I just got your first book, Dr. Amen; it was highly recommended by a friend. Excited to start it.
10:09 AM on 02/25/2010
The ONLY problem I have with this article is it's perpetuation of
the idea that the brain is the mind and with a tweak here and
a slice there or a pill now and possibly an electrical charge
later, ideas, concepts, feelings, emotions, beliefs, etc., none
of which can be found in the brain, will all magically be changed
into some other idea, concept, feeling, emotion, belief and
mainly "desire".
For every 'cause', a feeling or emotion is included with the
'mechanical' findings. For every solution, a physical activity
is included with a 'mechanical fix'. This should be a clue as
to which comes first and what causes what.
02:26 PM on 02/28/2010
Amen to that. (no pun intended). You are exactly right. Amens ideas are for entertainment and nothing more.